Scapegoat: The Death of Prince of Wales and Repulse (29 page)

3
. Admiral A. B. Cunningham,
A Sailor’s Odyssey. The Autobiography of Admiral of the Fleet Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, KT, GCB, OM, DSO
(1951) London, Hutchinson, 20.

4
. Letter W. H. James to J. H. Godfrey, CA DUPO 6/1, October 1945.

5
. Vice-Admiral Ronald Brockman, quoted in Nicholson, op.cit. 96.

6
. Leasor, op. cit. 183.

7
. Warren, op.cit. 77.

8
. Letter A. B. Cunningham to A. Willis CA, WLLS, 17 January 1942.

9
. Roskill,
Churchill and the Admirals,
203.

10
. Nicholson, op.cit. 163.

11
. Gray, op.cit. 59.

12
. Letter, Admiral Somerville to Admiral Cunningham BL ADD 52563, 20 October 1941.

13
. I was able to spend a considerable amount of time with both James Somerville’s son, and arrange for the son of Admiral Sir Tom Phillips to have lunch with the son of Admiral Sir James Somerville, in the late-1980s. I also worked with Captain Bill Lapper, who had for a time been Somerville’s Secretary. Bill Lapper taught me how to read Somerville’s handwriting in his indecipherable diaries. For future researchers I offer the following advice; hold the writing at eyeball height and slant it at 45 degrees.

14
. Letter to the author from Captain W. H. Lapper.

15
. Roskill,
Churchill and the Admirals,
op.cit. 270.

16
. Captain Donald Macintyre, DSO, DSC,
Fighting Admiral: The Life of Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Somerville, GCB, GBE, DSO
(1961) London, Evans, 32.

17
. Cunningham, op.cit. 436.

18
. See Oliver Warner,
Cunningham of Hyndhope. Admiral of the Fleet. A Memoir
(1967) London, John Murray.

19
. Pound to Cunningham, Cunningham Papers, BL ADD 52560, 18 August 1939.

20
. Richard Hough,
The Longest Battle: The War At Sea 1939–45 (1986)
London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 226.

21
. Cunningham to Pound, Cunningham Papers, BL, ADD 52560, 18 December 1939.

22
. CA WLLS, 12/1, Memoirs, 18.

23
. Warner, op.cit. 199.

24
. Cunningham, op.cit. 425.

25
. Captain S.W.C. Pack, CBE,
Cunningham the Commander
(1974) London, Batsford, 163.

26
. Ibid. 3.

27
. Ibid. 9.

28
. Macintyre, op.cit.126.

29
. Marder, op.cit. 366.

30
. Roskill,
Churchill and the Admirals,
181.

31
. Ibid. 199.

32
. Ibid. 119.

33
. Ibid.

34
. Ibid. 234.

Chapter 11: The Loss of
Prince of Wales
and
Repulse
: A Revaluation – the Preliminaries

1
. Nicholson, op.cit.

2
. Roskill,
Churchill and the Admirals,
203.

3
. PRO, PREM 3, 163/3, but quoted in almost every book on Force Z.

4
. Marder, op.cit. 366.

5
. Ronald Bassett, op.cit. 228.

6
. Middlebrook, op.cit. 58.

7
. Ibid. 52.

8
. Gray
,
op.cit. 24.

9
. Ibid. 25.

10
. Sir Andrew Gilchrist,
Malaya 1941
(1992). London, Robert Hale, 163.

11
. Ibid. 35.

12
. Alan Warren,
Singapore: Britain’s Greatest Defeat
(2005) Hambledon and London, London/New York, 55.

13
. Marder, op.cit. 381.

Chapter 12: The Loss of
Prince of Wales
and
Repulse
: A Revaluation – The Action

1
. Lieutenant R. Dyer, HMS
Tenedos
, quoted Middlebook, op.cit.105.

2
. Lieutenant Commander F. J. Cartwright, HMS
Express
, Ibid.106.

3
. Arthur Nicholson, op.cit. 71.

4
. Nicholson, op.cit. 47.

5
. Ibid.73.

6
. PRO, ADM, 199/1149.

7
. Bassett, op.cit. 232.

8
. A comprehensive and verbatim list of all signals relevant to the action can be found in Nicholson, op.cit. 192–223.

9
. Ibid.105.

10
. Julian Thompson, op.cit. 134.

11
. Gray, op.cit. 40.

12
. Middlebrook, op.cit. 123.

13
. See Nicholson, op.cit.

14
. Quoted widely, but see Middlebrook, op.cit.145 et.al.

15
. Middlebrok, op.cit. 144.

16
. Hough, op.cit. 205.

17
. Stephen Roskill,
The War at Sea, Volume 1: the Defensive
(1954) London, HMSO, 565.

18
. Nicholson
,
op.cit.117.

19
. Ibid. 118.

20
. Ibid.

21
. Hough, op.cit. 215.

22
. Middlebrook, op.cit. 175.

23
. Ordinary Seaman Derek Wilson, quoted Middlebrook, op.cit.185.

24
. Bassett, op.cit. 248.

25
. Nicholson, op.cit. 134.

26
. Ibid. 136.

27
. Ibid. 137.

28
. Alan Warren, op.cit. 78.

Select Bibliography

This is not an exhaustive list, but simply one containing those works I have quoted from and which I have found most useful.

Arnold, Michael,
The Sacrifice of Singapore. Churchill’s Biggest Blunder
(2001) Marshal Cavendish, Singapore.

Barnett, Correlli,
Engage the Enemy More Closely. The Royal Navy in the Second World War
(1991) London, Hodder & Stoughton.

Bassett, Ronald,
Battle-Cruisers. A History 1908–1948
(1981) Macmillian, London.

Bell, Christopher M.,
Churchill & Sea Power
(2013) Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Bennett, Geoffrey,
The Loss of the Prince of Wales and Repulse
(1973) Sea Battles in Close-Up 7, London, Ian Allan.

Bose, Roman,
Singapore at War. Secrets from the Fall, Liberation & Aftermath of WWII
(2012) Marshall Cavendish, Singapore.

Burt, R.A.,
British Battleships 1919–1945
(2012) Revised Edition, Barnsley, Seaforth Publishing.

Butler, J.R.M.,
Grand Strategy Volume 2: The History of the Second World War September 1939 – June 1941
(1957) London, HMSO.

Cull, Brian, with Sortehaug, Paul and Haselden, Mark,
Buffaloes Over Singapore
(2003) London, Grub Street.

Cunningham, Viscount Hyndehope,
A Sailors’s Odyssey
(1951) Hutchinson, London.

Falk, Stanley L.,
Seventy Days to Singapore (1975)
G.P. Putnam’s Sons.

Garzke, W. H. Jnr, Denlay, Kevin V, Dulin, Robert O. Jnr,
A Re-analysis of the Tragic Loss of HMS Prince of Wales
www.pacificwreck.com
, nd.

Gilchrist, Sir Andrew,
Malaya 1941
(1992) London, Robert Hale.

Gray, Edwin,
Operation Pacific. The Royal Navy’s War Against Japan 1941–1945
(1990) Leo Cooper, London.

Grenfell, Russell,
Main Fleet to Singapore
(1987) Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Gough, Barry, V.
Prince of Wales and Repulse: Churchill’s “Veiled Threat” Reconsidered
; Paper delivered to 2007 International Churchill Conference, Vancouver.

Hack, Carl and Blackburn, Kevin,
Did Singapore Have to Fall? Churchill and the Impregnable Fortress
(2004) Routledge, London.

Hough, Richard H.,
The Hunting of Force Z. Britain’s Greatest Modern Naval Disaster
(1963) Collins, London.
The Longest Battle: The War At Sea 1939–45
(1986) London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Ismay, Lord,
The Memoirs of General The Lord Hastings Lionel Ismay
(1960) Heinemann, London.

Law, Derek,
The Royal Navy in World War Two. An Annotated Bibliography
(1988) London, Greenhill Books.

Leasor, James,
Singapore. The Battle That Changed the World
(1981) London, Hodder & Stoughton.

Leutze, James,
A Different Kind of Victory: A Biography of Admiral Thomas C. Hart
(1981) Annapolis, Naval Institute Press.

Macintyre, Captain Donald DSO, DSC.
Fighting Admiral: The Life of Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Somerville, GCB, GBE, DSO
(1961) London, Evans.

Marder, Arthur J.,
Old Friends, New Enemies. The Royal Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy. Strategis Illusions 1936–1941
(1981) Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Matthews, Alan,
The Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse. A series of personal accounts compiled from crew members
.
www.microworks.net/pacific/personal/pow_repulse.htm

Middlebrook, Martin and Mahoney, Patrick,
Battleship. The Loss of the Prince of Wales and Repulse
(1977) London, Allen Lane.

Nicholson, Arthur,
Hostages to Fortune. Winston Churchill and the Loss of the Prince of Wales and Repulse
(2005) Sutton Publishing, Stroud.

Pack, Captain S.W.C., CBE,
Cunningham the Commander
(1974) London, Batsford.

Raven, Alan, and Roberts, John,
British Battleships of World War Two
(1981) London, Arms & Armour Press, Third Impression.

Roskill, Stephen,
Churchill and the Admirals
(1977) Collins, London.
The Navy At War 1939–1945
(1960) London, Collins.

The War at Sea, Volume 1: the Defensive
(1954) London, HMSO.

Stephen, Martin,
The Fighting Admirals. British Admirals of World War 2
(1988) London, Leo Cooper.

Stephen, Martin, and Grove, Eric, ed.,
Sea Battles in Close-Up: World War 2
(1988) London, Ian Allen.

Tarrant, V. E.,
King George V Class Battleships
(1991) Arms & Armour/Cassell, London.

Thompson, Peter,
The Battle for Singapore. The True Story of the Greatest Catastrophe of World War II
(2006) Piatkus/Little, Brown, London.

Thompson, Julian,
The Imperial War Museum Book of the War At Sea. The Royal Navy in the Second World War
(1996) Sidgwick & Jackson/Imperial War Museum, London.

Tsuji, Masanobu,
Singapore: The Japanese Version. London, Constable, 1962
(2002).

Warren, Alan,
Singapore: Britain’s Greatest Defeat
(2002) Hambledon and London, London/New York.