Pediatric Primary Care (154 page)

SULFAMETHOXAZOLE/TRIMETHOPRIM–ANTI-INFECTIVE

Brand Name

Bactrim, Septra

Uses

Treat acute/complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections,
Shigella
, enteritis, otitis media, traveler's diarrhea, enteritis,
Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia.

Availability

Oral suspension: 40 mg trimethoprim/200 mg, 400 mg sulfamethoxazole/5 mL. Tablets: 80 mg trimethoprim/400 mg sulfamethoxazole; 160 mg/800 mg.

Indications/Routes/Dosage

Urinary tract infection caused by
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter
, enteritis, acute otitis media: Children older than 2 months: 7.5-8 mg/kg/ day divided q12h for 10 days. Adults: 160 mg q12h for 7-14 days.

Travelers' diarrhea, bronchitis: Adults: 1 double-strength tablet q12h for 5 days.

Adverse Reactions

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting urticaria, diarrhea, abdominal pain, rash, fever, sore throat, cough, shortness of breath.

Implications

  Take each dose with one glass water and increase fluid intake.

  Take for full treatment time as prescribed.

  Do not use in children younger than 2 months.

  Do not use in patients sensitive to sulfa drugs.

Note: all patients weighing > 100 pounds should be dosed according to adult dosage guidelines.

APPENDIX J

Abbreviations

AAP
—American Academy of Pediatrics

ABG
—arterial blood gas

ABO
—blood types

ABR
—auditory brainstem response

AC
—air conduction

ACE
—angiotensin converting enzyme

AD
—atopic dermatitis

ADD
—attention deficit disorder

ADH
—antidiuretic hormone

ADHD
—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

ADL
—activity of daily living

AFP
—alpha fetal protein

ANA
—antinuclear antibody

AOM
—acute otitis media

AOME
—acute otitis media with effusion

ASO
—antistreptolysin enzyme

AVN
—avascular necrosis

BAER
—brainstem auditory-evoked response

BC
—bone conduction

bid
—twice daily

BM
—bowel movement

BMI
—body mass index

BP
—blood pressure

BPM
—beats per minute

BUN
—blood urea nitrogen

CBC
—complete blood count

CBT
—cognitive behavioral therapy

CDC
—Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CF
—cystic fibrosis

CHF
—congestive heart failure

cm
—centimeter

CMV
—cytomegalovirus

CNS
—central nervous system

CP
—cerebral palsy

C/S
—culture/sensitivity

CSF
—cerebrospinal fluid

CT
—computed tomography (X-ray exam)

CVA
—costal-vertebral angle

CXR
—chest X-ray

DDAVP
—synthetic vasopressin (posterior pituitary hormone)

DDH
—developmental dysplasia of the hip

DRSP
—drug-resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae

DTaP
—diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (vaccine)

DTP
—diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (vaccine)

EBV
—Epstein-Barr virus

EC
—emergency contraception

ECG
—electrocardiogram (aka EKG)

ED
—emergency department

EDC
—estimated date of confinement

EEG
—electroencephalogram

EENT
—eye, ear, nose, throat

ENS
—enteral nutritional support

ENT
—ear, nose, throat

EOAE
—evoked otoacoustic emissions

ESR
—erythrocyte sedimentation rate

ETD
—eustachian tube dysfunction

ETOH
—alcohol

FEV
—forced expiratory volume

g
—gram

GABHS
—Group
A
beta-hemolytic streptococcus

GD
—gestational diabetes

GER
—gastroesophageal reflux

GI
—gastrointestinal

GU
—genitourinary

h
—hour

H.  flu—
Haemophilus influenzae
b (bacteria)

HAB
—hepatitis
A
virus

HBsAg
—hepatitis
B
surface antigen

HBV
—hepatitis
B
virus

HCG
—human chorionic gonadotropin

Hct
—hematocrit

HCV
—hepatitis C virus

HDL
—high-density lipoprotein

HEENT
—head, eyes, ear, nose, throat

Hep
—hepatitis

Hep B
—hepatitis B vaccine

Hgb
—hemoglobin

Hib
—Haemophilus influenzae
b (vaccine)

HIV
—human immunodeficiency virus

HPV
—human papillomavirus

HR
—heart rate

HS
—at bedtime

HSV
—herpes simplex virus

IBD
—inflammatory bowel disease

IBS
—irritable bowel syndrome