Octopus (37 page)

Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas),
80

Humilaria kennerleyi (Kennerley's venus clam),
72

Idiosepiida,
152

Idiosepius pygmaeus (pygmy squid),
152

ink,
18
,
106
–
108

gland,
48

retaining in body,
44

intelligence,
97
,
99
,
110
,
123

intertidal zone,
101

iridophores,
89

janthina (Janthina janthina),
79

Janthina janthina (janthina),
79

jellyfish,
39
,
45
,
47

jellyfish octopuses,
45

jet propulsion,
13
,
48
,
79
–
80
,
134
–
135
,
150

keeping an octopus,
165

Kennerley's venus clam (Humilaria kennerleyi),
72

killer whale (orca),
102

Kölliker's organs,
44

krill,
50

landmark navigation,
124
,
126

lateral inhibition,
94

lateralization,
13
,
103
,
173

lateral line,
48

learning,
128
–
133

leucophores,
89

life span,
166

ligula,
140
–
141

Lima spp. (file clam),
79

lion nudibranch (Melibe leonina),
79
, plate 14

locomotion,
77
–
78

luring. See angling

Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum),
64

mantle,
13
–
14

mating,
95
,
137
,
139
,
143
–
145
,
148

courtship,
95
,
144

duration,
146

maximum speed,
77

melanin,
106

Melibe leonina (lion nudibranch),
79

meroplankton,
40

mesoglea,
45

Metasepia pfefferi (flamboyant cuttlefish),
91

middens,
31
,
55
–
57
,
69
,
72
,
103

mimic octopus (Thaumoctopus mimicus),
68
,
108
,
109

mimicry,
105
,
106
,
108
,
109

minimaximalist,
153

mirror, response to,
133
–
134

Mollusca,
13
,
22

molluscan ancestry,
13

mollusk,
13

Monterey Bay Aquarium, California,
177

moray eel,
100

Moses sole,
109

movement,
77
–
81

control,
80
,
85
–
86

coordination,
80
–
81
,
84
–
86

maneuverability,
78
,
80
,
84

tiptoe,
85
,
106

moving rock behavior,
96

muscular hydrostat,
81
–
82

mussels,
55
,
64

mysid,
128
,
186

Naples Aquarium,
173

National Resource Center for Cephalopods (NRCC), Galveston, Texas,
168
,
172
,
174

nautiloid cephalopods,
149

nautilus,
22
,
27
,
45
,
78
,
149
,
150

Nautilus spp. (nautilus),
22
,
27
,
45
,
78
,
149

Needham's sac,
142

nets,
47
–
48

neustonic feeding,
50

nidamental gland,
26

Nitrobacter,
178
,
180

nitrogen cycle,
178

Nitrosomonas,
178
,
180

Nova Scotia, Canada,
133
,
177

obtaining an octopus,
168

ocelli,
54
,
105

Octopus abaculus, plate 1

Octopus bimaculatus (Verrill's two-spot octopus),
18

Octopus bimaculoides (Californian two-spot octopus),
18

octopus bite of humans. See bites

Octopus Blind Date,
143

Octopus briareus (Caribbean reef octopus),
28

octopus census, in Puget Sound,
143

Octopus chierchiae,
28

Octopus cyanea (Hawaiian day octopus),
15

Octopus defilippi (Atlantic long-arm octopus),
44

Octopus dierythraeus (red-spot night octopus),
62

Octopus digueti (Diguet's pygmy octopus),
74

Octopus joubini/mercatoris (Caribbean pygmy octopus),
18

Octopus Love,
143

Octopus macropus (white-spotted night octopus),
96

Octopus mimus,
63

Octopus ornatus (white-striped octopus),
16

Octopus rubescens (red octopus),
25

Octopus vulgaris (common octopus),
15

Octopus Week, Seattle,
143

Octopus wolfi (star-sucker pygmy octopus), plate 33

Octopus zonatus,
28

Ocythoe tuberculata (football octopus),
29

olive snails,
58

Olive the Octopus,
143

opening a jar,
132

Opisthoteuthis californiana (flapjack devilfish),
45

optic gland,
146

orca. See killer whale

Oregon Coast Aquarium, Newport,
184

ovaries,
25

oviducal gland,
26

oviduct,
25

oviparous,
25

ovoviviparous,
25
,
29

oxygen debt,
51

Pacific littleneck clam (Protothaca staminea),
57
,
64

packaging problem,
61

papillae,
14
,
89
,
91
–
92
,
95
,
96

paralarvae,
29
,
30
,
32
–
33
,
46
–
53

rearing in the lab,
49

paralytic shellfish poison (PSP),
43

parasites,
84

parrotfish,
103
,
105

Passing Cloud,
93
–
94
,
97
,
108

pen shell clam (Pinna carnea),
58

personality,
104
,
114
,
118
–
119
,
122

photophores,
160
,
162

photosynthesis,
43

phototaxis,
50
,
53

phytoplankton,
40

pigeon guillemots,
102

pincer grasp,
83

pinhole eye,
150

Pinna carnea (pen shell clam),
58

plankton,
29
,
39
,
46
,
54
, plate 7

play,
127
–
128

plural of octopus,
23

poikilotherm,
17
,
59
,
146
,
174

Portuguese man-of-war,
45

posterior salivary gland,
61

predators of octopuses,
100
–
102

prey handling time,
61

prey of octopuses,
61

principle of neighborliness,
86

principle of spatial discouragement,
95

Protothaca staminea (Pacific littleneck clam),
57
,
64

pseudomorph,
107

pygmy squid (Idiosepius pygmaeus),
152
, plate 36

queen conch (Strombus gigas),
58
, plate 11

radula,
62

red octopus (Octopus rubescens),
25
–
26
,
37
,
52
,
58
,
63
,
72
,
74
–
75
,
110
,
117
–
118
,
126
,
139
,
172
, plate 5

red-spot night octopus (Octopus dierythraeus),
62
,
64

red tide. See paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)

refuging predator,
58

release into the ocean,
137
–
138
,

remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV),
185

reproduction,
137

respiration,
13

river otter,
101

Rossia pacifica (stubby squid),
107

r to K strategy,
28

salivary papilla,
63

scallop,
79

scientific names,
19
–
21

scorpionfish,
100
, plate 23

sea anemone,
61

sea angel (Clione limacina),
79

seagull,
102

sea hare (Aplysia californica),
91

sea lemon nudibranch (Archidoris montereyensis),
91

sea otter,
59
,
101

search image,
92

sea stars,
33
,
62

Seattle Aquarium, Washington,
10
,
100
–
101
,
104
,
110
,
113
,
117
,
131
,
137
,
143
,
146
,
177
,
187

self-recognition,
134

semelparity,
94

senescence,
18
,
32
,
102
,
137
,
146
–
148

Sepia apama (giant cuttlefish),
117

sepia ink,
106

Sepia latimanus (broadclub cuttlefish),
108

Sepia officinalis (common cuttlefish),
91

Sepioidea,
22

Sepiolidae,
22

sepiolid squid,
155

Sepioteuthis sepioidea (Caribbean reef squid),
80

settlement,
51
–
54

sex,
137

shark,
41
,
100
,
102

shipping octopuses,
171

shipwrecks as dens,
73

shy-bold,
119

sibling species,
28

siphon. See funnel

siphuncle,
149

skin texture,
96

sleep,
103
,
125
,
157

sneaker,
117
,
144

southern bobtail squid (Euprymna tasmanica),
120

spatial learning,
124
,
126

spatial memory,
124

specializing generalists,
58

spermatheca,
25

spermatophore,
15
,
86
,
139
–
140
,
142
,
146

sperm whale,
154
–
155

spoon-arm octopus (Bathypolypus arcticus),
15
–
16
,
28
,
30
,
35
,
42
,
96

squirrelfish, plate 26

star-sucker pygmy octopus (Octopus wolfi), plate 33

startle behavior,
105
–
106

statocyst,
48

Steinbeck, John,
40

Strombus gigas (queen conch),
53

stubby squid (Rossia pacifica),
107
,
155

suckers,
14
,
50
,
82
,
86
,
87

chemical receptors,
50
,
51
,
83

enlarged,
140

taxonomy,
19
,
41

Tegula funebralis (top snail),
56

temperament,
118

tetrodotoxin (TTX),
170

Teuthoidea,
22

Thaumoctopus mimicus (mimic octopus),
68
,
108
–
109

tool use,
103
,
125

top snail (Tegula funebralis),
56

transport of octopuses,
169

TTX (tetrodotoxin),
170

umbo,
63

Ursula the Octopus,
138

vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis),
83
,
159

Vampyromorpha,
22
,
159

Vampyroteuthis infernalis (vampire squid),
83
,
159

vas deferens,
142

velvet octopus (Grimpella thaumastocheir),
108

Venerupis philippinarum (Manila clam),
64

venom,
16
,
18
,
61
–
62
,
64
,
103
,
111
,
170

vent octopus,
15
,
19

Verrill's two-spot octopus (Octopus bimaculatus),
18
,
50
, plate 4

Vitreledonella richardi (glass octopus),
78

viviparous,
25

volcano effect,
72

Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis (deep-sea vent octopus),
15
,
19

Waikiki Aquarium, Honolulu, Hawaii,
177