Japan's New Middle Class: The Salary Man and His Family in a Tokyo Suburb (47 page)

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Ethnology,
1961, I:53-91.

Caudill, William, and Takeo Doi, "Interrelations of Psychiatry, Culture and Emotion in Japan" in Thomas Gladwin, ed.,
Medicine and Anthropology.
New York: Werner Gren Foundation, 1962.

De Vos, George, "A Comparison of the Personality Differences in Two Generations of Japanese-Americans by Means of the Rorschach Test,"
Nagoya Journal of Medical Science,
1954, XVIII:153-265.

De Vos, George, "The Relation of Guilt Toward Parents to Achievement and Arranged Marriage among the Japanese,"
Psychiatry,
1960, XXIII:287-301.

De Vos, George, and Hiroshi Wagatsuma, "Variations in Value Attitudes Related to Women's Status in Japanese Rural Villages,"
American Anthropologist,
1961, LXIII:1204-1230.

De Vos, George, and Hiroshi Wagatsuma, "Psycho-Cultural Significance of Concern Over Death and Illness Among Rural Japanese,"
The International Journal of Social Psychiatry,
1959, V:5-19.

Doi, Takeo, "Amae--A Key Concept for Understanding Japanese Personality Structure,"
Psychologia,
1962, V:1-7.

Goodman, Mary Ellen, "Values, Attitudes and Social Concepts of Japanese and American Children,"
American Anthropologist,
1957, LIX:979-999.

Haring, Douglas G., "Aspects of Personal Character in Japan,"
Far Eastern Quarterly,
1946, VI:12-22.

Ishino, Iwao, "The Oyabun-Kobun: A Japanese Ritual Kinship Institution,"
American Anthropologist,
1953, LV:695-707.

Lanham, Betty B., "Aspects of Child Care in Japan: Preliminary Report," in Douglas Haring, ed.,
Personal Character and Cultural Milieu.
Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1956.

Lifton, Robert Jay, "Youth and History: Individual Change in Postwar Japan,"
Daedalus,
1962, XCI:172-197.

Masuoka, Edna Cooper and Jitsuichi Masuoka and Nozomu Kawamura, "Role Conflicts in the Modern Japanese Family,"
Social Forces,
1961, XLI:1-6.

Nagai, Michio, "Dozoku: A Preliminary Study of the Japanese 'Extended Family' Group and Its Social and Economic Functions," Report No. 7, Project 483, Ohio State University (mimeographed).

Nagai, Michio, and John W. Bennett, "A Summary and Analysis of 'The Familial Structure of Japanese Society by Takeyoshi Kawashima,'"
Southwestern Journal of Anthropology,
1953, IX:239-250.

Norbeck, Edward, and Harumi Befu, "Informal Fictive Kinship in Japan,"
American Anthropologist,
1958, LX:102-117.

Norbeck, Edward, and Harumi Befu, "Japanese Usages of Terms of Relationship,"
Southwestern Journal of Anthropology,
1958, XII:66-36.

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Norbeck, Edward, and Margaret Norbeck, "Child Training in a Japanese Fishing Village," in Douglas G. Haring, ed.,
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Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1956.

Norbeck, Edward, "Postwar Cultural Change and Continuity in Northeastern Japan,"
American Anthropologist,
1961, LXIII:297-321.

Olsen, Lawrence, "Japanese Small Industry," American Universities Field Staff Letter, October 10, 1955.

Olsen, Lawrence, "Human Relations in a Japanese Factory," American Universities Field Staff Letter, November 27, 1955.

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American Sociological Review,
1950, XV:20-25.

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American Journal of Comparative Law,
1956, V:106-111.

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1950, IX:169-184.

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Human Organization,
1961, XX:112-120.

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1962, XXI:187-200.

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Washington Law Review,
1950, XXV:405-426.

Abegglan, James G., 40 n.

Abortion, 222

Academic standing, 55

Acquaintances, 119 -124;

and introductions, 119 -120;

and formalities, 120 -124;

and honorific language, 120 , 122 ;

and ceremonies, 124

Adolescence, 236 , 273 -274, 280

Adopted child, 169 , 179 , 240

Aesthethic values, 158 -160

Affluence, 275 -277

Aggression, 121 , 138 , 247

akarui seikatsu
(bright new life), 71 -85

Alienation, 99 , 261 -262

America:

Japanese attitude toward, 94 , 271 , 278

Anomie, 263

Antifeudalism, 154

Apprentices, 161

Ariga, Kizaemon, 165 n.

arubatio
(part-time work), 53

Asayama, Shinichi, 107 n.

Asceticism, 64

Authoritarianism.

See
Totalitarianism

Authority, 194 -207, 242 , 243 ;

of male, 194 -197;

decentralized, 195 -197;

shared, 197 ;

of husband, 198 -200;

of mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, 203 -207

Automobiles, 275 , 276 , 277

Avoidance, 139

Baby sitters, 233

Baker, Wendell Dean, 9 n., 261 n.

Bar girls, 222 -223

batsu
(clique), 105

Bathing:

of child, 231 -232

Beardsley, Richard K., 38 n., 180 n., 224 n., 232 n.

Bell, Norman W., 281 n.

Bellah, Robert N., 146 n.

Benedict, Ruth, 124 n., 125 n., 244 n.

Benefactors, 124 -135;

obligations to, 124 -126, 130 ;

in working relations, 126 -128;

and maids, 128 -129;

and relatives, 129 -133;

and go-betweens, 132 ;

and rural friends and relatives, 133 -135

Birth order, 238 -241

Blood, Robert O., 176 n., 183 n., 219 n.

Bonuses, 77 -78

Bourgeoisie.

See
Businessmen, successful

Boy's Festival, 144

Branch family, 168 -171, 172 , 174 , 181

Breast-feeding, 231

Budgeting, household, 76 -77

bunke
(branch family), 168

burujoa (bourgeoisie), 19.

See also
Businessmen, successful

Businessmen, successful, 19 -26;

position in Mamachi society, 20 ;

and participation in community affairs, 20 -21;

and employees, 22 ;

and wives, 22 , 24 ;

relatives of, in business, 22 -23;

and home affairs, 23 -24;

and inheritance, 25 -26

Calling cards, 119 -120

Caudill, William, 146 n., 149 n., 151 n., 230 n., 234 n.

Ceremonies, 134 , 143 , 159 , 192 , 208

Child-rearing, 225 , 227 -252;

lack of formal tradition of, 227 ;

modern views of, 228 -229;

and dependency of mother and child, 229 -238;

and second child, 231 ;

and development of independence, 235 -237;

birth order in, 238 -239;

and sex of child, 240 ;

role of father in, 241 -243;

co-operative techniques in, 243 -247, 251 -252;

and aggression, 247 ;

toilet-training in, 247 ;

memorization in, 248 ;

and flattery, 249 ;

and conflicts, 249 -251;

and study, 251 -252

China:

Japanese attitude toward, 94 -95

Civil Code, 172

Cole, Allan B., 90 n., 95 n., 100 n.

Company gang, 103 -109, 152 , 280

Competence, 146 , 156 -158, 161

Competition, 66 , 67 , 106

Compulsory education, 45

Confucianism, 142

Consumer goods, 71 , 72

Consensus, 143 -144, 147 -149, 157 , 158 , 196 ;

informal, 150

Contraceptives, 222

Co-operation, 244 -245

Crime rate, 256

Criticism:

effect of, 127

Dating, 117 , 218 -219, 280

Daughter-in-law, 174 , 203 -207

Democracy, 100 , 142 , 144 , 147

Dentists, 26 -30

Department stores, 83 , 85

de Tocqueville, Alexis, 116

Deviance paradigm (Parsons), 154 n.

Deviants, 145 , 148

De Vos, George, 45 n., 177 n., 218 n., 252 n., 256 n.

Disapproval, 139

Division of labor, 181 -193

Divorce, 177 -178

Divorce rate, 256

Doctors, 26 -30

Doi, Takeo, 155 n., 230 n., 232 n.

Dore, Ronald, 108 n., 144 n.

"Double structure" of Japanese economy, 6 -8

Dowry, 74 -75, 166

dozoku
(locality kin group), 165 n.

Durkheim, Emile, 106 n.

Educational expenses, 74

Ekken, Kaibara, 227

Embree, John, 174 n.

Emotional disturbance, 271 , 285

Employer-employee relationships, 22

Entrance examinations, 40 -67, 251 , 258 ;

importance of, 41 , 273 ;

in girls' schools, 44 ;

for kindergarten, 46 ;

content of, 46 -47;

application for, 48 ;

interviews for, 48 ;

study for, 49 ;

mother's part in, 49 , 50 , 54 -57, 65 ;

results of, 50 -52;

publicity on, 52 ;

tutoring for, 53 ;

teacher's part in, 57 -60;

alternatives to, 60 -64;

shortcomings of, 64 -65;

as a measure of achievement, 66 -67

escareetaa
(escalator) schools, 45 -46

Etiquette, 120

Examinations.

See
Entrance examinations

Existentialism, 144

Expense accounts, 21

Extramarital affairs, 222

Family:

and salary, 15 , 276 -277;

and public welfare, 15 -16;

solidarity of, 208 -226, 279 -281;

affection in, 211 ;

coalitions in, 211 -216;

and travel, 277

Father:

salary of, 16 ;

death of, and family, 16 -17;

position of, in family, 211 -216;

role of, in child-rearing, 241 -243

Favors, 79 , 84 , 130 -131, 151

Feudalism, 256

Field-work procedures, 285 -298;

first contacts, 286 ;

techniques used in, 286 -294;

with disturbed children, 293 ;

and interviews, 293 ;

and questionnaires, 293 -294;

and salary men, 294 -295;

and community relationships, 295 -296;

and study of child-rearing, 297

Flattery, 59 , 126 , 249

Flower arrangement, 192

Folk beliefs, 288

Foodstuffs, 78 -79

Foreign affairs:

attitudes on, 93

Foreign language study, 47 , 57

Formalities, 123 , 137 , 143 , 158

Freud, Sigmund, 105

Friends, 136 -138;

and formalities, 136 ;

and obligations, of husband, 136 ;

of wife, 136 ;

of women, 137 ;

status of, 137 -138

Fringe benefits, 35

Fukutake, Tadashi, 4 n., 15 n., 148 n., 252 n., 255 n.

Games, 246

Geisha, 81

Ghosts, 249

Gifts, 61 , 79 , 131 , 151 , 210

Glick, Paul C., 17 n.

Go-betweens, 80 , 132 , k40 n., 175 , 259

Gombeis (Joneses), 56

Goode, William J., 241 n.

Goodman, Mary Ellen, 9 n., 91 -92 n., 141 n., 234 n., 248 n.

Government:

as viewed by family of salary man, 86 -101;

image of, 86 -87;

and Imperial family, 88 -90;

and political leaders, 90 -91, 279 ;

and militarism, 92 -93;

and foreign affairs. 93 -95;

role of citizen in, 95 -98;

alienation to, 99 -101

Grandfather. 130 , 226

Grandmother, 185 , 225 -226

Grandparents, 224 -226, 279

Group concensus.

See
Consensus

Group pressures, 118 , 138 -141

Handel, Gerald, 294 n.

Heian period, 88

Heirlooms, 26

hesokuri-gane
(secret savings), 197

Hess, Robert, 294 n.

Hibbet, Howard, 265 n.

Hierarchical positions, 150

Hirohito, Emperor, 88 -89, 90