Sauron Defeated (66 page)

$28 The story of Ar-Pharazon's expedition into Middle-earth and the submission of Sauron is much enlarged in the Akallabeth, but this enlargement entered already in the third text DA III (see p. 389, $28).

$31 For 'he bade men think that the world was not a circle closed, but there lay many seas and lands for their winning' (retained in the following texts) the Akallabeth (p. 271) has: 'he bade men think that in the world, in the east and even in the west, there lay yet many seas and many lands for their winning'.

The concluding passage of $31, 'And that is the Realm of the Lord of All...', was replaced by the following on a typewritten slip:

'And out of it the world was made; and the Lord thereof may yet make other worlds to be gifts to those who serve him, so that the increase of their power shall find no end.'

'And who is the lord of Darkness?' quoth Ar-Pharazon.

And behind locked doors Zigur spoke, and he lied, saying:

'It is he whose name is not now spoken, for the Avaloim have deceived you concerning him, putting forward the name of Eru, a phantom devised in the wickedness [) folly] of their hearts, seeking to chain Men in servitude to themselves. For they are the oracle of this Eru, which speaketh only what they will. But he that is their master and shall yet prevail will deliver you from this phantom; and his name is Arun, Lord of All.'

Apart from names, this is almost the text of the Akallabeth.

$32 After the statement that Ar-Pharazon 'turned back to the worship of the Dark' and that most of the people followed him, there enters in the Akallabeth (p. 272) the first mention of Amandil and Elendil, taking up the words of DA $26 and the opening sentences of $36 and greatly expanding them, with an account of the friendship of Ar-Pharazon and Amandil in their youth, of Sauron's hatred of Amandil, and of his withdrawal to the haven of Romenna.

The sentence 'and no man might ascend to the high place' was changed to 'for though not even Zigur dared defile the high place, yet the king would let no man, upon pain of death, ascend to it'. The revised form appears in the Akallabeth, after which there is a long passage (pp. 272 - 3) concerning the White Tree of Numenor: of the king's reluctance to fell the Tree at Sauron's bidding, of Isildur's circumventing the guards about Nimloth and taking a fruit, narrowly escaping with many wounds, and of the king's then yielding to Sauron's demand. Then follows the description of the temple, not greatly changed from that in DA II, but with the addition that the first fire made on the altar was kindled with the wood of Nimloth. Of the White Tree of Numenor there is no mention in the texts of The Drowning of Anadune.

A puzzling reference to the site of the temple may be noticed here. This is in the final version of Edwin Lowdham's page in Old English, that appearing the typescript F 2 of Part Two of The Notion Club Papers. In the earlier Old English version (pp.

314 - 15) the temple was built 'on that high mountain that was called Meneltyula (that is to say the Pillar of Heaven), which before was undefiled'. In the final version (pp. 257 - 8; certainly later than DA II, p. 375) it was built 'in the midst of the town of Arminaleth on the high hill which before was undefiled but now became a heathen fane'. Since the same words are used in both Old English texts the second version suggests a halfway stage, in which the temple was still built on the Pillar of Heaven (on daem hean munte), until now undefiled (unawidlod), but the Pillar of Heaven was in the midst of the city of Arminaleth. But this can scarcely be so, for already in DA I the story is present that the Meneltyula was deserted, and that the temple was built on a hill in the midst of the city (Antirion).

In DA II both references to Mulkher were changed to Arun, but Arun-Mulkher was retained.

$35 For the passage following the words 'And Zigur spoke to the king' the following (retained almost exactly in the Akallabeth) was substituted on a typewritten slip:

saying that his might was now so great that he might think to have his will in all things and be subject to no command or ban. 'For behold! the Avaloim have possessed themselves of the land where there is no death; and they lie to you concerning it, hiding it as best they may, because of their avarice and their fear lest the kings of Men should wrest from them the Blessed Realm, and rule the world in their stead.

And though, doubtless...

$38 Amatthane was here changed to Anadune (see under $$20, 23

above).

$39 In the Akallabeth (p. 276) there enters at this point an account of the treasures that were put aboad the ships at Romenna, with the Seven Stones ('the gift of the Eldar') and the scion of Nimloth the White Tree.

$43 their banners were black and golden: in DA I the banners were

'red as the dying sun in a great storm and as black as the night that cometh after.' So in the manuscript E of Part Two of the Papers the sails of the Numenorean ships were 'scarlet and black', but 'golden and black' in the typescript F (p. 290 note 63; 'scarlet and black' also in FN III $6, 'bloodred and black' in the earlier Old English text, pp. 314 - 15).

$44 Aglarrama, castle of the sea: in the Akallabeth the name of the great ship of Ar-Pharazon is Alcarondas, with the same meaning.

$47 The radically different conception of the Cataclysm (from both The Fall of Numenor and the Akallabeth), here derived from the Nimri but in DA I attributed merely to 'the wisest in discernment', in which the Land of Aman itself foundered, remained in the following texts: 'the fleets of the Adunai came indeed to Avalloni in the deeps of the sea, and they encompassed it about', and 'a great chasm opened in the sea between Anadune and the Deathless Land... But the land of Aman and the land of his gift, standing upon either side of the great chasm [) rift] in the seas, u ere also destroyed...'

Against the name Avalloni is pencilled Zen'naman, and this name appears written beside 'the Blessed Realm' in $$16, 23, though there struck out. At the end of $47 is written, but struck out, Zen'naman and Zen'nabar, i.e. 'Land of Aman' and 'Land of Gift' (for Zen'nabar see under $12 above). The references to Avalloni seem to amount to this: the distant city glimpsed across the sea was named by the Adunai Avalloni 'Haven of the Gods'

(Avaloi) because they thought that it was a vision of the Blessed Realm ($16). Some said that this was not so: it was only an isle on which the Nimri dwelt that they could see. The question is not resolved; but the name Avalloni was nonetheless used in $47 to refer to the Land of Aman. The statement that Avalloni was 'encompassed' by the fleets of the Adunai is possibly to be associated with the words of $16, that the Avaloi dwelt 'upon some isle or shore of the western lands'.

Apart from the opinion held by some in Anadune that the land that they could see was an isle where the Nimri dwelt, and the certainty that the Nimri must have some dwelling near to Anadune, since they came there, Tol Eressea is never referred to in The Drowning of Anadune.

The relation of the Akallabeth (pp. 278 - 9) to the earlier works in this passage is curious and characteristic. Just as in DA it is said that the fleets of Ar-Pharazon 'came indeed to Avalloni

... and they encompassed it about', so in the Akallabeth they

'encompassed Avallone'; but in the latter Avallone' is the eastern haven of Tol Eressea, and the text continues: 'and all the isle of Eressea, and the Eldar mourned, for the light of the setting sun was cut off by the cloud of the Numenoreans.' My father was in fact turning back to The Fall of Numenor ($6, p. 336), which is almost the same here - but which has 'they encompassed Avallon', and lacks the words 'and all the isle of Eressea': for in FN Avallon was the name of Eressea itself.

The description of the 'changing of the fashion of the world'

in the Akallabeth is almost exactly as in The Drowning of Anadune:

... and a great chasm opened in the sea between Numenor and the Deathless Lands, and the waters flowed down into it, and the noise and smoke of the cataracts went up to heaven, and the world was shaken. And all the fleets of the Numenoreans were drawn down into the abyss, and they were drowned and swallowed up for ever.

But whereas in The Drowning of Anadune this is followed by the statement that not only Anadune but the Land of Aman also disappeared into the great rift, in the Akallabeth my father again turned to The Fall of Numenor ($$7 - 8), telling that the king and his warriors who had set foot in the Blessed Realm were

'buried under falling hills' and 'lie imprisoned in the Caves of the Forgotten, until the Last Battle and the Day of Doom'; and then, that 'Iluvatar cast back the Great Seas west of Middle-earth... and the world was diminished, for Valinor and Eresse'a were taken from it into the realm of hidden things.' Thus the radical difference in the conception of the loss of the True West between The Drowning of Anadune and the Akallabeth was a reversion to that of The Fall of Numenor.

The passage 'Iluvatar cast back the Great Seas ...' was a revision (see V.32) of the original form of The Fall of Numenor (V.16; the second text FN II is virtually the same), in which the World Made Round was more unequivocally expressed: the Gods 'bent back the edges of the Middle-earth, and they made it into a globe ... Thus New Lands came into being beneath the Old World, and all were equally distant from the centre of the round earth...'

This subject is further discussed on pp. 391 ff.

In the concluding sentence of $47 in DA II, 'and the Avaloi dwell in secret, or have become as shadows and their power has waned', my father was following DA I, where the name Avalai is ambiguously used; in the next text DA III the sentence was changed (p. 391, $$46 - 7).

$48 Ar-Zimrahil: Tar-Ilien in DA I and in FN ($$5, 7); afterwards Tar-Miriel, whose Adunaic name was Ar-Zimraphel (Unfinished Tales p. 224, Akallabeth pp. 269 - 70).

$$49 - 50 This passage, despite many small changes in the expression, does not differ at all in its content from that in DA I, except for the addition at the end of $50 of 'Therefore some among them would still search the empty seas'. See further pp. 391 ff.

$51 After 'Nimruzan, and his sons and people' the words 'in their seven ships' were added - presumably they had been omitted unintentionally, since 'in seven ships' is present in DA I. In the Akallabeth there were nine ships, 'four for Elendil, and for Isildur three, and for Anarion two'. The sons of Elendil are not named, nor their number given, in The Drowning of Anadune.

(iv) The final form of The Drowning of Anadune.

The extensive alterations to the text of DA II detailed in the preceding commentary were taken up into the third text, DA III, which was typed on the same machine and the same paper as DA II. More changes entered in DA III, and the completed typescript was then further altered. Finally another typescript, DA IV, was made, identical in appearance to the two preceding; in this the changes made to DA III were taken up, but the completed text was scarcely emended. With DA IV this phase in the development of the Numenorean legend comes to an end.

There follows here an account, paragraph by paragraph, of the alterations made between DA II, as emended, and the final form, excluding only very minor changes (such as 'appointed time' for

'appointed hour' in $3). In general I do not distinguish between those that entered in DA III and those that were made to it subsequently, appearing in DA IV as typed.

$1 Avaloi became Avaloim throughout; this is the form in the final text F 2 of Part Two of The Notion Club Papers (see p. 375).

Eru (Eru-beni, Eruhin) became Eru throughout. In the earlier form of Lowdham's fragments the name has a short vowel (p. 311), but in the final form a long (p. 247).

$5 The opening sentence was changed to read: 'And out of the sorrows of the world the hearts of the Eruhin were turned westward, for there, as they believed, was the land of Aman and abiding peace.'

Nimri became Nimir throughout.

$6 'filled with great dread, and with longing' > 'filled with longing'

$8 Azrabel became Azrubel throughout, at first by emendation of Azrabel on DA III, and then as typed; see p. 377, $8.

Vingalote > Wingalote > Vingalote, see p. 377, $8.

$12 The Adunaic name of 'the Land of Gift' in DA III was Abarzayan (see p. 378, $12), changed to the final form Yozayan, which appears in DA IV and in the final text F 2 of The Notion Club Papers (pp. 241, 247). It is thus seen that DA III preceded F2.

$13 'so long as they remained still true' was omitted.

Adunai became Adunaim throughout (cf. the note on Avaloi, Avaloim, $1 above).

$16 'to break the ban' > 'to break the ban of Aman'

'(a vision of the Blessed Realm) that men saw' > 'that men saw by grace'

'the children of the Deathless Folk' was omitted.

$19 'And yet in the end new good turned again to evil, and Men fell, as it is said, a second time' was omitted, the following sentence beginning 'But after an age there arose a second manifestation

'(he heard of the coming) of the Eruhin' > 'of the Sea-kings out of the deeps'

$20 The name Minul-Tarik of the Pillar of Heaven, replacing Menel-Tubal (subsequently Menil-Tubal) of DA II, first appears in DA III (see p. 375).

$21 'and now again was stirring' ) 'and now the deep-planted seeds were stirring once again'