Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols (149 page)

169 Ibn Shaddād,
Ta’rīkh
, 252.

170 Although the basic administrative structure was maintained throughout the Mamluk period there were many changes in the jurisdictions and territorial boundaries of Karak, which appear to have shifted and changed quite often. “Rivalries among officers, up risings and revolts, and tribal relations may have influenced a sultan’s or amīr’s decision to promote one administrative center over another.” Walker, “
,” 242.

171 After the fortress surrendered, Baybars summoned the administrative clerks at Karak and saw to their salaries. He did not make any changes and decided to maintain their payrolls. Ibn
, 124. For the administrative structure at Karak under al-Mughīth see Milwright, “Jordan,” 8.

172 Johns, J., “
The longue durée
: state and settlement in southern Transjordan across the Islamic centuries,” in
Village, Steppe and State: The Social Origins of Modern Jorda
,” eds E. L. Rogan and T. Tell, (London and New York, 1994), 17–19; Walker, “Mamluk investment”, 241–8. On rearing of horses see 243–4; Walmsley, “Fatimids”, 542–3; Irwin,
Middle East
, 185–6.

173 Ibn
,
Mufarrij
, 276;
Ibn al-Jawzī,
Mir’āt
, vol. 8, pt. 2, 561.

174 Ibn
, 165.

175 Ibn Shaddād,
, vol. 2, pt. 2, 79.

176 During
reign another treasury was kept at
, located on the Euphrates on the southeast side of the modern Asad Dam.

177 Müller-Wiener,
Castles
, 47.

178 Kennedy,
Castles
, 47.

179 Boase,
Castles
, 70; Pringle, D. “Crusader castles in Jordan,” in
The Archaeology of Jorda
, eds B. MacDonald, R. Adams and P. Bienkowski (Sheffield, 2001), 678.

180 Sourdel, D., “Al-Karak,”
EI
²
4:609.

181 Milwright, “Jordan,” 24–5.

182 Deschamps, P.
Les Châteaux des Croiés en Terre Sainte
. vol. II:
La défense du royaume latin de Jérusalem
(Paris, 1939), 75–7;
Châteaux des de Kerak (Paris, 1934)
, vol. 1,
Plan 1: Kerak Châteaux des et enceinte de la ville
.

183 Johns, “Southern Transjordan,” 17.

184 Luynes, H. T.,
Voyage d’exploration à la Mer Morte, à Petra et sur la rive gauche du Jourdain
(Paris, 1874), vol. 2, 199.

185 Ellenblum,
Modern Histories
, 178–9.

186
al-Dīn laid siege to Karak in 1183, 1184 and 1188. The shotest of those sieges lasted four weeks; the longest went on for a year and a half, according to Ibn Shaddād
, vol. 2, pt. 2, 72, 71, 73.

187 Flint of the Mashash formation.

188 Kennedy,
Castles
, 50.

189 Ibn Shaddād,
, vol. 2, pt. 2, 69. See n. 69.