Red Mutiny (52 page)

Valk, S. N., et al.,
1905 god v Peterburge
(Leningrad-Moscow, 1925)

Van der Kiste, John, and Hall, Coryne,
Once a Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II
(Sutton Publishing, 2002)

Van Dyke, Carl,
Russian Imperial Military Doctrine and Education, 1832–1914
(Greenwood Press, 1990)

Vasilyev-Yuzhin, M. I. V.,
Vogne pervoy revolyutsii
(Moscow, 1955)

Vassili, Count Paul,
Behind the Veil at the Russian Court
(John Lane Company, 1914)

Verner, Andrew,
The Crisis of Russian Autocracy: Nicholas II and the 1905 Revolution
(Princeton University Press, 1990)

Vilensky, V., ed.,
Katorga i ssylka,
no. 5, vol. 18 (Moscow, 1927)

Villari, Luigi,
Russia Under the Great Shadow
(T. Fisher Unwin, 1905)

Viroubova, Anna,
Memories of the Russian Court
(Macmillan Company, 1923)

Vorres, Ian,
The Last Grand Duchess: Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna
(Charles Scribner's Sons, 1964)

Walkin, Jacob,
The Rise of Democracy in Pre-Revolutionary Russia
(Frederick Praeger, 1962)

Wallace, Donald Mackenzie,
Russia
(Henry Holt and Company, 1908)

Warner, Denis, and Warner, Peggy,
The Tide at Sunrise: A History of the Russo-Japanese War
(Frank Cass, 2002)

Warth, Robert,
Nicholas II: The Life and Reign of Russia's Last Monarch
(Praeger, 1997)

Washburn, Stanley,
The Cable Game: The Adventures of a Press Boat During the Russian Revolution of 1905
(Andrew Melrose, 1913)

Weber, Max,
The Theory of Social and Economic Organization
(Free Press, 1997)

Weinberg, Robert,
The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa
(Indiana University Press, 1993)

Wells, David, and Wilson, Sandra,
The Russo-Japanese War in Cultural Perspective, 1904–1905
(St. Martin's Press, 1999)

Westwood, J. N.,
Russia Against Japan, 1904–1905: A New Look at the Russo-Japanese War
(State University of New York Press, 1986)

———,
Witnesses of Tsushima
(The Diplomatic Press, 1970)

White, John,
The Diplomacy of the Russo-Japanese War
(Princeton University Press, 1996)

Wieczyneki, Joseph, ed.,
Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History,
vol. 24 (Academic International Press, 1981)

Wildman, Allan,
The End of the Russian Imperial Army
(Princeton University Press, 1980)

Williams, Harold Whitmore,
Russia of the Russians
(Pitman and Sons, 1914)

Wilson, H. G.,
Battleships in Action,
vol. 1 (Scholarly Press, 1969)

Wintringham, Thomas,
Mutiny: Being a Survey of Mutinies from Spartacus to Invergordon
(Stanley Nott, 1936)

Witte, Count Sergei,
Memoirs of Count Witte
(Howard Fertig, 1967)

Wolfe, Bertram,
Three Who Made a Revolution
(Delta Books, 1964)

Woodward, David,
The Russians at Sea: A History of the Russian Navy
(Frederick A. Praeger, 1965)

Wynn, Charters,
Workers, Strikes, and Pogroms: The Donbass-Dnepr Bend in Late Imperial Russia
(Princeton University Press, 1992)

Yegorov, I. "Potemkin Tavrichesky" (
Morskoy sbornik,
nos. 6–7, 1925), pp. 3–16

Zadneprovsky, N., and Sokolov, N.,
Afanasy Matyushenko
(Kharkov, 1958)

Zebroski, Anthony, "The Making of a Sailors' Revolution in the Black Sea Fleet, 1902–1905," dissertation (State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1994)

page
PROLOGUE

[>]
 "
History does nothing":
Marx, as quoted in Wolfe, front matter, n.p.
At 91 rue de Carouge:
Service, p. 164; Valentinov, pp. 79–80, 146–47; Krupskaya, p. 120; Salisbury, pp. 138–39.
It was the end:
Chernenko and Shlyakhov; Selivanov,
Matros Matyushenko,
pp. 29–30.
When he spoke:
Valentinov, p. 146.
One day he would:
Salisbury, p. 151.

[>]
 
"The Rubicon has":
Lenin,
Collected Works,
vol. 8, p. 562. In a long article about the
Potemkin
written directly after the mutiny, Lenin wrote, "No reprisals no partial victories over the revolution can diminish the importance of this event. The first step has been taken. The Rubicon has been crossed."
To many stories:
Feldmann, pp. 17–19; Hough,
Potemkin Mutiny,
pp. 23–26; Ponomarev, p. 53; Selivanov,
Matros Matyushenko,
p. 10.
"he lived not":
Selivanov,
Matros Matyushenko,
p. 9.
After the mutiny's end:
Chernenko and Shlyakhov; Selivanov,
Matros Matyushenko,
pp. 27–30; TsGIA(M), f. 102, op. 00, d. 1667, p. 5; Hough,
Potemkin Mutiny,
pp. 223–26.
While in Switzerland:
Krupskaya, pp. 117–19.

[>]
 
"It's not for me":
Chernenko and Shlyakhov.
These intellectual leaders:
Selivanov,
Matros Matyushenko,
pp. 29–30.
That afternoon, Matyushenko:
ibid.; Chernenko and Shlyakhov; Krupskaya, pp. 117–18.

PART I

[>]
"
Where there is":
Mitchell, M., p. 37.
"
Shine out in all":
Kennan, p. 3.

CHAPTER 1

[>]
The Neva River:
Gautier, pp. 139–43; Erickson, pp. 150–53; Kennan, pp. 3–4; Hapgood, pp. 56–57.
Nicholas II began:
Pleshakov, p. 183; Gurko, pp. 339–42; Harcave,
First Blood,
p. 78; Ascher, p. 75; Erickson, pp. 150–53; Hagerman, pp. 90–93; Maud, pp. 107–11; Van der Kiste and Hall, p. 59; Hardinge, p. 112; Vorres, pp. 113–14; Hall, pp. 205–6; Lincoln,
In War's Dark Shadow,
p. 286; Rosen, pp. 253–54; Hapgood, pp. 57–58;
Daily Telegraph,
January 20, 1905. The events of the Blessing of the Waters have been widely documented in memoirs by court individuals, who remembered the occasion in great detail.

[>]
 
Icons of the patron saints:
Ducamp, p. 68; King, G., pp. 172, 307–8.
"
in the coming year":
Salisbury, p. 115.
The city of St. Petersburg:
Lincoln,
Sunlight at Midnight,
pp. 20–21.

[>]
 
In his private life, Nicholas:
Figes, p. 12.
In this St. Petersburg:
Olgin, pp. 15–17; Ascher, pp. 20–24; Kanatchikov, pp. 83–84.
Across the breadth:
Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra,
p. 3; Kennard, pp. 6–7; Wolfe, p. 11.
None of these people:
Figes, p. 11.

[>]
 "
more rolling and peculiarly warlike":
Gurko, p. 341.
His younger sister:
Vorres, p. 114.
Murder had been the fate:
Gasiorowski, p. 247.
After all, Nicholas was born:
Pleshakov, pp. 253–54.

[>]
 
At 4
P.M.,
Nicholas left:
Romanov, N., January 6, 1905.
His hope for such:
Esthus, p. 31.
His Second Pacific Squadron:
Hough,
The Fleet,
p. 33; Warner and Warner, p. 483.
"
Tell them I wish":
ibid., p. 482.

[>]
 "
His broad shoulders":
Novikoiff-Priboy, p. 20. It should be noted that
Tsushima
by A. Novikoff-Priboy is actually a novel, but its author participated in these events, and he has been sourced in numerous accounts of the Battle of Tsushima as providing an accurate recollection of what occurred. Out of caution, the author has used only his descriptive passages regarding individuals and action, rather than rely on his account for a specific course of events.
Rozhestvensky had excelled:
Pleshakov, pp. 37–41; Hough,
The Fleet,
pp. 17–18.
"
We're now doing":
Westwood,
Russia Against Japan,
p. 138.
ostensibly, asserting territorial control:
Figes, pp. 18, 168; Don Levine, p. 96; Judge, p. 158; Wells and Wilson, pp. 4–9.

[>]
 
When war broke out:
Arbenina, p. 19; Salisbury, p. 90; Fuller, pp. 131–33; Figes, p. 169; McCormick, vol. 2, p. 205; Ascher, p. 52; Fuller, p. 132.
"
iron monsters":
Pleshakov, p. 116.
Forbidden to stop:
Warner and Warner, pp. 423–26.

[>]
Other horrors included:
Politovsky, p. 84; Hough,
The Fleet Had to Die,
p. 77; Westwood,
Witnesses of Tsushima,
pp. 115–18.

[>]
 
Rozhestvensky was crushed:
Politovsky, pp. 132–201; Warner and Warner, pp. 484–87; Hough,
The Fleet,
pp. 96–110; Pleshakov, pp. 173–95.

[>]
 
Unbeknownst to him:
Kagan and Higham, pp. 198–99.
"
Enemy squadron square":
Busch, prologue; Warner and Warner, pp. 500–501; Woodward, pp. 146–47.

[>]
 "
She'll never get":
Woodward, pp. 158–61.
"
To the health":
Westwood,
Witnesses of Tsushima,
p. 165.
At ten miles'distance:
Wilson, pp. 243–45; Klado,
The Battle,
pp. 27, 30–37.
From the day's beginning:
Westwood,
Russia Against Japan,
pp. 146–48; Warner and Warner, pp. 504–6; Mitchell, D., pp. 252–56; Wilson, p. 247; Hough,
The Fleet,
pp. 163–68; Spector, R., pp. 14–15.

[>]
 
Within minutes:
Novikoff-Priboy, pp. 185–96; Westwood,
Witnesses of Tsushima,
p. 184.

[>]
 
Admiral Togo stood unprotected:
Hough,
The Fleet,
p. 67; Warner and Warner, p. 505.
In the
Suvorov's
cylindrical:
Wilson, pp. 248–54; Novikoff-Priboy, pp. 178–81; Westwood,
Witnesses of Tsushima,
pp. 181–83, 189–90; Hough,
The Fleet,
pp. 170–75; Warner and Warner, pp. 508–11; Spector, R., pp. 15–19; Pleshakov, pp. 269–72; Busch, pp. 154–57.

[>]
 
At 2:50
P.M.:
Novikoff-Priboy, pp. 185–96; Westwood,
Witnesses of Tsushima,
pp. 183–89; Hough,
The Fleet,
pp. 177–79; Westwood,
Russia Against Japan,
p. 148; Busch, pp. 159–60.
By 7
P.M.
the battle:
Mitchell, D., pp. 262–65.

[>]
 
From the quays:
Williams, p. 404.
Fifteen miles south:
Massie,
Nicholas and Alexandra,
pp. 111–12.

[>]
 
His naval minister:
"World Politics,"
North American Review
(July 1905);
Chicago Daily Tribune,
May 29, 1905.
Wild rumors ran:
Pleshakov, pp. 309–11;
Daily Telegraph,
May 31, 1905; Romanov, N., May 16, 1905.
On January 9:
Figes, pp. 173–81; Ascher, pp. 90–93.
"
Strikes are rolling":
Olgin, p. 118.

[>]
 
History has recorded:
Bind, p. 175; Vassili, p. 217; Essad-Bey, p. 132;
Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra,
p. 89.
Yet in his diary:
Romanov, N., May 16–19, 1905.

CHAPTER 2

[>]
Now covered with cypress:
Curtis, pp. 292–303; Villari, pp. 136–39;
Handbook for Travellers,
pp. 367–71.
"
Do you have any water?":
Ponomarev, pp. 52–53.
Vice Admiral Grigory Chukhnin:
TsGAVMF, f. 920, op. 6, d. 410, p. 74.

[>]
 
He ordered frequent:
ibid., p. 1.
"
And now, my child":
Ponomarev, p. 44.
While many of the captains:
Naida,
Voyennyye moryaki,
p. 416; TsGAVMF, f. 417, op. 2, d. 771, p. 3.
Latrine pipes:
Nevsky, p. 23.
"
No entry to dogs":
Ponomarev, p. 7.
"
If we must sacrifice":
Berezovsky, p. 30.

[>]
 "
Enough blood":
Naida,
Revolyutsionnoye dvizheniye,
p. 113.
Usually at these gatherings:
Berezovsky, pp. 19–21; Vilensky, p. 28.
On occasion, they would draft:
TsGAVMF, f. 243, op. 1, d. 9731, p. 213; Gavrilov,
V borbe za svobodu,
p. 199.
"
the revolution can't be made":
Naida,
Revolyutsionnoye dvizheniye,
p. 363.
A radical from Sevastopol:
Ponomarev, p. 65.

[>]
 
Tall, with a broad, square face:
Selivanov,
Matros Petrov,
pp. 9–15.
"
We see how difficult": Proletarskaya revolyutsiya,
no. 12, 147, 1925. This speech was recounted by Petrov in a letter to his sister days before he was executed by firing squad on August 24, 1905.
Many others echoed:
Gavrilov,
V borbe za svobodu,
pp. 26–28.
"
To delay means":
Ponomarev, p. 65.
"
Why wait for":
ibid.
But he was:
Gavrilov,
V borbe za svobodu,
p. 27.

[>]
 "
Here's to the tsar":
ibid., p. 66.
In 1879, in a hut:
Selivanov,
Matros Matyushenko,
p. 7; Zadneprovsky and Sokolov, p. 3.
He shared the living quarters:
Olgin, pp. 24–26; Kennard, pp. 11–15; Kravchinsky, pp. 233–34. In the two biographies on Matyushenko, his family's living quarters and village were described as typical of the region. Therefore, the author took the liberty of using these sources to show standard village life in the Ukraine.
The grant of freedom:
Olgin, p. 32.

[>]
 
When Afanasy was:
Selivanov,
Matros Matyushenko,
pp. 7–8; Zadneprovsky and Sokolov, pp. 3–4.
There he experienced:
Kanatchikov, pp. 83–84; Figes, pp. 111–15; Olgin, pp. 8–15.
A decent dinner: Handbook for Travellers,
p. 65.
The conditions crippled:
Lincoln,
In War's Dark Shadow,
p. 121.
There he found:
Selivanov,
Matros Matyushenko,
p. 8; Zadneprovsky and Sokolov, pp. 5–7.