Authors: Roger Moorhouse

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⁷⁴Borodziej, op. cit., p. 75.

⁷⁵See Hans Frank,
Das Diensttagebuch des deutschen Gouverneurs in Polen 1939–45
(Stuttgart, 1975).

⁷⁶Lukas, op. cit., p. 92.

⁷⁷The snake or viper was a common Nazi metaphor in describing resistance to German occupation. It featured in a number of campaign badges, such as the Warsaw Shield and the Anti-Partisan Badge.

⁷⁸Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 197.

⁷⁹Ibid., p. 135.

⁸⁰Take, for example, the journey from Bad Polzin to Topolno on the Vistula and back to Plietnitz undertaken on 4 September 1939—a total of approximately 250 km.

⁸¹See the German
Wochenschau
newsreel covering the September Campaign held at the Imperial War Museum Film Archive, London.

⁸²Hoffmann, op. cit., pp. 136–37.

⁸³Ibid., p. 136.

⁸⁴Ibid., p. 137.

⁸⁵Interview with Ewa Klarner Huggins, granddaughter of Czesław Klarner, who was one of the hostages (5 December 2003).

⁸⁶Jan Nowak,
Courier from Warsaw
(London, 1982), p. 60.

⁸⁷Janina Karasiówna, “Pierwsze półrocze armii podziemnej SZP-ZWZ,” in
Niepodległość
, Vol. 1, 1948; see also
Dziennik Polski, 7
September 2003, p. 5.

⁸⁸Nowak, op. cit., p. 60.

⁸⁹Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 224.

⁹⁰Albert Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
(London, 1970), p. 40ln.

⁹¹F. Siedler and D. Zeigert,
Die Führerhauptquartiere. Anlagen und Planungen im Zweiten Weltkrieg
(Munich, 2001), p. 350.

⁹²N. Cameron and R. H. Stevens (trans.),
Hitler’s Table Talk 1941–1944
(London, 1953), p. 340.

⁹³Christa Schroeder,
Er war mein Chef
(Munich, 1985), p. 112.

⁹⁴See map 32c in Hoffmann, op. cit., pp. 222–23.

⁹⁵E. Korpalski, J. Szynkowski, and G. Wünsche,
Das Führerhauptquartier im Bild und in Errinerungen von Zeitzeugen
(Kętrzyn, 2004), p. 28.

⁹⁶Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 229.

⁹⁷Bruno Dreyer quoted in Korpalski et al., op. cit., p. 183.

⁹⁸Ibid., p. 29.

⁹⁹Speer, op. cit., p. 526.

¹⁰⁰See Ron Jeffrey,
Red Runs the Vistula
(Auckland, 1985).

¹⁰¹U. Neumärker, R. Conrad, and C. Woywodt,
Wolfschanze: Hitler’s Machtzentrale im II Weltkrieg
(Berlin, 2000), p. 71.

¹⁰²Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 67.

¹⁰³Traudl Junge,
Bis zur letzten Stunde
(Munich, 2002), p. 59.

¹⁰⁴Bór-Komorowski, op. cit., p. 153.

¹⁰⁵Krzysztof Komorowski,
Konspiracja Pomorska 1939–1947—Leksykon
(Gdańsk, 1993), pp. 94–96.

¹⁰⁶See Zygmunt August Sikorski,
Jan Kazimierz Szalewski—dzieje pomorskiego patrioty
(Gdańsk, 1996), pp. 61–67.

¹⁰⁷Deposition of Jan Szalewski, ps. “Sobół-Sable,” ref: M-14/623 POM in Fun-dacja Archiwum Muzeum Pomorskie Armii Krajowej oraz Wojskowej Służby Polek w Toruniu, Torun, Poland.

¹⁰⁸See the account of Jan Szalewski, who led one of the units in the attack, as retold in Majewski, op. cit., p. 6.

¹⁰⁹Jan Szalewski, “Zamach na Hitlera,” in
Głos Nauczycielski
, No. 29, 1974.

¹¹⁰See Majewski, op. cit., p. 6.

¹¹¹Sikorski, op. cit., p. 66.

¹¹²Konrad Ciechanowski,
Ruch oporu na Pomorzu Gdańskim 1939–1945
(Warsaw, 1972), p. 132.

¹¹³Letter from the Danzig Abwehr from 27 September 1944, reproduced in Sikorski, op. cit., p. 66.

¹¹⁴See, for example, Leon Lubecki,
Ruch oporu na Pomorzu Gdańskim w latach 1939–1945
(Gdansk, 1961), p. 59.

¹¹⁵National Archive, London, HS6/624, Appendix 4.

¹¹⁶Hoffmann, op. cit., p. xxviii.

¹¹⁷Komorowski, op. cit., pp. 164–65.

¹¹⁸Ibid., p. 96.

¹¹⁹Piotr Stachiewicz,
Parasol
(Warsaw, 1981), p. 628.

¹²⁰See Davies,
Rising
, Chapter VII.

¹²¹Komorowski, op. cit., pp. 164–65.

¹²²See personnel file of Franciszek Niepokólczycki, ps. “Theodore,” SPP ref: TP3/5920/2.

¹²³Dariusz Baliszewski, “Polski Zamach na Hitlera,” in
Newsweek Polska
, 04/2002.

Chapter 5

¹National Archive (London) [hereafter NA], FO371/32878/N1688, British Embassy, Moscow, to Foreign Office, 30 March 1942.

²Statistics from Gerd Ueberschär, “Barbarossa,” in I. C. B. Dear (ed.),
The Oxford Companion to the Second World War
(Oxford, 1995), pp. 109–13.

³Quoted in Max Domarus,
Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen
, Vol. II (Wiesbaden, 1973), p. 1732.

⁴Alexander Werth,
Russia at War: 1941–45
(London, 1964), p. 159.

⁵Von Hardesty,
Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power, 1941–45
(Washington, DC, 1982), p. 11.

⁶See John Erickson,
The Road to Stalingrad
(London, 1975), p. 87.

⁷Simon Sebag Montefiore,
Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar
(London, 2003), p. 323.

⁸Werth, op. cit., p. 181.

⁹Montefiore, op. cit., pp. 330–31 and footnote.

¹⁰Quoted in Constantine Pleshakov,
Stalin’s Folly
(London, 2005), p. 91.

¹¹1See, for instance, Viktor Suvorov,
Icebreaker: Who Started the Second World War?
(London, 1990).

¹²Quoted in Alan Bullock,
Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives
(London, 1991), p. 389.

¹³Quoted in Werth, op. cit., pp. 164–68.

¹⁴Montefiore, op. cit., p. 221.

¹⁵Anne Applebaum,
Gulag
(London, 2003), p. 123.

¹⁶Montefiore, op. cit., p. 219.

¹⁷Ibid., p. 222.

¹⁸Robert Conquest,
The Great Terror—A Reassessment
(London, 1990), p. 235.

¹⁹Montefiore, op. cit., p. 240.

²⁰Mark Frankland,
Khrushchev
(London, 1966), p. 47.

²¹Montefiore, op. cit., p. 283.

²²Michael Parrish,
The Lesser Terror
(Westport, CT, 1996), p. 57.

²³See, for instance, Robert Conquest, “Playing Down the Gulag,” in
The Times Literary Supplement
, 24 February 1995.

²⁴Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin,
The Mitrokhin File
(London, 2000 edition), p. 91.

²⁵Ibid., p. 117.

²⁶Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky,
KGB: The Inside Story of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev
(London, 1990), pp. 128–29.

²⁷Andrew and Mitrokhin, op. cit., p. 105.

²⁸See W.G. Krivitsky,
In Stalin’s Secret Service
(New York, 2000).

²⁹Andrew and Gordievsky, op. cit., pp. 125–26.

³⁰Quoted in Isaac Don Levine,
The Mind of an Assassin
(London, 1959), p. 125.

³¹Andrew and Mitrokhin, op. cit., p. 116.

³²Ibid., p. 92.

³³Some accounts maintain that Foote’s plan was hatched in 1938; however, a
close reading of his memoirs makes it clear that it took place in 1939. See Alexander Foote,
Handbook for Spies
(London, 1949), pp. 30–35.