Sentimental Education (Barnes & Noble Classics Series) (79 page)

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Authors: Gustave Flaubert

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k
Secret societies of opponents to the current regimes flourished under the Restoration (1814-1830, when the Bourbon kings returned to rule after the fall of Napoleon I) and the July Monarchy (1830; the July Revolution forced Charles X to abdicate and Louis-Philippe became king in his place).
l
The conquest of Algeria lasted from 1830 to 1871.
m
The civic militia created during the French Revolution to maintain public order; it was abolished in 1871.
n
The Romantics Alfred de Musset (1810-1857), Victor Hugo (1802-1885), and Théophile Gautier (1811-1872) had rendered Spain fashionable.
o
The regency of Philippe d
Or1éans (1715-1723) was a time of moral laxity.
p
The ancient Faculty of Theology of Paris had then become a public university.
q
The École Polytechnique, founded in 1794, a very prestigious school of science and engineering.
r
This is a parody of a poem about Napoleon I by Victor Hugo in
Les Orientales
(1829;
Oriental Poems).
s
The Luxembourg palace and gardens are in the Latin Quarter.
t
Lorettes
and
grisettes
were working girls of easy mores.
u
Melodramas and Romantic dramas were performed at the Porte Saint-Martin Theater.
v
Small town in the suburbs of Paris.
w
Romantic novels, by François de Chateaubriand and Alfred de Vigny (1797-1863), respectively, and a collection of lyrical poems by Victor Hugo.
x
At the time, an excise tax was collected on certain merchandise brought into Paris.
y
Auguste Barthélemy (1796-1867) was a satirical poet of the time.
z
The influential mistress of Louis XV in the eighteenth century.
aa
Reference to a popular operetta,
Le Postillon de Longjumeau.
ab
Spanish painter José de Ribera (1591-1652).
ac
Name given to the chiefs of the eleventh- through thirteenth-century Shiite sect the Hashshashin (Assassins), known for murdering their enemies; here, it refers to M. Oudry.
ad
Slogan of the proponents of total liberty in trade and economic matters.
ae
The Paris botanical garden, Le Jardin des Plantes, included a zoo and a natural history museum, Le Museum national d’histoire naturelle.
af
the Museum of Versailles was created by Louis-Philippe. Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863) and Antoine-Jean, Baron Gros (1771-1833), were famous Romantic painters.
ag
Ultra-Catholic association active during the sixteenth-century French Wars of Religion.
ah
Lola Montez was an Irish adventuress whose seduction of King Ludwig I of Bavaria forced him to abdicate in 1848.
ai
Exhibition in Paris of the works of living artists.
aj
Balzac’s
Histoire des treize
(1833-1835;
History of the Thirteen)
comprises three novels, all dealing with secret associations of superior men.
ak
Protector of arts and letters under the Roman emperor Augustus (63 B.C.—A.D. 14).
al
Liberal figure of the Restoration whose funeral in 1825 attracted an enormous crowd.
am
The
La Reine Margot
(1845;
Queen Margot)
of Alexandre Dumas
(père)
unfavorably depicted the Valois kings of the Renaissance.
an
See endnote 17 to part one.
ao
Historian and politician Adolphe Thiers (1797-1877) was a left-center minister for Louis-Philippe (1773-1850) until his replacement by right-winger François Guizot (1787-1874); later he became a conservative republican.
ap
Henri IV of France (1553-1610), prince of Béarn, in the Pyrenees.
aq
This is a reference to Antony, protagonist of a drama of the same name by Alexandre Dumas, and prototype of the somber Romantic lover.
ar
Pact established between Russia, Austria, and Prussia in 1815.
as
Elegant café in the center of Paris.
at
Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821), a Legitimist and Catholic thinker of the post-revolutionary era.
au
Region in western France, on the Atlantic Ocean.
av
Sophie Arnould (as distinguished from Marie Arnoux) was a singer and an “easy woman” of the time.
aw
Adolphe Thiers, Jacques Dulaure, Brugière de Barante, and Alphonse de Lamartine were nineteenth-century liberal historians. Lamartine was also a poet.
ax
The site of a Parisian riot in 1834 that was followed by a random massacre of the rioters by the soldiers.
ay
Austen, Steuben, and Barbès had been condemned for the May 1839 attack.
az
Ridiculous character in the comedy
Le Barbier de Seville
(1775;
The Barber of Seville),
by Pierre Caron de Beaumarchais.
ba
Brother of Louis XVI, and future king Charles X (1757-1836).
bb
The constitution “granted” to the French by Louis XVIII in 1814.
bc
Prison in the center of Paris.
bd
Since freedom of political gathering was restricted, the opposition launched a “campaign of banquets” to propagate its ideas.
be
The Jesuits had been first banished from France in 1764. Suppressed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773, they were reestablished by Pope Pius VII in 1814 and banished again from France in 1845. Lille is a city in northern France.
bf
Drama drawn from an Alexandre Dumas novel of the same name (1847) about the French Revolution.
bg
At the beginning of his papacy (1846-1878), Pius IX appeared to be a liberal.
bh
Rouget
also means red mullet.
bi
La Tour de Nesle
(1832;
The Tower of Nesle)
is a historical drama by Alexandre Dumas full of orgies and crimes.
bj
Village close to Paris, today part of the capital.
bk
Many caricatures of the time represented Louis-Philippe’s head as a pear.
bl
Eighteenth-century church in the form of a Greek temple not far from the Place de la Concorde in Paris.
bm
Lawyer and royalist politician opposed to Louis-Philippe.
bn
The child’s disease was the croup, which affects the larynx.
bo
Louis-Philippe replaced Guizot with Comte Mole (1781-1855).
bp
Marshall Bugeaud, who had conquered Algeria, ordered the massacre at Rue Transnonain (see footnote on p. 260).
bq
“Square” refers to the Palais-Royal (see footnote on p. 30).
br
Under the Provisional Government, Caussidière formed a police force that comprised active opponents to the previous regime.
bs
1793 was the French Revolution’s year of the Terror.
bt
Ferdinand Flocon, a minister in the Provisional Government, always sported a pipe.
bu
The article that Frédéric wrote for the Troyes newspaper.
bv
Socialist theoretician Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) was a founder of anarchism and a promoter of economic and political federalism.
bw
The district in the
département
of Aube where M. Dambreuse has his property.
bx
That is, of the ultra-royalists.
by
Newspaper that supported the July Monarchy.
bz
Maximilien Robespierre, Louis de Saint-Just, and their friends who were guillotined by their enemies in July (Thermidor in the revolutionary calendar) 1794.
ca
Antoine-Quentin Fouquier-Tinville was the pitiless prosecutor of the Revolutionary Tribunal during the French Revolution’s Year of Terror.
cb
A royalist deputy in 1848, Count Frédéric de Falloux voted for the dissolution of the national workshops.
cc
Alleging her equerry Gian Rinaldo Monaldeschi had revealed her secret political plans, Queen Christina of Sweden had him executed at Fontainebleau in the seventeenth century.
cd
Favorite
of Henry II in the sixteenth century.
ce
The Croix-Rousse was a neighborhood of silk weavers and workers in Lyons.
cf
City east of Paris.
cg
A southern limit of Paris.
ch
A hospital.
ci
The Comte de Chambord (1820-1883), Legitimist contender to the throne.
cj
the minister of war in the Provisional Government, General Louis-Eugene Cavaignac crushed the June rebellion in 1848.
ck
Since prisons were full, insurgents were incarcerated in these improvised cells.
cl
Christophe Lamoricière was a general under the orders of Cavaignac during the June repression (see footnote on p. 375).
cm
The right of divorce was recognized by the French revolutionary government and subsequently abolished during the Restoration.
cn
Surname of a famous French caricaturist.
co
Spa on the French Riviera.
cp
The conservatives held meetings in an apartment on the Rue de Poitiers in Paris.
cq
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (1808-1873), running against General Cavaignac, was elected by a vast majority (see footnote on p. 375).
cr
Nicolas Changarnier was a general who in June 1849 liberated the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, which was occupied by demonstrators.
cs
A number of June insurgents were transported to Belle-Île, an island in Brittany.
ct
He was dismissed by President Bonaparte in 1851 because he was an Orleanist (see the second footnote on p. 407).
cu
Cemetery laid out in 1804 in eastern Paris; many illustrious people are buried there.
cv
Initially an opponent, Count Charles de Montalembert (1810-1870), a liberal Catholic journalist, came around to the cause of Louis-Napoleon.
cw
Two liberal politicians; the latter was also a Romantic writer.
cx
Village a few miles north of Paris.
cy
Cypresses were commonly associated with mourning.
cz
Pierre-Jean de Béranger (1780-1857) was a very popular poet and chansonnier.
da
The Cossacks had occupied Paris in the wake of Napoléon I’s defeat in 1815.
db
Le Siecle was a leftist newspaper.
dc
On December 2,1851, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte led his coup d‘état. Mazas was a prison in Paris.
dd
On the night of December 3, resistance to the coup was bloodily crushed.
de
Famous café on the boulevards.
df
City in northern Algeria.
dg
Goethe’s hero of
Die Leiden des jungen Werther
(1774;
The Sorrows of Young Werther),
the tragic lover of Lotte.
dh
See footnote on p. 17.

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