Massacre in West Cork (34 page)

3
These were a solicitor, a chemist, a retired draper, five farmers, a farm labourer, an ex-soldier, a postal worker, an invalid, an unemployed youth and four soldiers. The retired draper, James Buttimer, was an ‘ex-naval man’, according to the
Cork Examiner
, but as yet there is no other evidence for this:
Cork Examiner
, 28 April 1922, p. 3, col. 2. For accuracy, one of the soldiers killed in Macroom was Roman Catholic.

4
Hart (1998), p. 274.

5
According to the
Cork Constitution
, there were three raiders, one of whom put her out of the house.

6
‘Four victims’,
The Irish Times
, 2 May 1922, p. 5; the
Cork Examiner
report is more detailed and also mentions a third raider.

7
According to the
Cork Constitution
, 1 May 1922, p. 5, the three Roman Catholic clergy in Clonakilty made a point of attending the funeral, which was extraordinary as Roman Catholics were banned by their own church from attending services in Protestant churches.

8
Southern Star
, 29 April 1922, p. 5, cols 2, 3.

9
‘West Cork tragedies’,
Southern Star
, 6 May 1922, p. 6.

10
Linge, J., 1994, ‘British Forces and Irish Freedom: Anglo Irish defence relations 1922–1931’, PhD thesis, University of Stirling.

11
Moore, H. K., 1930,
Reminiscences and Reflections from Some Sixty Years of Life in Ireland
(London, Longmans, Green and Co.), pp. 275, 278–9. Moore also says that besides the Dunmanway killings there was little sectarianism in the south.

12
Macardle, D., 1968,
The Irish Republic
(London, Corgi), p. 705.

13
In 1908 the Roman Catholic Church issued a decree stating that if a Roman Catholic married someone of another religion, then all the children had to be raised as Roman Catholics. A 1910 Belfast case decided this was a contractual obligation for the non-Roman Catholic.

14
‘An Irishman’s diary’,
The Irish Times
, 9 January 1990. To add to the confusion, there were two people called Sonny Crowley: Sonny Dave, who fought at Kilmichael, and Denis ‘Sonny’ Crowley of Kilbrittain. Lest there be any doubt: see Deasy (1973), p. 66.

15
Coogan, T. P., 1992,
The Man who Made Ireland: the life and death of Michael Collins
(Niwot, Colo, Roberts Rinehart), p. 391.

16
In the preface of
The IRA and Its Enemies
, Hart acknowledges the assistance of, among others, Kevin Myers.

17
The thesis on the Dunmanway killings is best summarised in Hart (1998), pp. 290–1. Much of the evidence used to support the argument on those pages is not accurate.

18
See the
Southern Star
, 13 September 1920, for a discussion of how some Roman Catholics viewed their Protestant neighbours. A Labour Party meeting had been called to set up a Belfast Distress Fund, and as no Protestant had attended there were a few veiled threats as to what might happen if they were not seen to take part in the ‘revolution against the usurper’.

19
Hart (1998), p. 288.

20
Ibid
., p. 314.

21
I myself dismissed the early criticism of Hart, as I assumed it was exaggerated.

22
Murphy mentioned this in his first review of
The IRA and Its Enemies
, but because it was published in the somewhat obscure
Month: Review of Christian Thought and World Affairs
this did not get the reaction it should have: Murphy, B., 1998, ‘
The I.R.A and Its Enemies:
a review article’,
Month: Review of Christian Thought and World Affairs
31, pp. 381–3. See also Murphy, B., 2005, ‘Peter Hart: the issue of sources’,
Irish Political Review
20, no. 7, July, pp. 10–11. Available at:
http://www.indymedia.ie/attachments/aug2005/brianmurphyiprarticle.pdf
(accessed 18 July 2013).

23
Hart (1998), pp. 285, 305. Hart also stated in a 1993 publication: ‘It might be suggested that Protestants and ex-soldiers were naturally hostile to the IRA and more likely to be working with the police or military, and to be shot. This was not so. The authorities obtained little information from either group [Protestants and ex-soldiers] and, in fact, by far the greatest damage was done by people within the organisation or their relatives’; Hart, P., 1993, ‘Class, Community and the Irish Republican Army, 1917–1923’, in O’Flanagan, P., Buttimer, C. G. and O’Brien, G. (eds),
Cork: history and society
(Dublin, Geography Publications), p. 979. ‘It is a satisfactory feature that information is being increasingly given by well disposed persons – who see a hope of escape from the Sinn Féin terrorization.’ National Archives, Kew, CAB/24/118, General Nevil Macready, 15 January 1921.

24
In addition to Brian Murphy and Meda Ryan, whom the main text has mentioned, John Regan, Niall Meehan, Pádraig Óg Ó Ruairc, John Borgonovo, Joost Augusteijn and John Dorney are listed on Indymedia:
http://www.indymedia.ie/openwire?search_text=Peter+Hart&x=-1235&y=
(accessed 18 July 2013) and there are more.

25
National Archives, Kew, WO 141/93, ‘Record of the rebellion in Ireland 1920–1921’.

26
Hart (1998), p. 305.

27
Ryan, M., 2007, ‘The Kilmichael Ambush: exploring the “Provocative Chapters”’,
History
92, no. 306, pp. 235–49.

28
Murphy, B. and Meehan, N., 2008,
Troubled History: a 10th anniversary critique of Peter Hart’s The IRA and Its Enemies
(Millstreet: Aubane Historical Society), pp. 21–8. Available at
http://gcd.academia.edu/NiallMeehan/Books/75341/Troubled_History-a_tenth_anniversary_Critique_of_Peter_Harts_The_IRA_and_its_Enemies
(accessed 5 July 2013).

29
At least I found them difficult to follow.

30
See Regan, J. M., 2012, ‘The “Bandon Valley massacre” as a historical problem’,
History
97, no. 325, pp. 70–98.

31
The entire debate, including David Fitzpatrick’s (2012b) article in
History Ireland
, has been placed on academica.edu by John Regan:
http://dundee.academia.edu/johnregan/Papers/1622199/_Dr_Regan_and_Mr_Snide_Professor_David_Fitzpatricks_response_to_Regans_The_Two_Histories_Dr_Jeykl_and_Mr_Hyde_plus_other_letters_re_Peter_Hart_Bandon
(accessed 18 July 2013).

32
Fitzpatrick, D., 2012b, ‘Dr. Regan and Mr. Snide’,
History Ireland
20, no. 3, May/June, pp. 12–13.

33
Keane, B., 2013a, ‘The Dunmanway killings – murder, myths and misinformation – Protestant decline in Cork 1911–1926 in context’:
http://www.academia.edu/1862050/The_Dunmanway_killings-_murders_myths_and_misinformation-_Protestant_decline_in_Cork_1911-1926_in_context
; Keane, B., 2013b, ‘Protestant Cork decline 1911–1926: murders, mistakes, myths, and misinformation, updated 14 April 2013’:
https://sites.google.com/site/protestantcork191136/home/protestant-cork-decline-1911-1926-murders-mistakes-myths-and-misinformation-updated-25th-july-2012
. Both articles cover the same ground but have slight differences.

34
Hart (1998), pp. 290–1.

35
All oral history is expected to be deposited in a repository to be accepted as historical documents. I do not know which institution is the holder of the Peter Hart archive.

36
Murphy (2010), pp. 192–4. He spells Jagoe without the e.

37
‘Cork Cloyne and Ross report’,
Church of Ireland Gazette
, 24 February 1922, p. 110, col. 3; Murphy (2010), p. 193, mentions a similar report in the Cork Constitution; correspondence with Gerard Murphy.

38
Cork Examiner, 1 May 1922, p. 3;
Southern Star
, 6 May 1922. See Lane J., 2012,
The Dunmanway Killings Curiouser and Curiouser
… (Millstreet, Aubane Historical Society). To declare my interest: in its role as the local history society, Aubane published
The Bard
(2012), my biography of my great-grandfather who was one of Millstreet’s heroes in the Land War between 1881 and 1891.

39
BMH WS 812, Patrick O’Brien, p. 19; Piers de Havilland was a member of the Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians), so was a brother officer of Herbert Woods: National Archives, Kew, WO 339/13124, ‘Major Piers de Havilland. The Prince of Wales’s Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians)’.

40
‘The third battalion – inheriting the spirit of Fenianism’,
Southern Star
, 27 November 1971, p. 6, cols 5–6.

41
There were many lists. See also Cork City and County Archives, Siobhán Langford papers, CCCAU169/B/(iv) 31/10/21, ‘To OC 5th Batt. From O/C Intelligence 5th Batt (6): “Urgent Please furnish not later than 3rd Nov. a complete list of all loyalists in your district male and female with addresses distinguishing those prepared to remove to England for a time should hostilities be renewed.” ’

42
Cork City and County Archives, Siobhán Langford papers, CCCAU 169/21-30 2/6/1921.

43
National Library of Ireland, Florence O’Donoghue papers, Ms. 31,215 intelligence officer report, 3rd Cork Brigade No. 7/21 enemy agents, 1) Mrs Beamish, Main Street, Dunmanway; 2) R. J. Helen, Sovereign Street, Clonakilty; 3) Buttimer J., [Sovereign St.]; 4) J. Cullinane, 5) Annie O’Mahony, Lamb Street, Clonakilty; Hart (1998), p. 304, references a July 1921 West Cork intelligence report in the Mulcahy papers but does not discuss it; Hamel, P., 2004, ‘The Buttimers of Dereen’:
http://home.alphalink.com.au/~datatree/wolf%2034.htm
(accessed 1 June 2013); National Archives of Ireland, Census of Ireland 1901 & 1911 for Sovereign Street, Clonakilty:
http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1901/Cork/Clonakilty_Urban/Sovereign_Street/1096242/
(accessed 1 June 2013).