No Contest (60 page)

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Authors: Alfie Kohn

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Helping behavior,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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–
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.
See also
Altruism

Hendin, Herbert,
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–
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,
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Henry, Jules,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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Heraclitus,
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n
.

Hirsch, Fred,
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Hobbes, Thomas,
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,
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,
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,
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Hoch, Paul,
[>]
n
.
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,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
[>]

Hoffman, Martin L.,
[>]
n
;.24,
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n
.
[>]

Hofstadter, Richard,
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,
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,
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n
.
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Holt, John,
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Homeostasis,
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–
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,
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n
.
[>]

Horner, Matina,
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–
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,
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n
.
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Horney, Karen,
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,
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n
. ,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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–
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,
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Huizinga, Johan,
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,
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–
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“Human nature,”
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–
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,
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,
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–
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Imagining the real,
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Independent goal achievement,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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n
.
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Individualism,
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,
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–
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,
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–
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,
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,
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.
See also
Conformity

Inequity.
See
Economic maldistribution in competitive societies

Insatiability,
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Intentional competition: affected by structural competition,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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; as cause of structural competition,
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; causes of,
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–
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,
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–
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; defined,
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–
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; as habitual,
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; and hostility,
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,
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–
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; negatively related to success,
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–
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; prevalence in lower classes,
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–
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; reducing,
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–
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Interdisciplinary scholarship,
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Intimacy, instant, in U.S.,
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Inuit of Canada,
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Iroquois,
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Isolation,
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,
[>]
.
See also
Competition: effect of, on relationships

 

Jacklin, Carol,
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,
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Japanese,
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,
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,
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,
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Johnson, David and Roger,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
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Johnson, William O.,
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,
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n
.
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Journalism,
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–
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,
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Kafka, Franz,
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Kagan, Jerome,
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Kagan, Spencer,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
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Kalahari Bushmen,
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Kant, Immanuel,
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n
.
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Kelley, Harold H.,
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–
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,
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–
[>]

Keynes, John Maynard,
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Kibbutzniks,
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,
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n
.
[>]

Kierkegaard, Sören,
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Kikuyu of Kenya,
[>]

King, Gillian,
[>]

King of the Mountain,
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Knowles, John,
[>]

Kohlberg, Lawrence,
[>]

Kohn, Alfie,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
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Kropotkin, Petr,
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,
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,
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n
.
[>]

Kwakiutl,
[>]

 

Lakoff, Robin,
[>]

Landry, Tom,
[>]

Lasch, Christopher,
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Lear, Norman,
[>]

Learning.
See
Education

Learning theory,
[>]
–
[>]

Legal system, adversarial model of,
[>]
–
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,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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n
.
[>]

Leisure,
[>]
n
.

Lentz, Theodore F.,
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,
[>]
n
.
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Leonard, George,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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Levin, Jenifer,
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Lewin, Kurt,
[>]
n
.

Lewis, C. S.,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Lewis, Sinclair,
[>]

Lewontin, Richard,
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,
[>]
n
.
[>]
,
n
.
[>]

Lifton, Robert Jay,
[>]
,
[>]

Little League,
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–
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,
[>]

Locke, Edwin,
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–
[>]

Lombardi, Vince,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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n
.
[>]

Lorenz, Konrad,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Losing: and aggression,
[>]
; fear of,
[>]
,
[>]
; penalties for,
[>]
–
[>]
; psychological implications of,
[>]
–
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,
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–
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; vs. failure,
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–
[>]

Love, competition for,
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–
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,
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–
[>]

Lüschen, Günther,
[>]
,
[>]

 

MacArthur, Douglas,
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,
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Maccoby, Eleanor,
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,
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Madsen, Millard C.,
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Malthus, Thomas,
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Mansbridge, Jane,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
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Marcel, Gabriel,
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Martens, Rainer,
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Maslow, Abraham,
[>]
n
. ,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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May, Mark A.,
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,
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,
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n
.
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May, Rollo,
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,
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–
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,
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n
.
[>]

Mazlish, Elaine,
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McLuhan, Marshall,
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McMurty, John,
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–
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Mead, Margaret,
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–
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,
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–
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,
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Means interdependence, task,
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–
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Meggyesy, Dave,
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Men and competition,
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–
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,
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–
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Mexicans,
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,
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–
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,
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Michener, James,
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Mills, C. Wright,
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n
.
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Montagu, Ashley,
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,
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,
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n
.
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,
n
.
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Monty Python,
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Moral reasoning: different for women,
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–
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; lower for aggressors,
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–
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; lower when competing,
[>]
,
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n
.
[>]

Morgan, George W.,
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n
.
[>]

Motive for success,
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,
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Motive to avoid success.
See
Fear of success

Moulton, Janice,
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Movies.
See
Films

Music competitions,
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,
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Musical chairs,
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Mutually exclusive goal attainment (MEGA),
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,
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,
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,
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Nations, competition among,
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–
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,
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–
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,
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–
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,
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,
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–
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Natural selection,
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–
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Nelson, Janice,
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Nerd stigma,
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Neurosis and competition,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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Norwegians,
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Novak, Michael,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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–
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,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
[>]

 

Objectification,
[>]
–
[>]

Oedipal crisis,
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–
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,
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,
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–
[>]

Ogilvie, Bruce,
[>]
,
[>]

Orlick, Terry,
[>]
–
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,
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,
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,
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–
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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n
. ,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
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,
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n
.
[>]

O'Roark, Mary Ann,
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Orwell, George,
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,
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,
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,
[>]

 

Parenti, Michael,
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,
[>]
,
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n
.
[>]

Parking,
[>]

Paterno, Joe,
[>]

Pepitone, Emmy,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Perception of others' competitiveness,
[>]
,
[>]
,
[>]

Percy, Walker,
[>]

Perspective-taking,
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,
[>]
,
[>]

Petersdorf, Robert G.,
[>]

Piaget, Jean,
[>]
,
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–
[>]
,
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,
[>]
,
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,
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–
[>]
n
.
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Pines, Maya,
[>]
,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Play,
[>]
,
[>]
–
[>]
; defined,
[>]
; as non-homeostatic,
[>]
–
[>]
; practical uses of,
[>]
; relationship of, to competition,
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–
[>]
,
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–
[>]
n
.
[>]
; rules in,
[>]

Politics, competition vs. consensus in,
[>]
,
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,
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n
.
[>]
; corruption in,
[>]
,
[>]

Poverty and hunger,
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,
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,
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n
.
[>]

Pride,
[>]
n
.
[>]

Primitive cultures, competition vs. cooperation in,
[>]
–
[>]

Prisoner's Dilemma,
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,
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–
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,
[>]

Problem-solving, under competition vs. cooperation,
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,
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–
[>]

Process orientation and product orientation,
[>]
,
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–
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,
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–
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,
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n
.

Productivity: from group's perspective,
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–
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; from long-range perspective,
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–
[>]

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