James and Dolley Madison (60 page)

25
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, June 18, 1807, in Dolley Madison Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Online Rotunda Edition, 2010–2013) (hereafter referred to as DMDE).

26
. John Marshall to Charles Pinckney, October 19, 1808, in
The Papers of John Marshall
, by John Marshall, ed. Charles Hobson (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 7:184.

27
. William Plumer Jr.,
The Life of William Plumer
(Boston: Phillips, Sampson, 1857), p. 362.

28
.
Washington Federalist
, May 7, 1808.

29
. James Madison, speech to the Constitutional Convention, July 11, 1787, in
The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series, Presidential Series, Retirement Series, Personal Papers
, ed. Robert Brugger et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986) (hereafter cited as
PJM
), 10:98.

30
. James Madison to Nicholas Trist, April 23, 1828, in
The Selected Letters of Dolley Payne Madison
, by Dolley Madison, ed. David Mattern and Holly Schulman (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2003), pp. 82–83.

31
. Ketcham,
James Madison
, p. 435.

32
.
Aurora
, January 5, 1809; Virginia Moore,
The Madisons: A Biography
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979), pp. 214–15.

33
. Levi Lincoln to Thomas Jefferson, April 16, 1801, in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, by Thomas Jefferson, ed. Julian Boyd and Barbara Oberg (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007), 33:596–99n.

34
. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney to John Rutledge Jr., August 24, 1808, in Pinckney Cotesworth Harrington Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina; Zahniser,
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
, p. 252.

35
. Eliza Collins Lee to Dolley Madison, March 2, 1809, in DMDE.

36
. Stella Sutherland,
Population Distribution in Colonial America
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1936), introduction charts;
National Gazette
, December 19, 1791.

37
. James Madison, Letters of Helvidius, no. 3, September 1793, in
PJM
, 15:98.

38
.
National Gazette
, February 18, 1792.

39
. James Madison to Lafayette, November 25, 1820, in Madison,
Selected Letters of Dolley Payne Madison
, p. 14.

40
. James Madison, inaugural address, March 4, 1809, in
The Writings of James Madison
, by James Madison and Galliard Hunt (New York: Russell and Russell, 1968), 8:47–50.

41
. Margaret Bayard Smith,
The First Forty Years of Washington Society
, ed. Galliard Hunt (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906), p. 58.

42
. Ibid., pp. 61–62.

43
. Ketcham,
James Madison
, pp. 474–75.

44
. Noble Cunningham Jr., “The Frances Few Diary,”
Journal of Southern History
29, no. 3 (August 1963), March 3, 1809 entry; Ketcham,
James Madison
, p. 476.

45
. “Journal of Alexander Dick,” March 1809, in
James Madison
, by Irving Brant (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1941–1946), 5:33.

46
. William Story, ed.,
The Life and Letters of Joseph Story
(Boston: Charles Little and James Brown, 1851), 1:218; Abraham Hasbrouck to Severyn Bruyn, January 29, 1814, in DMDE.

47
. Madison and Hunt,
Writings of James Madison
, 1:66–68, 269.

48
. Robert Rutland,
The Presidency of James Madison
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1990), p. 21.

49
. Ibid.

50
. Harriet Martineau,
Society in America
(New York: Saunders and Otley, 1837), 1:60.

51
. John Jackson to Dolley Madison, March 5, 1809, in DMDE.

52
.
Washington Expositor
, March 12, 1809.

53
. Thomas Jefferson to Levi Lincoln, August 26, 1801, in Paul Ford,
Works of Thomas Jefferson
(New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1903), 4:406.

54
. Fawn Brodie,
Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1974), p. 425; Katherine Anthony,
Dolley Madison: Her Life and Times
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1949), p. 192.

55
.
Aurora
, April 21, 1809.

56
. Brodie,
Thomas Jefferson
, p. 381; Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, July 26, 1806, in Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton University Library; James Madison to Nicholas Trist, July 6, 1826, in Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Princeton University Library.

57
. Thomas Jefferson to Dupont Nemours, March 2, 1809, in
Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, by A. A. Lipscomb and A. E. Bergh (Washington, DC: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association of the United States, 1903), 5:432–33.

58
. James Madison to William Pinckney, March 17, 1809, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 1; Madison Papers, Princeton University Library.

59
. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, October 24, 1787, in
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, by Thomas Jefferson, ed. Julian Boyd and Barbara Oberg (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007), 12:276–77.

60
. Garry Wills,
James Madison
(New York: Henry Holt, 2002), pp. 3–5.

61
. Plumer's Memorandum, April 8, 1806, p. 478, William Plumer Papers, Library of Congress, New Hampshire State Library.

62
. Ibid.

63
. Albert Gallatin to Joseph Nicholson, December 16, 1808, New York Historical Society.

64
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, June 5, 1805, in Madison and Mattern (ed.) and Schulman (ed.),
Selected Letters of Dolley Payne Madison,
pp. 61–62.

65
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, May 25, 1804, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, June 4, 1805, in DMDE.

66
. James Madison to James Monroe, December 26, 1803, in Madison and Hunt,
Writings of James Madison
, 2:189–91.

67
. James Madison to William Claiborne, February 20, 1804, in ibid., 1:199–200.

68
. Ethel Arnett,
Mrs. James Madison: The Incomparable Dolley
(Greensboro, NC: Piedmont Press, 1972), p. 253; “miscellany” notes in Dolley Madison Papers, North American Women's Letters and Diaries, digital collection.

69
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, May 22, 1804, in Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, p. 164.

70
. Phoebe Morris to Dolley Madison, July 22, 1809, in DMDE.

71
. Ibid.; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, October 27, 1810, in DMDE.

72
. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, August 9, 1805, and James Madison to Governor Claiborne, August 28, 1804, in
PJM
, secretary of state ser. 7:643–45.

73
. James Madison to James Monroe, November 9, 1804, in Madison and Hunt,
Writings of James Madison
, 2:208–10; James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, May 22, 1808, in
The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776–1826
, ed. James Smith (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995); Madison to Jefferson, July 28, 1806, in Smith,
Republic of Letters
, 3:1422, 1429.

74
. James Madison to William Hayward, March 19, 1809, in Madison and Hunt,
Writings of James Madison
, 2:434–35.

75
. Madison's political skills were evident in a letter to Jefferson on August 20, 1805, in Smith,
Republic of Letters
, 3:1379–80; Adrienne Koch,
Jefferson and Madison: The Great Collaboration
(Birmingham, AL: Palladium Press, 2005), pp. 126–27;
National Gazette
, December 20, 1792; Madison to Edmund Pendleton, January 21, 1792, in Madison and Hunt,
Writings of James Madison
, 1:546.

76
. James Madison, Federalist No. 55, February 13, 1788, in
PJM
, 10:505.

77
. Coles to Harold Grigsby, December 23, 1854, in Rives Papers, Library of Congress.

78
. Charles Adams, “The Madison Papers,”
North American Review
53 (1841): 75.

79
.
Aurora
, March 22, 1809.

80
. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, October 30, 1808, in Smith,
Republic of Letters
, 3:1554–57.

81
.
Aurora
, March 10, 1809.

CHAPTER 12. A NEW ADMINISTRATION AND A NEW COUPLE

  
1
. Kurt Leichtle and Bruce Carveth,
Crusade against Slavery: Edward Coles, Pioneer of Freedom
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2011), pp. 29–30.

  
2
. Elbridge Gerry Jr.,
The Diary of Elbridge Gerry Jr.
(New York: Brentano's, 1927), p. 179.

  
3
. Benjamin Latrobe to Dolley Madison, March 20, 1809, in Dolley Madison Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Online Rotunda Edition, 2010–2013) (hereafter referred to as DMDE).

  
4
. Catherine Allgor,
A Perfect Union: Dolley Madison and the Creation of the American Nation
(New York: Henry Holt, 2006), p. 153.

  
5
. James Madison to Dolley Madison, November 1805, in DMDE; James Madison to Dolley Madison, December 2, 1799, in DMDE.

  
6
. Maud Goodwin,
Dolly Madison
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940), pp. 138–39.

  
7
.
Washington Federalist,
March 3, 1808.

  
8
. Ibid., March 19, 1809.

  
9
. Ibid., March 12, 1809.

10
. Ibid., October 1808.

11
.
Washington Expositor
, May 4, 1808.

12
. Virginia Moore,
The Madisons: A Biography
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979), pp. 202–203.

13
. John Randolph to James Garnett, August 31, 1808, in Randolph-Garnett Letters, Library of Congress.

14
. Albert Gallatin to James Madison, October 29, 1809, in
The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series, Presidential Series, Retirement Series, Personal Papers
, ed. Robert Brugger et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986) (hereafter cited as
PJM
), presidential ser. 2:45.

15
. James Dinsmore to James Madison, October 29, 1809, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:44.

16
. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, October 30, 1809, in ibid., presidential ser. 2:48–49; George Davis to Dolley Madison, July 12, 1806, in Moore,
Madisons
, p. 205; Lucy Washington to Anna Cutts, July 20, 1811, in Lucia Cutts,
Memoirs and Letters of Dolley Madison, Wife of James Madison, President of the United States
(Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1971).

17
. Dolley Madison to John Payne, September 21, 1809, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to David Warden, March 8, 1811, in DMDE.

18
. Charles Goldsborough to James Madison, November 9, 1809, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:62–64.

19
. Dolley Madison to a friend, April 9, 1804, in Dolly Madison Papers, North American Women's Letters and Diaries, digital collection, doc. 8; Moore,
Madisons
, p. 188; Goodwin,
Dolly Madison
, pp. 121–23.

20
. Dolley Madison to Eliza Collins Lee, February 26, 1808, in DMDE.

21
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, June 3, 1808, in ibid.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Dolley Madison to James Madison, October 23, 1805, in ibid.

24
.
National Intelligencer
, October 15, 1801, and October 20, 1801;
Washington Federalist
, February 2, 1806.

25
.
National Intelligencer
, October 30, 1801.

26
.
Aurora
, February 11, 1809.

27
. John Randolph to James Monroe, January 1, 1809, in
James Madison
, by Irving Brant (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1941–1946), 5:22–27.

28
. William Wirt,
Letters of a British Spy
(New York: 1803; Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1970), in
James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity
, by Harry Ammon (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971), p. 369.

29
. Fawn Brodie,
Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1974), pp. 178–79; Ammon,
James Monroe
, p. 276; Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, March 30, 1809, and May 25, 1809, in
The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776–1826
, ed. James Smith (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995), 3:1579–80.

30
. Ammon,
James Monroe
, pp. 278–82.

31
. Henry Adams,
History of the United States during the First Administration of James Madison
(New York: Literary Classics of the United States, Library of America, 1986), p. 369; Ammon,
James Monroe
, p. 246.

32
. Jean Fritz,
The Great Little Madison
(New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1989), pp. 107–108.

33
. Goodwin,
Dolly Madison
, pp. 140–41.

34
. David Ress,
Governor Edward Coles and the Vote to Forbid Slavery in Illinois, 1823–1824
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2006), p. 37; Leichtle and Carveth,
Crusade against Slavery
, pp. 30–35; Preston, quoted in
Dolley Madison: Her Life and Times
, by Katherine Anthony (New York: Doubleday, 1949), p. 204.

35
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, May 25, 1804, in DMDE; Anne Hollingsworth Wharton,
Social Life in the Early Republic
(Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott, 1903), pp. 144–45.