July 1914: Countdown to War (66 page)

     
on war as fait accompli,
350–351

     
Wilhelm II and,
343
,
344

Monarchical principle,
44
,
57
,
91
,
95
,
98
,
133
,
177
,
187
,
212

Morley, Lord John,
314
,
332
,
333
,
358–360
,
363
,
364
,
365
,
402

Morocco, Wilhelm II and,
82
,
83

Müller, Georg Alexander von,
78
,
227
,
229

Narodna Odbrana (National Defense),
7
,
10
,
25
,
33
,
142
,
177
,
197–199

Naumann, Victor,
89–91

Naval alliances, among Britain, France, and Russia,
72–74

Nicholaevitch, Nicholas (Romanov), Grand Duke,
161–162
,
164
,
196

Nicholas I,
161–162

Nicholas II,
184
,
190

     
Austrian intentions regarding Serbia and,
135

     
general mobilization orders,
286
,
300–302
,
398

     
mobilization order, repeal of,
273
,
296–297

     
mobilization orders,
184
,
192
,
258–259
,
271
,
272

     
photograph of,
165

     
responsibility for First World War,
395
,
398

     
Sazanov and,
52

     
Sazonov and request for general mobilization order,
300–302

     
Serbian request for arms and,
59

     
summit with Poincaré,
67
,
121
,
147–153
,
159–166

     
telegrams to and from Wilhelm II,
147
,
255–256
,
271
,
272–273
,
285
,
287
,
311
,
345
,
346

Nicolaievna, Anastasia,
162–163
,
165

Nicolaievna, Militiza,
162–163

Nicolson, Arthur,
214–216
,
315
,
329–330

Nikitsch-Boulles, Paul,
11–12

Oath of Renunciation,
2

Obilic, Miloš,
5

Obruchev, N. N.,
400

Ottoman Straits

     
British dreadnoughts and,
74–76

     
closing Straits to shipping,
54

     
Russia and,
53–54
,
59–61
,
304

     
See also
Turkey

Paĉu, Laza, Dr.,
173–175

Paléologue, Maurice

     
as ambassador to Russia,
146
,
147–148
,
150

     
communicating French support for Russian plans,
181
,
257–258
,
259
,
263

     
confirmation of Russian mobilization,
303
,
321–322
,
398

     
deception to manipulate British response/policy,
248

     
difficulty communicating with
France
,
261–262

     
Franco-Russian summit and,
153
,
154
,
156
,
160
,
161
,
162
,
163
,
164
,
165–166

     
meeting with Sazonov on Russian mobilization,
189–190
,
194–196

     
response to assassination,
55

     
responsibility for First World War,
395

     
role in urging secret Russian war preparations,
292–293

     
Sazonov claim of German mobilization and,
299–300

     
Sazonov on ultimatum,
213

Palmerston (Lord),
73

Pašić, Nikola,
190

     
assassination plot and,
391

     
Austria-Hungary’s declaration of war and,
245

     
Austrian ultimatum and,
142
,
172–173
,
175

     
photograph of,
50

     
request for arms and supplies from Russia,
58–59
,
61
,
184

     
response to ultimatum,
197
,
198–201

     
Russian backing for,
49

     
warning to Austria,
51

Period Preparatory to War.
See
Russian mobilization

Plan
19
,
180
,
203

Plessen, Hans G. H. von,
100
,
101
,
229
,
241

Poincaré, Raymond

     
anti-ultimatum ultimatum and,
169–170

     
briefing on European events upon return from summit,
262–265

     
death of Jaurès and,
322–323

     
debate over war and,
375
,
376

     
on French allegiance to Russia,
156

     
general mobilization order and,
335

     
German mobilization and,
320
n

     
knowledge of Russian mobilization,
196–197
,
356

     
knowledge of Russian resolve on war,
398
,
399

     
notice of and response to Russian mobilization to,
294
,
295–296

     
photograph of,
165

     
response to assassination news,
62

     
responsibility for First World War,
395

     
return to France after Franco-Russian summit,
261

     
rivalry with Caillaux,
66–67

     
Russian financial support for,
66
,
67

     
Sazonov and,
147

     
summit with Nicholas II,
145–157
,
159–166

     
Three-Year Service Law and,
64–65
,
67

     
voyage returning from summit,
190
,
195
,
196

     
voyage to summit,
121
,
124

Popovitch, Cvjetko,
8
,
12–13

Potiorek, Oskar,
4
,
6–7
,
12
,
16
,
19
,
106

Pourtalès, Friedrich

     
chance meeting with Sazonov,
209–210

     
conversations with Spalaiković and Sazonov on ultimatum,
186–189

     
at Franco-Russian summit,
154

     
German mobilization in response to Russia’s and,
268–269
,
270–271

     
informing Sazonov of German alliance obligations,
282–283

     
presentation of declaration of war on Russia,
338–339
,
345–347
,
350

     
presentation of German ultimatum on Russian mobilization,
337

     
Russian mobilization and,
209
,
213
,
220–221
,
309
,
310

     
Sazonov and Austrian ultimatum,
157–158
,
168
,
186–189
,
298–299

     
Sazonov’s response to assassination and,
57–58

Präventivkrieg
(preemptive war),
90
,
102
,
387–388

Princip, Gavrilo,
6–8
,
10–11
,
390

     
arrest and confession of,
92
,
93–94

     
assassination day,
12–13
,
14
,
15
,
16
,
17–18
,
20

Rasputin,
159–160

Recouly, Raymond,
335–336

Reichsrat,
34

Reininghaus, Gina von,
24
n

Reininghaus, Hermann von,
24
n

Reinsurance Treaty of 1887,
40

Reshad V
,
315–316

Rhemen, Baron,
23

Riezler, Kurt,
233–234

Ritter von Storck, Wilhelm,
29
,
48

Robien, Louis de,
157

Rodzianko, M. V.,
296
,
300
,
398

Romania

     
Franz Ferdinand and,
386

     
lack of support for Germany,
352
,
353

     
need to bring into Triple Alliance,
41

     
as potential Serbian ally,
110
,
138
,
139

     
recruitment as ally for Entente,
383–384

     
treaty with Germany,
340

Rudolf, Crown Prince,
28

Russia

     
annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina and,
3–4

     
assassination of Franz Ferdinand as factor in lead-up to First World War,
388–390

     
Austrian ultimatum and,
175
,
182–185

     
early battles in war,
383

     
fear of British-built Ottoman dreadnoughts in Black Sea,
74–75

     
February war council,
59
,
60–61

     
fragility of empire,
53–54

     
France and Britain as allies in war,
390

     
Franco-Russian summit,
145–166

     
German declaration of war on,
338
,
345–347
,
350

     
information on Austrian intentions regarding Serbia and,
129–135

     
invasion of East Prussia,
352–353

     
military strength of,
25
,
47–48
,
404

     
naval talks with Britain,
72
,
74

     
relations with Vienna,
37
,
40

     
repatriation of funds from Germany,
178
,
184–185

     
response to assassination,
48–49
,
55–61

     
responsibility for First World War,
287–288
,
395–400

     
role in Balkans,
47

     
Serbian request for advice/support,
185–186

     
strikes,
153
,
191

     
Turkey and,
59–61
,
388–389

     
willingness for war,
59–61

     
See also
Nicholas II
;
Russian mobilization
;
Sazonov, Sergei