Paradise Lost: Smyrna 1922 - The Destruction of Islam's City of Tolerance (54 page)

Hortense Wood’s diary continues until June 1923 and is an interesting source on the aftermath. For more on the Levantine refugees in Malta, see the account written by the Bishop of Gibraltar, John Greig, published in
Gibraltan Diocesan Gazette
, vol. 6, no. 3, November 1922. See also Herbert Octavius’s letters in NA: FO369/1817/K16250. The
Daily Express
article is reprinted in full in
The Whittalls of Turkey
, 1809–1973, n.a., n.d.

Kemal’s moves in the aftermath of the destruction of Smyrna are best outlined in Mango,
Ataturk
, and Kinross,
Ataturk
, but for a much more detailed account of the march on Constantinople, see David Walder,
The Chanak Affair
, London 1969. Ernest Hemingway’s newspaper articles are available in the anthology,
Dateline: Toronto: The Complete ‘Toronto Star’ Despatches, 1920–1924
, ed. William White, New York, 1985.

Asa Jennings’ work won him no recognition from the American government. The Greek government was more generous, awarding him the highest civilian honour, the Golden Cross of St Xavier, and the highest war honour, the Medal of Military Merit.

One of the best books on the aftermath of 1922 – and with particular focus on the population exchange – is Bruce Clark,
Twice a Stranger: How Mass Expulsion Forged Modern Greece and Turkey
, London, 2006. Arnold Toynbee’s assessment of the situation can be found in ‘The Denouement in the Near East’,
The Contemporary Review
, October 1922. Lovejoy’s continued work is detailed in
Certain Samaritans
. For the end of Lloyd George’s career, see O’Morgan,
The Age of Lloyd George
; and Beaverbrook,
The Decline and Fall of Lloyd George
.

Picture Acknowledgements

Petros Brussalis, Corbis, Halidé Edib
The Turkish Ordeal
1928, Grace Ellison
An English Woman in Angora
1923, Craig Encer/
www.levantine.plus.com
, Hervé Georgelin
La Fin de Smyrne
/Collection Michel Paboudjian, Getty Images/Hulton Archive, HRH Prince Andrew of Greece
Towards Disaster
1930, George Horton
The Blight of Asia
1926, Roger Jennings, Betty McKernan,
www.smyrnialbum.s5.com
(reproduced photographs are reduced copies of the originals published on the
Memories from Smyrni 1900–1922
website by Konstantinos N. Chatzikyriakos), Yolande Whittall. Contemporary postcards and photographs in private collections.