Pediatric Primary Care (150 page)

MONTELUKAST–ANTIASTHMATIC

Brand Name

Singulair

Uses

Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma.

Availability

Tablets: 10 mg. Tablets, chewable: 4 mg, 5 mg. Oral granules: 4 mg.

Indications/Routes/Dosages

Children 1-5 years: one 4-mg tablet taken in the evening. 6-14 years: one 5-mg chewable tablet taken in the evening. Children older than 14, adults: 10 mg daily taken in the evening.

Adverse Effects

Headache, abdominal pain, fever, restlessness, irritability.

Implications

  Do not use to reverse bronchospasm as in an acute asthma attack.

  Increase fluid intake.

  Continue other asthma medications while taking this one.

  Chewable table contains phenylalanine.

  Patients sensitive to aspirin should avoid aspirin and NSAIDs while on this medication.

NITROFURANTOIN–ANTIBIOTIC

Brand Name

Furadantin, Macrobid, Macrodantin

Uses

Treat urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Shigella.

Availability

Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL. Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg. Capsules: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg.

Indications/Routes/Dosage

Active infections: Children 1 month old to 3 years: 5-7 mg/kg/day divided qid; 1-3 mg/ kg/day for long-term treatment. Children older than 12 years, adult: 50-100 mg qid PO or 50-100 mg at bedtime for long-term treatment.

Chronic suppression: Children: 1 mg/kg/day every night. Adults: 50-100 mg every night.

Adverse Reactions

Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea.

Implications

  Do not use in infants younger than 1 month old.

  Take with food or milk.

  Avoid alcohol.

  Drowsiness may occur; do not drive or operate machinery until response to drug is established.

  Do not crush tabs or open capsules.

  May turn urine rust-yellow to brown.

OFLOXACIN–FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIINFECTIVE

Brand Name

Floxin Optic, Floxin Otic Drops, Ocuflox

Uses

Ophthalmic: Treat bacterial conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers. Otic: Treat otitis externa, acute/chronic otitis media.

Availability

Ophthalmic solution: 3 mg/mL. Otic solution: 0.3%.

Indications/Routes/Dosage

Bacterial conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops q2-4h for 2 days then 4 times/day for 5 days.

Corneal ulcers: Ophthalmic: 1-2 drops q30min while awake for 2 days, then q60min while awake for 5-7 days, then 4 times/day. Otic: twice daily.

Adverse Reactions

Allergic reaction.

Implications