July 1914: Countdown to War (67 page)
Read July 1914: Countdown to War Online
Authors: Sean McMeekin
Tags: #World War I, #Europe, #International Relations, #20th Century, #Modern, #General, #Political Science, #Military, #History
Russian mobilization
acceleration of,
220–221
alleging Austrian mobilization as cause of,
282–283
argument over significance of partial
vs
. general,
397
British knowledge of,
238–239
expected speed of,
149
as factor in cause of First World War,
395–396
,
397–398
French knowledge of,
262–263
,
264–265
French response to early,
290–296
general, significance of,
400
George V’s query regarding,
329–330
German intelligence on,
341
German knowledge of,
220–222
German response to,
214–217
,
266–267
,
286–290
Germans seeking confirmation of,
306–309
Grey on,
314–315
knowledge of among European nations,
213–214
Nicholas II and,
256
,
258–259
,
271
,
272
,
296–297
,
302
partial,
178–182
,
184–185
,
190
,
192–196
,
207–222
,
229–230
phases of,
208–209
Sazonov and case for general mobilization,
297–302
timetable revealed for Germans,
283
Russkii Invalid
(newspaper),
179
Russo-Ottoman War (1877–1878),
388
Said Halim, Pasha,
354
St. Vitus’s Day (Vidov Dan),
5–6
,
12
Salisbury, Lord,
73
Sanders, Liman von,
74
,
353
.
See also
Liman von Sanders affair
San Giuliano, Antonio,
328
Sazonov, Sergei,
51–53
anti-ultimatum ultimatum,
169–170
Austrian ultimatum and,
157–158
,
164
,
167–168
,
176–178
,
186–190
blaming Austrian mobilization for Russian mobilization,
282–283
chance meeting with Pourtalès,
209–210
Council of Ministers and,
182–185
deception to manipulate British response/policy,
247–248
deniability regarding Russian mobilization,
248–249
discussions with allies over mobilization,
194–196
fear of British dreadnoughts in Black Sea,
74–75
February war council and,
59
,
60–61
Franco-Russian summit and,
147
,
160
French support for plans,
257–258
,
259
general mobilization and,
271–273
,
303–304
,
305
German ultimatum to stop Russian mobilization and,
337–338
German warning against mobilization and,
270–271
information on Austrian intentions regarding Serbia and,
132–135
informing France regarding Russian mobilization,
293–295
issuing warnings to Austria,
168–169
making case for general mobilization,
297–302
meeting with Szapáry on Russian response to ultimatum,
210–214
on offensive against Constantinople,
389
photograph of,
52
readiness to enact mobilization and,
178–182
receipt of German declaration of war,
346–347
report on meeting with Szapáry,
219
response to assassination,
55
,
56–58
responsibility for First World War,
395
,
396
,
397
,
398
,
399
securing tsar’s support for mobilization,
258–259
support for military alliance with France,
54
Austrian ultimatum and,
176
Foreign Ministry diary of,
132
,
271
,
300–301
,
395
on likelihood of war,
178
on meeting between Sazonov and Paléologue,
257–258
on meeting between Sazonov and Pourtalès,
270
Russian warning to Austria and,
131–132
,
133
on Sazonov’s attempt to convince tsar to mobilize,
300
,
301
understanding that mobilization meant war,
398
Schlieffen, Alfred von,
268
Schoen, Willhelm von,
312
British offer of neutrality and,
345
declaration of war on France and,
370
French neutrality and,
333–334
meeting with Viviani on Russian and German mobilization,
320–321
relaying threat to invoke
Kriegsgefahr
,
268
suggestion that Austria modify its terms,
227
on Viviani as moderating influence,
228
,
240
Seeley, John,
70
Serbia
Austrian accusation of guilt in assassination,
120
Austrian arguments over annexation of,
140–141
Austrian declaration of war on,
396–397
,
400–401
Austrian ultimatum,
110–111
,
112–113
Austrian ultimatum, delivery of,
172–175
Austrian ultimatum, response to,
197–200
,
232–233
Hartwig and,
49–50
reaction to Hartwig’s death,
118–119
response at Kosovo Polje to news of assassination,
29
request for Russian support and advice,
185–186
responsibility for First World War,
390–391
Wilhelm II and,
84–85
Serbs
anger at annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina,
25
Franz Ferdinand and,
3–4
Franz Ferdinand’s visit to Sarajevo and,
5–6
planning assassination of Franz Ferdinand,
6–13
Shebeko, Nikolai,
125
,
129–130
,
157
,
168
,
213
,
219–220
,
245
Simon, John,
359
,
360
,
363
,
364
,
365
Smith, F. E.,
331–332
Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg,
1
,
2
,
3
,
5
,
12
,
15
,
20
,
44
,
79
Sophie (daughter of Franz Ferdinand),
2
Souchon, Wilhelm,
380–381
Srbobran
(newspaper),
6
Steed, Henry Wickham,
357
Stolypin, Peter,
53–54
Stolypin program,
53
Stürgkh, Karl,
31
,
108
,
109
,
111
,
137
,
140
Sukhomlinov, V. A.,
300
lies regarding mobilization,
221
,
228
mobilization orders and,
271
,
273
,
296
,
297
partial mobilization plan of,
178–179
Period Preparatory to War and,
193
,
196
,
208
photograph of,
274
plan for war for Ottoman Straits,
60
rejection of Serbian request for arms,
58–59
Sazonov placing blame for mobilization on,
347
on start of war,
404
understanding that mobilization meant war,
396
,
398
Sultan Osman I
,
74–75
,
315–316
,
381
,
388
,
389
as Austrian representative in Russia,
130
,
132–133
knowledge regarding Russian mobilization,
213
meeting with Sazonov on Russian response to ultimatum,
210–214
Poincaré and,
155–156
on Sazonov’s rejection of Austrian terms,
177
,
187
,
188
Szécsen, Count,
324–325
Austrian notes on response to Serbia and,
96–100
,
102
,
104
German support for action against Serbia and,
114–115
,
218
report that Germans want action against Serbia,
119–120
Taliban,
391
Tankositch, Voja,
7–8
,
106–107
,
120
,
197
,
391
Tanneberg, battle at,
383
Tatistchev (General),
301–302
Three Emperors League,
40