Sauron Defeated (67 page)

$23 For Amatthane in DA II $$21, 23 (where it refers to 'the Land of Gift') the following texts have Anadune; but for the Blessed Realm in DA II $23 they have Amatthani, the Blessed Realm.

Thus Amatthane, replaced in its application to Anadune in turn by Zen'nabar, Abarzayan, Yozayan, now reappears in the form Amatthani as the name of Valinor; but Avalloni is retained in $$16, 47, 50. The etymology of Amatthani is given in Lowdham's 'Report on Adunaic', p. 435.

$25 To the text of the typewritten rider attached to DA II and given on p. 382 the following was added in DA III after the words 'nor anywhere else within the girdle of the Earth': 'for it was not the Avaloim that named you in the beginning Eruhin, the children of God.'

'who made both it and you' was omitted.

$26 Arbazan became Aphanuzir, and Nimruzan became Nimruzir, in DA III. Jeremy calls Lowdham Nimruzir in The Notion Club Papers, pp. 250, 252, and the name appears in Lowdham's fragment I (B), p. 247, 'seven ships of Nimruzir eastward'.

$27 After the words of Aphanuzir (Arbazan) 'It may be so' he observes of the fraudulent argument of Ar-Pharazon: 'Yet to go behind a command is not to keep it'; and in the passage following his speech the words 'where are ices impassable', first changed to '... is ice...', were omitted.

$28 The story of the expedition of Ar-Pharazon to Middle-earth was much enlarged on a typewritten page inserted into DA III. The new text is very close to that in the Akallabeth (p. 270), but lacks the reference to the Havens of Umbar:

... and when all was ready he himself set sail into the East.

And men saw his sails coming up out of the sunset, dyed as with scarlet and gleaming with red gold, and fear fell on them and they fled far away. Empty and silent under the pale moon was the land when the King of Anadune [> Yozayan] set foot on the shore. For seven days he marched with banner and trumpet, and he came to a hill, and he went up and set there his pavilion and his throne; and he sat him down in the midst of the land, and the tents of his host were laid all about him like a field of proud flowers [) ranged all about him, blue, golden, and white, as a field of tall flowers]. Then he sent forth heralds and commanded Zigur to come before him and swear to him fealty.

A recollection of mine in connection with this passage is perhaps worth mentioning. I remember my father, in his study in the house in North Oxford, reading me The Drowning of Anadune on a summer's evening: this was in 1946, for my parents left that house in March 1947. Of this reading I recall with clarity that the tents of Ar-Pharazon were as a field of tall flowers of many colours. Since the passage only entered with the text DA III, and the naming of the colours of the flowers, 'blue, golden, and white', was pencilled onto the typescript, appearing in the final text DA IV as typed, my father was reading from DA III or DA IV. I have the strong impression that the Adunaic names were strange to me, and that my father read The Drowning of Anadune as a new thing that he had written. This seems to support the suggestion I made earlier (p. 147) that the emergence of Adunaic and the evolution of a new form of the legend of the Downfall belong to the first half of 1946.

$30 This paragraph was rewritten to read:

Yet such was the cunning of his mind, and the strength of his hidden will, that ere three years were passed he had become closest to the secret counsels of the King; for flattery sweet as honey was ever on his tongue, and knowledge he had of many things yet unrevealed to Men. And seeing the favour that he had of their lord, all the counsellors, save Aphanuzir alone, began to fawn upon him. Then slowly a change came over the land, and the hearts of the Faithful were sorely troubled.

$31 At the end of the text on the replacement slip in DA II given on p. 383, $31, after 'his name is Arun, Lord of All', was added:

'Giver of Freedom, and he shall make you stronger than they.'

$32 The description of the temple was changed on a retyped page of DA III by the alteration of the sentences following 'a mighty dome':

And that dome was wrought all of silver and rose glittering in the sun, so that the light of it could be seen afar off; but soon the light was darkened and the silver became black. For in the topmost of the dome there was a wide opening or louver, and thence there issued a great smoke...

To the second reference to Mulkher (> Arun) in DA II was added 'Giver of Freedom' (cf. $31 above).

The final sentence of the paragraph became: 'These charges were for the most part false; yet those were bitter days, and wickedness begets wickedness.'

$36 The reply of Aphanuzir (Arbazan) to Nimruzir's question

'Would you then bewray the King?' was expanded to a form approaching that in the Akallabeth (p. 275):

'Yea, verily that I would,' said Aphanuzir, 'if I thought that Aman needed such a messenger. For there is but one loyalty from which no man can be absolved in heart for any cause.

And as for the ban, I will suffer in myself alone the penalty, lest all the Eruhin become guilty.'

$38 'you must fly from fair Amatthane that is now defiled, and lose what you have loved' > 'you must fly from the land of the Star with no other star to guide you; for that land is defiled. Then you shall lose what you have loved'

$39 'But this much can be seen that' was omitted.

$41 '(the Eagles of Aman) are over Anadune! ' > 'overshadow Anadune! '

$43 'one after another in an endless line' > 'advancing in a line the end of which could not be seen'

$$46-7 This passage in DA II was closely preserved in the final form, including the reference to the fleets of the Adunaim coming to

'Avalloni in the deeps of the sea', apart from an insertion and alteration following 'For Ar-Pharazon wavered at the end and almost he turned back' in $47:

His heart misgave him when he looked upon the soundless shores and saw the Mountain of Aman shining, whiter than snow, colder than Death, silent, alone, immutable, terrible as the shadow of the light of God. But pride was now his master, and at last he left his ship, and strode upon the shore, claiming that land for his own, if none should do battle for it.

This passage was retained in the Akallabeth (p. 278), with Taniquetil for the Mountain of Aman and Iluvatar for God.

Following 'the land of Aman and the land of his gift' (near the end of $47) was added 'Amatthani and Yozayan' (see under $23 above).

The final sentence of $47 was changed to read: 'And the Avaloim thereafter had no habitation on Earth, and they dwell invisible; nor is there any place more where a memory of a world without evil is preserved.' See p. 387 ($47, at end).

$$49-50

This crucial passage was at first retained in DA III in exactly the form that it had in DA II (pp. 373 - 4) with one difference (apart from Minul-Tarik for Menil-Tubal): the end of $50 was changed to read: 'Therefore some among them would still search the empty seas, hoping to come upon the Lonely Isle. But they found it not: "for all the ways are crooked that once were straight," they said.' Already in $49 as it appears in DA I the summit of the Pillar of Heaven is called 'a lonely isle somewhere in the great waters', if it were to be found rising above the surface of the sea.

Since apart from the statements in $16 that the Nimir must have dwelt near Anadune, and that some said that it was the island of the Nimir that could be seen, Tol Eressea is otherwise conspicuous by its absence from The Drowning of Anadune, and Avalloni is a name of the Blessed Realm, it is clear that my father used the name Lonely Isle of the summit of the Pillar of Heaven on Anadune with a deliberate intention of ambiguity.

Additional typewritten pages were substituted for the conclusion ($$49 - 55) of the narrative in DA III, and $50 was extended ($$49-50)

in a very remarkable way. The text was not further changed subsequently, and this is the final form of $$49 - 50 in The Drowning of Anadune (I give the passage in full for ease of comparison with the conclusion of the Akallabeth that follows): Now the summit of Mount Minul-Tarik, the Pillar of Heaven, in the midst of the land was a hallowed place, for there the Adunaim had been wont to give thanks to Eru, and to adore him; and even in the days of Zigur it had not been defiled. Therefore many men believed that it was not drowned for ever, but rose again above the waves, a lonely island lost in the great waters, if haply a mariner should come upon it.

And many there were that after sought for it, because it was said among the remnant of the Adunaim that the far-sighted men of old could see from the Minul-Tarik the glimmer of the Deathless Land. For even after their ruin the hearts of the Adunaim were still set westward; [$50] and though they knew that the world was changed, they said: 'Avalloni is vanished from the Earth, and the Land of Gift is taken away, and in the world of this present darkness they cannot be found; yet once they were, and therefore they still are in true being and in the whole shape of the world.' And the Adunaim held that men so blessed might look upon other times than those of the body's life; and they longed ever to escape from the shadows of their exile and to see in some fashion the light that was of old. Therefore some among them would still search the empty seas, hoping to come upon the Lonely Isle, and there to see a vision of things that were.

But they found it not, and they said: 'All the ways are bent that once were straight.' For in the youth of the world it was a hard saying to men that the Earth was not plain * as it seemed to be, and few even of the Faithful of Anadune had believed in their hearts this teaching; and when in after days, what by star-craft, what by the voyages of ships that sought out all the ways and waters of the Earth, the Kings of Men knew that the world was indeed round, then the belief arose among them that it had so been made only in the time of the great Downfall, and was not thus before. Therefore they thought that, while the new world fell away, the old road and the path of the memory of the Earth went on towards heaven, as it were a mighty bridge invisible. And many were the rumours and tales among them concerning mariners and men forlorn upon the sea, who by some grace or fate had entered in upon (* plain is used in the lost sense 'flat'; but cf. the later spelling plane of the same word, and the noun plain.)

($$49-50)

the ancient way and seen the face of the world sink below them, and so had come to the Lonely Isle, or verily to the Land of Aman that was, and had looked upon the White Mountain, dreadful and beautiful, ere they died.

In the Akallabeth a good deal of this passage was retained, but given new bearings. I cite it here as it is printed in The Silmarillion, pp. 281 - 2 (some editorial alteration at the beginning and end does not affect the sense of the passage).

Among the Exiles many believed that the summit of the Meneltarma, the Pillar of Heaven, was not drowned for ever, but rose again above the waves, a lonely island lost in the great waters; for it had been a hallowed place, and even in the days of Sauron none had defiled it. And some there were of the seed of Earendil that afterwards sought for it, because it was said among loremasters that the farsighted men of old could see from the Meneltarma a glimmer of the Deathless Land. For even after the ruin the hearts of the Dunedain were still set westwards; and though they knew indeed that the world was changed, they said: 'Avallone is vanished from the Earth and the Land of Aman is taken away, and in the world of this present darkness they cannot be found. Yet once they were, and therefore they still are, in true being and in the whole shape of the world as at first it was devised.'

For the Dunedain held that even mortal Men, if so blessed, might look upon other times than those of their bodies' life; and they longed ever to escape from the shadows of their exile and to see in some fashion the light that dies not; for the sorrow of the thought of death had pursued them over the deeps of the sea. Thus it was that great mariners among them would still search the empty seas, hoping to come upon the Isle of Meneltarma, and there to see a vision of things that were. But they found it not. And those that sailed far came only to the new lands, and found them like to the old lands, and subject to death. And those that sailed furthest set but a girdle about the Earth and returned weary at last to the place of their beginning; and they said: 'All roads are now bent.'

Thus in after days, what by the voyages of ships, what by lore and star-craft, the kings of Men knew that the world was indeed made round, and yet the Eldar were permitted still to depart and to come to the Ancient West and to Avallone, if they would. Therefore the loremasters of Men said that a Straight Road must still be, for those that were permitted to find it. And they taught that, while the new world fell away, ($$49-50)