Mrs. Dalloway (Annotated) (3 page)

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Authors: Virginia Woolf

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1916       
Woolf discovers Charleston, where her sister, Vanessa (no longer living with her husband, Clive), moves in October with her sons, Julian and Quentin, and Duncan Grant (with whom she is in love) and David Garnett (with whom Duncan is in love).
Easter Rising in Dublin. Death of Henry James (b. 1843).
Albert Einstein,
General Theory of Relativity
; James Joyce,
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
; Dorothy Richardson,
Backwater
.
 
 
 
 
1917       
The Hogarth Press established by Leonard and Virginia Woolf in Richmond. Their first publication is their own
Two Stories
, with woodcuts by Dora Carrington (1893–1932).
Russian Bolshevik Revolution destroys the rule of the czar. The United States enters the European war.
T. S. Eliot,
Prufrock and Other Observations
; Sigmund Freud,
Introduction to Psychoanalysis
; Carl Jung,
The Unconscious
; Dorothy Richardson,
Honeycomb
; W. B. Yeats,
The Wild Swans at Coole
.
 
 
 
 
1918       
Woolf meets T. S. Eliot (1888–1965). Harriet Shaw Weaver comes to tea with the manuscript of James Joyce's
Ulysses
. Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant's daughter, Angelica Garnett, born; her paternity is kept secret from all but a very few intimates.
Armistice signed November 11; Parliamentary Reform Act gives votes in Britain to women of thirty and older and to all men.
G. M. Hopkins,
Poems
; James Joyce,
Exiles
; Katherine Mansfield,
Prelude
(Hogarth Press); Marcel Proust,
À
l'ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs
; Lytton Strachey,
Eminent Victorians
; Rebecca West,
The Return of the Soldier
.
 
 
 
 
1919       
The Woolfs buy Monk's House in Sussex. Woolf's second novel,
Night and Day
, is published by Duckworth. Her essay “Modern Novels” (republished in 1925 as “Modern Fiction”) appears in the
Times Literary Supplement; Kew Gardens
published by Hogarth Press.
Bauhaus founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar. Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act opens many professions and public offices to women. Election of first woman member of parliament, Nancy Astor. Treaty of Versailles imposes harsh conditions on postwar Germany, opposed by John Maynard Keynes, who writes
The Economic Consequences of the Peace
. League of Nations created. T. S. Eliot, “Tradition and the Individual Talent,”
Poems
; Dorothy Richardson,
The Tunnel, Interim
; Robert Wiene,
The
Cabinet
of
Dr. Caligari
(film).
 
 
 
 
1920       
The Memoir Club, comprising thirteen original members of the Bloomsbury Group, meets for the first time.
The Voyage Out
and
Night and Day
are published in the United States by George H. Doran.
Mohandas Gandhi initiates mass passive resistance against British rule in India.
T. S. Eliot,
The Sacred Wood
; Sigmund Freud,
Beyond the Pleasure Principle
; Roger Fry,
Vision and Design
; D. H. Lawrence,
Women in Love
; Katherine Mansfield,
Bliss and Other Stories
; Ezra Pound,
Hugh Selwyn Mauberley
; Marcel Proust,
Le Côté de Guermantes I
; Edith Wharton,
The Age of Innocence
.
 
 
 
 
1921       
Woolf's short story collection
Monday or Tuesday
published by Hogarth Press, which will from this time
publish all her books in England. The book is also published in the United States by Harcourt Brace, which from now on is her American publisher.
Aldous Huxley,
Crome Yellow
; Pablo Picasso,
Three Musicians
; Luigi Pirandello,
Six Characters in Search of an Author
; Marcel Proust,
Le Côté de Guermantes II, Sodome et Gomorrhe I
; Dorothy Richardson,
Deadlock
; Lytton Strachey,
Queen Victoria
.
 
 
 
 
1922       
Jacob's Room
published. Woolf meets Vita Sackville-West (1892–1962) for the first time.
Bonar Law elected prime minister. Mussolini comes to power in Italy. Irish Free State established. British Broadcasting Company (BBC) formed. Discovery of Tutankhamen's tomb in Egypt. Death of Marcel Proust (b. 1871).
T. S. Eliot,
The Waste Land
; James Joyce,
Ulysses
; Katherine Mansfield,
The Garden Party
; Marcel Proust,
Sodome et Gomorrhe II
; Ludwig Wittgenstein,
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
.
 
 
 
 
1923       
The Woolfs travel to Spain, stopping in Paris on the way home. Hogarth Press publishes
The Waste Land
.
Stanley Baldwin succeeds Bonar Law as prime minister. Death of Katherine Mansfield (b. 1888).
Mina Loy,
Lunar Baedeker
; Marcel Proust,
La Prisonnière
; Dorothy Richardson,
Revolving Lights
; Rainer Maria Rilke,
Duino Elegies
.
 
 
 
 
1924       
The Woolfs move to Tavistock Square. Woolf lectures on “Character in Fiction” to the Heretics Society at Cambridge University.
The Labour Party takes office for the first time under
the leadership of Ramsay MacDonald but is voted out within the year. Death of Joseph Conrad (b. 1857).
E. M. Forster,
A Passage to India
; Thomas Mann,
The Magic Mountain
.
 
 
 
 
1925       
Mrs. Dalloway
and
The Common Reader
published. Woolf stays with Vita Sackville-West at her house, Long Barn, for the first time.
Nancy Cunard,
Parallax
; F. Scott Fitzgerald,
The Great Gatsby
; Ernest Hemingway,
In Our Time
; Adolf Hitler,
Mein Kampf
; Franz Kafka,
The Trial
; Alain Locke, ed.,
The New Negro
; Marcel Proust,
Albertine disparue
; Dorothy Richardson,
The Trap
; Gertrude Stein,
The Making of Americans
.
 
 
 
 
1926       
Woolf lectures on “How Should One Read a Book?” at Hayes Court School. “Cinema” published
in Arts
(New York), “Impassioned Prose” in
Times Literary Supplement
, and “On Being Ill” in
New Criterion
. Meets Gertrude Stein (1874–1946).
The General Strike in support of mine workers in England lasts nearly two weeks.
Ernest Hemingway,
The Sun Also Rises
; Langston Hughes,
The Weary Blues
; Franz Kafka,
The Castle; A. A
. Milne,
Winnie-the-Pooh
.
 
 
 
 
1927       
To the Lighthouse
, “The Art of Fiction,” “Poetry, Fiction and the Future,” and “Street Haunting” published. The Woolfs travel with Vita Sackville-West and her husband, Harold Nicolson, to Yorkshire to see the total eclipse of the sun. They buy their first car.
Charles Lindbergh flies the Atlantic solo.
E. M. Forster,
Aspects of the Novel
; Ernest Hemingway,
Men without Women
; Franz Kafka,
Amerika
; Marcel
Proust,
Le Temps retrouvé
; Gertrude Stein,
Four Saints in Three Acts
.
 
 
 
 
1928       
Orlando: A Biography
published. In October, Woolf delivers two lectures at Cambridge on which she will base
A Room of One's Own
. Femina-Vie Heureuse prize awarded to
To the Lighthouse
.
The Equal Franchise Act gives the vote to all women over twenty-one. Sound films introduced. Death of Thomas Hardy (b. 1840).
Djuna Barnes,
Ladies Almanack
; Radclyffe Hall,
The Well of Loneliness
; D. H. Lawrence,
Lady Chatterley's Lover
; Evelyn Waugh,
Decline and Fall
; W. B. Yeats,
The Tower
.
 
 
 
 
1929       
A Room of One's Own
published. “Women and Fiction” in
The Forum
(New York).
Labour Party returned to power under Prime Minister MacDonald. Discovery of penicillin. Museum of Modern Art opens in New York. Wall Street crash.
William Faulkner,
The Sound and the Fury
; Ernest Hemingway,
A Farewell to Arms
; Nella Larsen,
Passing
.
 
 
 
 
1930       
Woolf meets the pioneering composer, writer, and suffragette Ethel Smyth (1858–1944), with whom she forms a close friendship.
Death of D. H. Lawrence (b. 1885).
W. H. Auden,
Poems
; T. S. Eliot,
Ash Wednesday
; William Faulkner,
As I Lay Dying
; Sigmund Freud,
Civilisation and Its Discontents
.
 
 
 
 
1931       
The Waves
is published. First of six articles by Woolf about London published in
Good Housekeeping
; “Introductory Letter” to
Life As We Have Known It
. Lectures
to London branch of National Society for Women's Service on “Professions for Women.” Meets John Lehmann (1907–1987), who will become a partner in the Hogarth Press.
Growing financial crisis throughout Europe and beginning of the Great Depression.
 
 
 
 
1932       
The Common Reader, Second Series
and “Letter to a Young Poet” published. Woolf invited to give the 1933 Clark Lectures at Cambridge, which she declines.
Death of Lytton Strachey (b. 1880).
Aldous Huxley,
Brave New World
.
 
 
 
 
1933       
Flush: A Biography
, published. The Woolfs travel by car to Italy.
Adolf Hider becomes chancellor of Germany, establishing the totalitarian dictatorship of his National Socialist (Nazi) Party.
T. S. Eliot,
The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism
; George Orwell,
Down and Out in Paris and London
; Gertrude Stein,
The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas
; Nathanael West,
Miss Lonelyhearts
; W B. Yeats,
The Collected Poems
.
 
 
 
 
1934       
Woolf meets W B. Yeats at Ottoline Morrell's house. Writes “Walter Sickert: A Conversation.”
George Duckworth dies. Roger Fry dies.
Samuel Beckett,
More Pricks Than Kicks
; Nancy Cunard, ed.,
Negro: An Anthology
; F. Scott Fitzgerald,
Tender Is the Night
; Wyndham Lewis,
Men Without Art
; Henry Miller,
Tropic of Cancer
; Ezra Pound,
ABC of Reading
; Evelyn Waugh,
A Handful of Dust
.
 
 
 
 
1935       
The Woolfs travel to Germany, where they accidentally get caught up in a parade for Goring. They return to England via Italy and France.
 
 
 
 
1936       
Woolf reads “Am I a Snob?” to the Memoir Club, and publishes “Why Art Today Follows Politics” in the
Daily Worker
.
Death of George V, who is succeeded by Edward VIII, who then abdicates to marry Wallis Simpson. George VI becomes king. Spanish Civil War (1936–38) begins when General Franco, assisted by Germany and Italy, attacks the Republican government. BBC television begins. Djuna Barnes,
Nightwood
; Charlie Chaplin,
Modern Times
(film); Aldous Huxley,
Eyeless in Gaza
; J. M. Keynes,
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
; Rose Macaulay,
Personal Pleasures
; Margaret Mitchell,
Gone with the Wind
.
 
 
 
 
1937       
Years
published. Woolf's nephew Julian Bell killed in the Spanish Civil War.
Neville Chamberlain becomes prime minister.
Zora Neale Hurston,
Their Eyes Were Watching God
; David Jones,
In Parenthesis
; Pablo Picasso,
Guernica
; John Steinbeck,
Of Mice and Men
; J. R. R. Tolkien,
The Hobbit
.
 
 
 
 
1938       
Three Guineas
published.
Germany annexes Austria. Chamberlain negotiates the Munich Agreement (“Peace in our time”), ceding Czech territory to Hitler.
Samuel Beckett,
Murphy
; Elizabeth Bowen,
The Death of the Heart
; Jean-Paul Sartre,
La Nausée
.

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