Madrigals Magic Key to Spanish (152 page)

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Authors: Margarita Madrigal

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BOOK: Madrigals Magic Key to Spanish
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PAST
PERFECT
SUBJUNCTIVE

The past perfect subjunctive is used in the following construction:

I WOULD HAVE______________IF I HAD______________

HUBIERA______________SI HUBIERA______________

   
EXAMPLES
:

  1. I would have known the lesson if I had studied.
    Hubiera sabido la lección si hubiera estudiado.
  2. I would have spoken Spanish if I had studied.
    Hubiera hablado español si hubiera estudiado.
  3. I would have gone to Mexico if I had had time.
    Hubiera ido a México si hubiera tenido tiempo.

Notice that the Spanish translation is:

I WOULD HAVE________IF I HAD________

HUBIERA________SI HUBIERA________

The order of this construction may be reversed.

IF I HAD________I WOULD HAVE________

SI HUBIERA________HUBIERA________

   
EXAMPLES
:

  1. If I had
    studied
    , I would have
    known the lesson
    .
    Si hubiera estudiado, hubiera sabido la lección.
  2. If I had
    studied
    , I would have
    spoken Spanish
    .
    Si hubiera estudiado, hubiera hablado español.
  3. If I had
    had time
    , I would have
    gone to Mexico
    .
    Si hubiera tenido tiempo, hubiera ido a México.
  4. If we had
    had time
    , we would have
    gone to Mexico
    .
    Si hubiéramos tenido tiempo, hubiéramos ido a México.
  5. If they had
    studied
    , they would have
    spoken Spanish
    .
    Si hubieran estudiado, hubieran hablado español.
SENTENCE-FORMING
EXERCISES

Combine the words below in different ways to form as many sentences as you can. Be sure to use words from each of the four groups in every sentence you form.

A

1
2
  HUBIERA (
I, you, he, she would have
)
ido (
gone
)
estudiado (
studied
)
  HUBIÉRAMOS (
We would have
)
terminado (
finished
)
escrito (
written
)
HUBIERAN (
They would have
)
3
4
   SI HUBIERA (
if I, you, he, she had
)
tenido un auto (
had a car
)
tenido tiempo (
had time
)
   SI HUBIÉRAMOS (
If we had
)
podido (
been able to
)
sabido (
known
)
SI HUBIERAN (
if they had
)
 

B

1
2
   SI HUBIERA (
If I, you, he, she had
)
tenido un auto (
had a car
)
tenido tiempo (
had time
)
   SI HUBIÉRAMOS (
If we had
)
podido (
been able to
)
sabido (
known
)
SI HUBIERAN (
If they had
)
 
3
4
   HUBIERA (
I, you, he, she would have
)
ido (
gone
)
estudiado (
studied
)
   HUBIERAMOS (
we would have
)
terminado (
finished
)
escrito (
written
)
HUBIERAN (
they would have
)
 
EXERCISE IN TRANSLATION

Translate the following sentences into Spanish.

  1. I would have gone if I had had a car.
  2. He would have gone if he had been able to.
  3. We would have gone if we had had a car.
  4. They would have gone if they had been able to.
  5. He would have studied if he had had time.
  6. They would have studied if they had had time.
  7. He would have finished if he had had time.
  8. We would have written if we had known.
  9. I would have finished if I had had time.
  10. I would have written if I had been able to.
  11. If I had had a car, I would have gone.
  12. If we had had time, we would have studied.
  13. If they had known, they would have written.
  14. If they had had time, they would have studied.

Check your sentences with the translations below.

  1. Hubiera ido si hubiera tenido un auto.
  2. Hubiera ido si hubiera podido.
  3. Hubiéramos ido si hubiéramos tenido un auto.
  4. Hubieran ido si hubieran podido.
  5. Hubiera estudiado si hubiera tenido tiempo.
  6. Hubieran estudiado si hubieran tenido tiempo.
  7. Hubiera terminado si hubiera tenido tiempo.
  8. Hubiéramos escrito si hubiéramos sabido.
  9. Hubiera terminado si hubiera tenido tiempo.
  10. Hubiera escrito si hubiera podido.
  11. Si hubiera tenido un auto, hubiera ido.
  12. Si hubiéramos tenido tiempo, hubiéramos estudiado.
  13. Si hubieran sabido, hubieran escrito.
  14. Si hubieran tenido tiempo, hubieran estudiado.
RADICAL
CHANGING VERBS I, II, III

RADICAL CHANGING VERBS II

here are some verbs in which the letter “e” changes to “i” in the stem (root, body) of the verb.

PRESENT TENSE

SERVIR,
to serve

The “e” changes to “i” except in the first person plural.

THE FIRST PERSON PLURAL DOES NOT CHANGE.

WRITTEN EXERCISE

In the present tense of the following verbs the letter “e” changes to “i,” except in the first person plural.

  1. Write out the present tense of each verb. Write the verbs in four columns as shown under “
    PRESENT TENSE
    ” below.
  2. Check your columns with those in the book.

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