Ostkrieg (106 page)

66
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1048–50; Halder,
War Diary
, 9 September 1942, 669; Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 9 September 1942, 2, pt. 1:705–7; Megargee,
Inside Hitler's High Command
, 179–80; Below,
Als Hitlers Adjutant
, 315; Warlimont,
Inside Hitler's Headquarters
, 254–56; Hartmann,
Halder
, 333; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 377–78.

67
. Engel,
Heeresadjutant bei Hitler
, 4, 24 September 1942, 124–25, 128; Warlimont,
Inside Hitler's Headquarters
, 256–60; Below,
Als Hitlers Adjutant
, 315–16; Halder,
War Diary
, 24 September 1942, 670; Hartmann,
Halder
, 328–31, 337–39; Megargee,
Inside Hitler's High Command
, 180–84; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 531–34; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1050–52; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 449–50.

68
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1053–59; Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 473–86.

69
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1053–59; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 212; “Führerbefehl vom 8. September 1942 über ‘grundsätzliche Aufgaben der Verteidigung,' ” in Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 8 September 1942, 2, pt. 4:1292–97; “Führerbefehl vom 13. September 1942 betr. Ablösung abgekämpfter Divisionen aus dem Osten,” in ibid., 13 September 1942, 1298–99; “Operationsbefehl Nr. 1 vom 14. Oktober 1942 betr. weitere Kampfführung im Osten,” in ibid., 14 October 1942, 1301–4; Engel,
Heeresadjutant bei Hitler
, 27 August, 8, 18 September 1942, 125, 127–28 (on 27 August, Hitler had said that he would like to “trample” on his uniform).

70
. Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 432–37; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 239–40; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 374–75, 379–81.

71
. Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 239–43; Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 432–37; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 374–75, 379–81, 453–54; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 172–82; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1042–43, 1047–48. Destruction of the Maikop and Grozny oil fields would not strike a decisive blow to Soviet oil production as even German experts estimated it would reduce it by only 15 percent (Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1048 n. 115).

72
. Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 75–77, 87–88.

73
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1060–65; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 244–45; Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 217–48, 265–67; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 382–83; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 92–95; Halder,
War Diary
, 25, 27–28, 30 July 1942, 646–49.

74
. Engel,
Heeresadjutant bei Hitler
, 29 July 1942, 123; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1060–65; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 244–45; Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 272–73; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 382–83; Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 64.

75
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1064–65; Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 290–303; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 246–47; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 382–83.

76
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1065–66; Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 297–303, 308–19; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 247.

77
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1066; Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 321–26; Doerr,
Der Feldzug nach Stalingrad
, 127–29; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 185.

78
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1066–67; Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 329–38; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 110. More ominously, as early as 16 August, OKW had received reports of substantial quantities of tanks and armored equipment from America arriving at Stalingrad. See Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 16 August 1942, 2, pt. 3:597.

79
. Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 339–64; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1068–69; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 102–19; Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 77–78; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 247–48; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 188–89.

Estimates of the number of people killed in the German bombing of Stalingrad run as high as forty thousand, although a more conservative estimate of twenty-five thousand is probably more accurate. For a very useful summary of the literature on both the air attack on Stalingrad and the fighting in the city itself, see Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 367–71 nn. 89 and 91.

80
. Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 339–64; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1068–69; Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 77–78; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 188–89; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 247–48; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 387; Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 26 August 1942, 2, pt. 3:642; Halder,
War Diary
, 25–28 August 1942, 661–63.

81
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1069–70; Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 277–90.

82
. Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 364–81; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1070–71; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 248.

83
. Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 383–93; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1072–76; Halder,
War Diary
, 29 August 1942, 663; Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 27 August 1942, 2, pt. 3:646–47.

84
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1077–79; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 192; Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 2 September 1942, 2, pt. 3:649–70.

85
. Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 79–81; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 249–50.

86
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1081–83; Zhukov,
Memoirs
, 378–79; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 250. For a compilation of documents from the Soviet side, see Glantz, “The Struggle for Stalingrad City: Pt. 1.”

87
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1083; Zhukov,
Memoirs
, 382–83.

88
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1083–86; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 216; Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 16 August, 9 September 1942, 2, pt. 3:597–98, 703, 705; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 129.

89
. Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 82–83; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 146–49; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 250–51; Glantz and House,
When Titans Clashed
, 122–23; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1086; Doerr,
Der Feldzug nach Stalingrad
, 52.

90
. Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 149–51; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 252; Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 86.

91
. Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 83–84; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 129–37; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 251; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1086; Chuikov,
Stalingrad
, 205.

92
. Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 193–96.

93
. Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 139–41; Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 84, 101–2; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 396; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 200–201; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1086–87; Halder,
War Diary
, 20 September 1941, 670.

94
. Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 160–65; Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 84; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 396–97; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 196–204; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1089; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 252.

95
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1096–97; Below,
Als Hitlers Adjutant
, 318; Boberach, ed.,
Meldungen aus dem Reich
, 31 August, 3, 8, 10, 28 September 1942; Steinert,
Hitler's War
, 166–69;
TBJG
, 28–29 September 1942.

96
. Domarus, ed.,
Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen
, 2:1913–24; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 535–36; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 201.

97
.
TBJG
, 2 October 1942; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 536–37; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1089–95, and “Vom Lebensraum zum Todesraum,” 33–34; Kehrig,
Stalingrad
, 74–80; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 206; Engel,
Heeresadjutant bei Hitler
, 2–3, 22 October 1942, 129–32; Müller, “ ‘Was wir an Hunger ausstehen müssen,' ” 134.

98
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1096–97, and “Vom Lebensraum zum Todesraum,” 34–35; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 537–38, and
The “Hitler Myth,”
190; Jochmann,
Monologe im Führerhauptquartier
, 6 September 1942, 392; Engel,
Heeresadjutant bei Hitler
, 2, 10 October 1942, 129–30; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 187; Groscurth,
Tagebücher
, 528.

99
. Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 205–7; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 397; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 188–91.

100
. Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 192–97, 208–12; Chuikov,
Stalingrad
, 248; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1097–98; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 206, 210–15; Kehrig,
Stalingrad
, 37–45; Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 102.

101
. Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 206; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1098–99; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 211–12.

102
. Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1098–99; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 212; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 538–39; Below,
Als Hitlers Adjutant
, 321–22; Engel,
Heeresadjutant bei Hitler
, 8 November 1942, 134.

103
.
TBJG
, 9 November 1942; Domarus, ed.,
Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen
, 2:1935–38; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 539–40, and
The “Hitler Myth,”
186–89; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 213–14; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 215–16; Steinert,
Hitler's War
, 166–70.

104
. Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 253; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet
Union,” 1099–1100; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 214–19; Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 84–85. For a good sense of how suddenly the weather turned cold at night, see the relevant letters in Spratte, ed.,
Stalingrad
.

105
. “Führerbefehl vom 17. November 1942 betr. Fortführung der Eroberung Stalingrads durch die 6. Armee,” in Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 17 November 1942, 2, pt. 4:1307; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 253, 306; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1099–1100; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 214–19.

1
. Zhukov,
Greatest Battles
, 139–42; Erickson,
The Road to Stalingrad
, 389; Glantz and House,
When Titans Clashed
, 130–32; Mawdsley,
Thunder in the East
, 174–76; Chorkov, “Die sowjetische Gegenoffensive bei Stalingrad,” 55–58; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 220–21; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 222–24; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 107–10.

2
. Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 110–12; Glantz and House,
When Titans Clashed
, 130–32, 136–39; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 445–47. For Operation Mars, see Glantz,
Zhukov's Greatest Defeat
.

3
. Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 118; Wegner, “The War against the Soviet Union,” 1101–2; Glantz,
Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War
, 113–17; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 223–24.

4
. Roberts,
Victory at Stalingrad
, 114–18; Service,
A History of Twentieth Century Russia
, 278; Harrison, “The USSR and Total War,” and “Resource Mobilization for World War II”; Mawdsley,
Thunder in the East
, 186–203; Beevor,
Stalingrad
, 223–25; Sokolov and Glantz, “The Role of Lend-Lease.”