Authors: Michael Crichton
Tags: #Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures, #Fiction - Science Fiction, #Animals, #Clones and cloning, #TV Tie-Ins, #Dinosaurs, #Movie, #Juvenile Fiction, #Movie-TV Tie-In - General, #Juvenile Nonfiction, #General, #Science Fiction, #Science Fiction - General, #Adventure, #Technological, #Thrillers, #Media Tie-In - General, #Amusement parks, #Fiction, #Media Tie-In, #cloning
Jurassic Park (15 page)
It was a circular room, all white. There were some incubators of the kind used in hospital nurseries, but they were empty at the moment. Rags and toys were scattered across the floor. A young woman in a white coat was seated on the floor, her back to them.
"What've you got here today, Kathy?" Dr. Wu asked.
"Not much," she said. "Just a baby raptor."
"Let's have a look."
The woman got to her feet and stepped aside. Tim heard Nedry say, "It looks like a lizard."
The animal on the floor was about a foot and a half long, the size of a small monkey. It was dark yellow with brown stripes, like a tiger. It had a lizard's head and long snout, but it stood upright on strong hind legs, balanced by a thick straight tail. Its smaller front legs waved in the air. It cocked its head to one side and peered at the visitors staring down at it.
"Velociraptor," Alan Grant said, in a low voice.
"Velociraptor mongoliensis," Wu said, nodding. "A predator. This one's only six weeks old."
" I just excavated a raptor," Grant said, as he bent down for a closer look. Immediately the little lizard sprang up, leaping over Grant's head into Tim's arms.
"Hey!"
"They can jump," Wu said. "The babies can jump. So can the adults, as a matter of fact."
Tim caught the velociraptor and held it to him. The little animal didn't weigh very much, a pound or two. The skin was warm and completely dry. The little head was inches from Tim's face. Its dark, beady eyes stared at him. A small forked tongue flicked in and out.
"Will he hurt me?"
"No. She's friendly."
"Are you sure about that?" asked Gennaro, with a look of concern.
"Oh, quite sure," Wu said. "At least until she grows a little older. But, in any case, the babies don't have any teeth, even egg teeth."
"Egg teeth?" Nedry said.
"Most dinosaurs are born with egg teeth-little horns on the tip of the nose, like rhino horns, to help them break out of the eggs. But raptors aren't. They poke a hole in the eggs with their pointed snouts, and then the nursery staff has to help them out."
"You have to help them out," Grant said, shaking his head. "What happens in the wild?"
"In the wild?"
"When they breed in the wild," Grant said. "When they make a nest."
"Oh, they can't do that," Wu said. "None of our animals is capable of breeding. That's why we have this nursery. It's the only way to replace stock in Jurassic Park."
"Why can't the animals breed?"
"Well, as you can imagine, it's important that they not be able to breed," Wu said. "And whenever we faced a critical matter such as this, we designed redundant systems. That is, we always arranged at least two control procedures. In this case, there are two independent reasons why the animals can't breed. First of a they're sterile, because we irradiate them with X-rays."
"And the second reason?"
"All the animals in Jurassic Park are female," Wu said, with a pleased smile.
Malcolm said, "I should like some clarification about this. Because it seems to me that irradiation is fraught with uncertainty. The radiation dose may be wrong, or aimed at the wrong anatomical area of the animal-"
"All true," Wu said. "But we're quite confident we have destroyed gonadal tissue."
"And as for them all being female," Malcolm said, "is that checked? Does anyone go out and, ah, lift up the dinosaurs' skirts to have a look? I mean, how does one determine the sex of a dinosaur, anyway?"
"Sex organs vary with the species. It's easy to tell on some, subtle on others. But, to answer your question, the reason we know all the animals are female is that we literally make them that way: we control their chromosomes, and we control the intra-egg developmental environment. From a bioengineering standpoint, females are easier to breed. You probably know that all vertebrate embryos are inherently female. We all start life as females. It takes some kind of added effect-such as a hormone at the right moment during development-to transform the growing embryo into a male. But, left to its own devices, the embryo will naturally become female. So our animals are all female. We tend to refer to some of them as male-such as the Tyrannosaurus rex; we all call it a 'him'-but in fact, they're all female. And, believe me, they can't breed."
The little velociraptor sniffed at Tim, and then rubbed her head against Tim's neck. Tim giggled.
"She wants you to feed her," Wu said.
"What does she eat?"
"Mice. But she's just eaten, so we won't feed her again for a while."
The little raptor leaned back, stared at Tim, and wiggled her forearms again in the air. Tim saw the small claws on the three fingers of each hamd. Then the raptor burrowed her head against his neck again.
Grant came over, and peered critically at the creature. He touched the tiny three-clawed band. He said to Tim, "Do you mind?" and Tim released the raptor into his hands.
Grant flipped the animal onto its back, inspecting it, while the little lizard wiggled and squirmed. Then he lifted the animal high to look at its profile, and it screamed shrilly.
"She doesn't like that," Regis said. "Doesn't like to be held away from body contact. . . ."
The raptor was still screaming, but Grant paid no attention. Now he was squeezing the tail, feeling the bones. Regis said, "Dr. Grant. If you please."
"I'm not hurting her."
"Dr. Grant. These creatures are not of our world. They come from a time when there were no human beings around to prod and poke them."
"I'm not prodding and-"
"Dr. Grant. Put her down, " Ed Regis said.
"But-"
"Now. " Regis was starting to get annoyed.
Grant handed the animal back to Tim. It stopped squealing. Tim could feel its little heart beating rapidly against his chest.
"I'm sorry, Dr. Grant," Regis said. "But these animals are delicate in infancy. We have lost several from a postnatal stress syndrome, which we believe is adrenocortically mediated. Sometimes they die within five minutes."
Tim petted the little raptor. "It's okay, kid," he said. "Everything's fine now." The heart was still beating rapidly.
"We feel it is important that the animals here be treated in the most humane manner," Regis said. "I promise you that you will have every opportunity to examine them later."
But Grant couldn't stay away. He again moved toward the animal in Tim's arms, peering at it.
The little velociraptor opened her jaws and hissed at Grant, in a posture of sudden intense fury.
"Fascinating," Grant said.
"Can I stay and play with her?" Tim said.
"Not right now," Ed Regis said, glancing at his watch. "It's three o'clock, and it's a good time for a tour of the park itself, so you can see all the dinosaurs in the habitats we have designed for them."
Tim released the velociraptor, which scampered across the room, grabbed a cloth rag, put it in her mouth, and tugged at the end with her tiny claws.
Control
Walking back toward the control room, Malcolm said, "I have one more question, Dr. Wu. How many different species have you made so far?"
"I'm not exactly sure," Wu said. "I believe the number at the moment is fifteen. Fifteen species. Do you know, Ed?"
"Yes, it's fifteen," Ed Regis said, nodding.
"You don't know for sure?" Malcolm said, affecting astonishment.
Wu smiled. "I stopped counting," he said, "after the first dozen. And you have to realize that sometimes we think we have an animal correctly made-from the standpoint of the DNA, which is our basic work-and the animal grows for six months and then something untoward happens. And we realize there is some error. A releaser gene isn't operating. A hormone not being released. Or some other problem in the developmental sequence. So we have to go back to the drawing board with that animal, so to speak." He smiled. "At one time, I thought I had more than twenty species, But now, only fifteen."
"And is one of the fifteen species a-" Malcolm turned to Grant. "What was the name?"
"Procompsognathus, " Grant said.
"You have made some procompsognathuses, or whatever they're called?" Malcolm asked.
"Oh yes," Wu said immediately. "Compys are very distinctive animals. And, we made an unusually large number of them."
"Why is that?"
"Well, we want Jurassic Park to be as real an environment as possible-as authentic as possible-and the procompsognathids are actual scavengers from the Jurassic period. Rather like jackals. So we wanted to have the compys around to clean up."
"You mean to dispose of carcasses?"
"Yes, if there were any. But with only two hundred and thirty-odd animals in our total population, we don't have many carcasses," Wu said. "That wasn't the primary objective. Actually, we wanted the compys for another kind of waste management entirely."
"Which was?"
"Well," Wu said, "we have some very big herbivores on this island. We have specifically tried not to breed the biggest sauropods, but even so, we've got several animals in excess of thirty tons walking around out there, and many others in the five- to ten-ton area. That gives us two problems. One is feeding them, and in fact we must import food to the island every two weeks. There is no way an island this small can support these animals for any time.
"But the other problem is waste. I don't know if you've ever seen elephant droppings," Wu said, "but they are substantial. Each spoor is roughly the size of a soccer ball. Imagine the droppings of a brontosaur, ten times as large. Now imagine the droppings of a herd of such animals, as we keep here. And the largest animals do not digest their food terribly well, so that they excrete a great deal. And in the sixty million years since dinosaurs disappeared, apparently the bacteria that specialize in breaking down their feces disappeared, too. At least, the sauropod feces don't decompose readily."
"That's a problem," Malcolm said.
"I assure you it is," Wu said, not smiling. "We had a hell of a time trying to solve it. You probably know that in Africa there is a specific insect, the dung beetle, which eats elephant feces. Many other large species have associated creatures that have evolved to eat their excrement. Well, it turns out that compys will eat the feces of large herbivores and redigest it. And the droppings of compys are readily broken down by contemporary bacteria. So, given enough compys, our problem was solved."
"How many compys did you make?"
"I've forgotten exactly, but I think the target population was fifty animals. And we attained that, or very nearly so. In three batches. We did a batch every six months until we had the number."
"Fifty animals," Malcolm said, "is a lot to keep track of."
"The control room is built to do exactly that. They'll show you how it's done."
"I'm sure," Malcolm said. "But if one of these compys were to escape from the island, to get away .
"They can't get away."
"I know that, but just supposing one did . . ."
"You mean like the animal that was found on the beach?" Wu said, raising his eyebrows. "The one that bit the American girl?"
"Yes, for example."
"I don't know what the explanation for that animal is," Wu said. "But I know it can't possibly be one of ours, for two reasons. First, the control procedures: our animals are counted by computer every few minutes. If one were missing, we'd know at once."
"And the second reason?"
"The mainland is more than a hundred miles away. It takes almost a day to get there by boat. And in the outside world our animals will die within twelve hours," Wu said.
"How do you know?"
"Because I've made sure that's precisely what will occur," Wu said, finally showing a trace of irritation. "Look, we're not fools. We understand these are prehistoric animals. They are part of a vanished ecology-a complex web of life that became extinct millions of years ago. They might have no predators in the contemporary world, no checks on their growth. We don't want them to survive in the wild. So I've made them lysine dependent. I inserted a gene that makes a single faulty enzyme in protein metabolism. As a result, the animals cannot manufacture the amino acid lysine. They must ingest it from the outside. Unless they get a rich dietary source of exogenous lysine-supplied by us, in tablet form-they'll go into a coma within twelve hours and expire. These animals are genetically engineered to be unable to survive in the real world. They can only live here in Jurassic Park. They are not free at all. They are essentially our prisoners."
"Here's the control room," Ed Regis said. "Now that you know how the animals are made, you'll want to see the control room for the park itself, before we go out on the-"
He stopped. Through the thick glass window, the room was dark. The monitors were off, except for three that displayed spinning numbers and the image of a large boat.
"What's going on?" Ed Regis said. "Oh hell, they're docking."
"Docking?"
"Every two weeks, the supply boat comes in from the mainland. One of the things this island doesn't have is a good harbor, or even a good dock. It's a little hairy to get the ship in, when the seas are rough. Could be a few minutes." He rapped on the window, but the men inside paid no attention. "I guess we have to wait, then."
Ellie turned to Dr. Wu. "You mentioned before that sometimes you make an animal and it seems to be fine but, as it grows, it shows itself to be flawed. . . ."
"Yes," Wu said. "I don't think there's any way around that. We can duplicate the DNA, but there is a lot of timing in development, and we don't know if everything is working unless we actually see an animal develop correctly."
Grant said, "How do you know if it's developing correctly? No one has ever seen these animals before."