Mistress of the Vatican (74 page)

118, 184, 212, 233–35, 269, 270, 275, 282–83, 309, 312, 318, 319, 320–21, 328, 349, 360, 364, 384, 389, 417
Holy Cross, 269, 351
holy doors, 260–63, 275, 288, 344
Holy Jubilee Year (1650), 257–73, 274, 281,

282, 288
holy medals, 261–63, 280, 288
Holy Roman Emperor, 16, 47–48, 63, 86,

284, 351, 374
Holy Sacrament, 13, 57, 105, 230, 265, 360,

385
Holy See, 69, 72–73, 118, 120, 147, 185, 204,

227, 235–36, 245, 285, 336, 367, 371 Holy Spirit, 90, 120, 129, 130–31, 254,

372, 375
Holy Week, 264–65 homosexuality, 83–84, 250, 303–4 Hospital of St. James, 168 Hospital of St. John, 399 Huguenots, 269
Huy, Lambert di, 80–81

Ignatius of Loyola, Saint, 242, 296
Il Barco hunting lodge, 329–30
Index of Prohibited Books, 46, 69, 89 indulgences, 246–52, 257–73, 304 Innocent III, Pope, 12, 355
Innocent IV, Pope, 93
Innocent VIII, Pope, 137–38, 175 Innocent X, Pope, 137–370
apartments of, 142, 155, 165–73, 232–33,

355–63
architectural projects of, 147, 164, 190–95,

199, 210, 237, 243, 252–59, 265, 295, 327–28, 367, 389, 406, 417 audience chambers of, 92–93, 95,

100–101, 165
as bachelor, 39–40, 58–59, 62–63, 129,

137–38, 201–2, 213, 228
bread shortages and, 218–20, 225, 227–32,

245, 246, 255, 281, 353, 384, 387
burial of, 366–70, 390, 409–10
as canon lawyer, 39, 59–61, 64, 65, 96, 264 as cardinal, 63, 70, 77, 78, 85–97, 100,

104, 106, 107–8, 110, 111, 114, 116, 120, 121–34, 140, 285
as cardinal
in pectore,
77, 78
cardinal nephews of, 150, 152–56, 172,

180, 182, 186–89, 194–206, 216, 274–83, 284, 286, 287, 296–302, 303, 310, 326, 328–29, 336–43, 368, 369, 390;
see also
Astalli-Pamphili, Camillo; Maidalchini, Francesco; Pamphili, Camillo cardinals created by, 180–81, 185, 206,

211, 213–16, 249, 299, 301–2, 305–7, 322, 323, 330, 344–47, 358, 359–60;
see also
specific cardinals
Camillo’s relationship with, 141, 150,

152–56, 172, 180, 202–6, 221, 225–26, 268, 273, 289–90, 297, 307, 310, 314, 317, 327, 332–33, 349–50, 353, 358, 359, 363, 367, 368–70, 390
Castro war of, 115, 182, 183–84, 193,

245–46, 313, 338
ceremonial duties of, 91–95
coat of arms of, 62, 164, 254, 259, 273, 276,

281, 341, 407
congregations of, 89–91, 96, 97, 100 coronation of, 142–43, 149–52, 171, 370 correspondence of, 76–80, 106, 185–86,

336, 338–40

[ 443 ]

Index

Innocent X (
cont’d
)
corrupt officials of, 154–55, 171–73,

182–86, 246–52, 302–9, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314–15, 332, 336–43, 349, 384–89, 412–13
death of, 280, 334, 342, 343, 344, 347, 350,

355, 356, 357–58, 360–66, 407
election of, 132–34, 137–39, 197, 246, 297 enemies of, 120, 121, 124, 125, 128,

129–30, 131, 133, 134, 179–86, 302–9
etiquette observed by, 87–88, 91–95,

100–101
family relations of, 274–81, 288–90, 296,

299, 302, 307, 310, 316, 321, 327, 330, 332–33, 349–50, 358–59, 363, 367–68;
see also
Pamphili family
French influence on, 179–84, 211–12, 214,

216–18, 219, 220, 221–22, 267, 276, 298, 301, 338, 339
funeral of, 366–68
garments worn by, 87, 93–94, 138, 149,

151, 166
health of, 128, 205, 221, 222, 225, 232–33,

236, 293, 297, 311, 312, 328, 330, 334, 350–63
Jubilee Year of (1650), 257–73, 274, 281,

282, 288
in Madrid, 75, 82, 83, 85, 87, 124, 285 Mascambruno scandal of, 302–9, 310, 311,

312, 313, 386, 388
medals with image of, 284–85, 321 military forces of, 115, 182, 183–84,

188, 190–91, 193, 218–20, 245–46, 313, 338–43
as monsignor, 58–71, 74–77, 78, 83, 85, 87,

124, 140, 285
motto of, 151
name of, 137–38
in Naples, 65, 66–71, 74
Naples expedition of, 338–43
nobility of, 40–43
Olimpia’s relationship with (as cardinal),

78, 96–97, 104, 106, 107–8, 110, 111, 114, 116, 120, 140
Olimpia’s relationship with (as monsignor), 58–65, 66, 70–71, 75–77 Olimpia’s relationship with (as pope),

1, 4, 137–38, 141, 150–51, 166, 168–73, 182–83, 186, 189, 201–4, 213–17, 218, 221, 224, 225–26, 228–32, 237–38, 244–45, 249–52, 268–69, 271–73,

275–90, 293–95, 297, 308–9, 310, 314–22, 328–30, 332–43, 348, 351–53, 364, 368–70, 387–88, 409–10
palazzi of, 87–88, 140, 221
papal briefs of, 349
papal bulls of, 234–35, 303–5, 320
as papal candidate, 65, 97, 100, 111, 114,

116, 117–34, 137–39, 140, 153, 179, 182, 197, 246, 285, 297
papal conclave for (1644), 117–34, 137–39,

153, 179, 182, 197, 246, 285, 297
as papal envoy, 74–75, 83
as papal nuncio, 63–64, 65, 66–71, 74, 75,

76–77, 78, 85, 87, 124, 140, 285
in Paris, 74–75, 83
personality of, 59–60, 64, 95–97, 111, 128–29, 182–83, 213, 218, 224, 264, 267–68, 275–81, 285–86, 293–94, 313–14 petitions for, 168–69, 188, 251–52, 318,

362
physical appearance of, 59–60, 62, 95–96,

128, 267–68, 283
political influence of, 61–62, 233–35, 236 portraits of, 95–96, 218, 267–68
possesso
ceremony for, 156–60 proclamation of, 138–39
at Quirinal Palace, 232–33, 270, 277,

278–79, 280, 286, 287, 289, 307, 317, 318, 319, 330, 340–41, 343–44, 349–50, 351, 353, 355–63, 366, 386–87
reign of (1644–1655), 2, 3–6, 83, 137–370 reputation of, 76–77, 89, 93, 95–97,

100–101, 111–12, 117–34, 184, 228, 230–32, 245–46, 254–55, 271–73, 281–90, 304, 308–9, 310, 311, 318, 328, 335, 348–49, 363–66
servants of, 87, 101, 121–22, 141, 142, 166,

355, 360–61, 364, 365
sexual relations of, 62–63, 129, 137–38,

201–2, 213, 228
Spanish influence on, 123–25, 181, 185,

211, 216, 217–20, 225, 227, 267, 298, 301, 338–43, 349–50
tiara worn by, 151, 284
titles of, 88–89
tomb of, 312–13, 351, 413
Velázquez’s portrait of, 267–68
in Viterbo, 328–30
wealth of, 78, 85, 87, 101, 106, 107, 152–53,

182, 273, 386
will of, 152–53, 273 Innocent XI, Pope, 345

[ 444 ]

Index

Innocent XII, Pope, 415
Inquisition, 26, 27, 89–91, 98–100, 266, 267,

303, 306, 366 Iphigenia, 35, 332

James I, King of England, 247–48 Jansen, Cornelius, 320
Jansenists, 320
Jerusalem, 145, 241, 263
Jesuits, 59, 229–30, 235, 295–96, 320–21,

348–49, 399, 416
Jesus Christ, 13, 19, 34–35, 57, 82, 90, 93,

118, 125, 144, 145, 173, 191, 195, 236, 240, 241, 263, 264–65, 320, 350, 415
Jews, 50, 56, 90, 94, 106–7, 141, 158,

235–36, 238, 241, 261, 269, 353, 402 Joan, Pope, 3, 159, 170, 419
John, Gospel of, 90
John IV, King of Portugal, 114, 218 John XI, Pope, 127
John XXII, Pope, 80–81
John XXIII, Pope, 137
John of Austria, 219, 225
John the Baptist, Saint, 34, 225, 240, 289 Joseph of Cupertino, 266
Joshua, 98
Joyce, James, 1
Jubilee Year (1650), 257–73, 274, 281,

282, 288
Julius Caesar
(Shakespeare), 52, 348 Julius II, Pope, 146, 165, 175, 258–59

Katharine, Queen of Aragon, 384 King of the Defecators, 56, 264 Kircher, Athanasius, 398

Ladislas, King of Poland, 92
Lanci, Carlo Maria, 387
Lante, Marcello, 262
Last Judgment
(Michelangelo), 129
Lent, 56, 57, 93, 344
Leo IX, Pope, 175
Leo X, Pope, 127, 149, 159
Leo XIII, Pope, 415
Leopold of Austria, 95
Leti, Gregorio, 4–5, 13–14, 43, 52, 61, 64,

76–77, 82, 85, 95, 97, 107–8, 109, 112, 120, 125, 128, 134, 141, 169, 171, 186–87, 188, 190, 200, 203, 213–14, 215, 274–76, 279, 285, 323, 332–35, 339, 345–46, 353, 354, 355, 363, 367, 375, 381, 385, 396, 407, 412, 413, 414–15 Linus, Pope, 126
Longinus, 241
Louis XIII, King of France, 74, 81, 84 Louis XIV, King of France, 5, 81, 123, 124,

179–80, 181, 184, 235, 298, 378 Lucca, 172, 180
Ludovisi, Alessandro,
see
Gregory XV,

Pope
Ludovisi, Costanza Pamphili, 75, 108,

153–54, 181, 190, 227, 275, 279, 297, 305, 318, 323, 333, 403, 405
Ludovisi, Niccolò, 153–54, 181, 185,

190–91, 205, 206, 215, 227, 253, 267, 275, 279, 294, 297, 305, 310, 314, 316–17, 318, 319, 323, 333, 349, 350, 358, 367, 369, 371, 388
Ludovisi, Olimpia, 333
Lugo, Juan de, 134
Luke, Saint, 145
Lunadoro, Girolamo, 152
Luther, Katharina von Bora, 22
Luther, Martin, 14, 22, 90–91, 98, 165, 167,

175, 176, 234, 240, 241, 349 Lutherans, 202, 233–34, 282, 348–49,

356–57, 366, 389, 391 Lützen, battle of (1632), 349

Macbeth
(Shakespeare), 409 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 66, 331, 336, 414 Maculano, Vincenzo, 344, 373, 375, 376,

377–78
Maderno, Carlo, 192
Madrid, 75, 82, 83, 85, 87, 124, 285
maestro di casa
(butler), 33, 55, 100, 106–7,

327, 334
Magnoni, Vantino, 130
Maidalchini, Andrea, 10, 11, 12, 23, 71,

163, 229, 246, 276, 329
Maidalchini, Caterina, 276, 341 Maidalchini, Francesco, 213–17, 262–63,

274–77, 279, 280, 281, 288, 294, 297, 324, 328–29, 334, 343, 344, 345–46, 370–71, 374–75, 387, 413–14
Maidalchini, Olimpia,
see
Pamphili, Olim-pia Maidalchini
Maidalchini, Ortensia, 17, 19, 23, 30,

34–35, 72, 329, 415–16 Maidalchini, Sforza, 3, 9–12, 14, 17–28,