Shades of Mao: The Posthumous Cult of the Great Leader (51 page)

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Authors: Geremie Barme

Tags: #History, #Asia, #China, #Literary Criticism, #Asian, #Chinese, #Political Science, #Political Ideologies, #Communism; Post-Communism & Socialism, #World, #General, #test

BOOK: Shades of Mao: The Posthumous Cult of the Great Leader
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Page 165
face with wrinkles. Its skin was smooth and, when He was alive, it "glowed with health and vigour, and he enjoyed a ruddy complexion."
7
He shone with the light of energy. In the crystal sarcophagus His face has lost the sheen of life and appears more solemn. He is majestic and aloof.
He was an awesome Commander-in-Chief who subdued an age of restlessness through will-power alone. The raging torrents of the Yellow River and the Yangtze coursed through His veins. His massive chest rose like a great mountain. No force on earth could withstand Him; none could control Him. He was the enactor of His own will; it was like lightning or a tempest, both majestic and terrifying. He deployed it as a warrior would wield a weapon.
He was a Lord of Destruction: swinging a shovel in His hands he buried Old China in an instant.
He was a Master of Creation: using the methods that eliminated reactionaries He established a new order.
Unity of thought, unity of will, unity of action: in clenching His fist he smelted the loose sands of China
8
into a lead ingot, melding hundreds of millions of Chinese into one body.
That profound gaze of His could see through everything.
9
Nothing could escape His vision, not even the most subtle changes deep in the hearts of men. Therefore, He was able to discover all plots, starting with Zhang Guotao
10
and right up to the time of Lin Biao and the "Gang of Four."
In His speech He combined the talents of both lawyer and judge. The Hunanese accent sounded particularly powerful and moving when it issued from His lips. He used it to advocate causes throughout His life: for the "movement of the riffraff,"
11
for a boat on the horizon, the morning sun and a baby,
12
for democracy, freedom and dictatorship, in defence of the "Three Red Banners,"
13
in inner party struggles, and so on and so forth. When speaking in favour of something every word would touch His listeners. His unshakable faith made it possible for Him to turn the tide in His favour. He delighted in contradictions, and in the face of conflict He would act as the arbiter of truth, settling the fate of the universe with unflinching certainty. But His arguments and decisions were never simplistic; they were like the sun that shines into every nook and cranny of society. The brilliant effulgence of His Thought lit up the souls of all Chinese. . . .
Mao Zedong, the man who once stood on the rostrum of Tiananmen, now lies in front of it. The sun no longer shines on Him, and the holy aura that once surrounded Him has faded.
Those who come to see Him experience many different emotions: some are sorrowful, others thoughtful, and there are those who are moved. But

 

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none are as delighted as they were in the past to see Him. A transmogrification has occurred: in the past He was respected as a god, today He is revered as a man.
People, therefore, can appreciate His weaknesses and inadequacies. Indeed, He is like the sun that shines down on a brooding, dark land but, because He is the sun, He leaves a penumbra around the objects He illuminates.
For someone to cast a shadow that is the same shape as their body is a type of good fortune.
Transmigration:
What if Mao Zedong Came Back. . . .
14
Strange thoughts often occur to a person who is lost in soulful reflection: "What would it be like if Mao Zedong really did come back?"
What a ridiculous idea!
But when a university student questioned a number of people no one thought he was being silly for he had introduced himself by saying: "I am a time-traveller searching for Mao Zedong in my spaceship, `The Explorer.'"
You could tell from his thick volume of research notes that everyone had responded to his absurd question with the utmost seriousness.
It was as though we too are driven by a mysterious force that begs us to meditate on the prospect of Mao's return.
If he came back would everyone still support His authority? Would they still cry out "Long Live Chairman Mao!"? What would he think of China today? Could His genius formulate answers to the problems of modernization? Would He want to revise His Thought? Which of His past policies would He continue to pursue?
People are willing to take this ridiculous hypothesis seriously because it raises a number of sensitive and practical issues. It forces people to compare the past with the present. It undermines superficial harmony and reveals the tension between sentiment and rationality. It forces people to be honest and practical, as opposed to hypocritical and fashionable. Praise and well-intentioned criticism are thereby placed on an equal footing. The penetrating clarity of traffic lights always confronts people mesmerized by flashy displays of neon street signs. . . .
Very well, then, let us look into the logbook of "The Explorer" and see what representatives of various groups of people have said:
A retired cadre replied emotionally as he stared at the portrait of Chairman Mao on his wall:
"I followed Chairman Mao into battle and took part in national construc-

 

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tion after 1949. I suffered quite a lot during the CultRev although I was only following the Chairman's instructions. But my life is inextricably linked with the name Mao Zedong. If He were still alive I would follow His orders. I often dream of Chairman Mao. Sooner or later I will go to see Him in the afterlife. If I let Him down now how could I ever face Him?"
A theoretician who stood in the front ranks in the struggle against Bourgeois Liberalization said, tired though obviously delighted with victory:
15
"Chairman Mao would be deeply relieved to know that we have undertaken the present struggle against Bourgeois Liberalization. The Chairman was always on the alert when it came to the corrosive influence of bourgeois thought. He never ceased His fight against it and never showed any pity."
After slight hesitation one intellectual said:
"There's no denying the fact that intellectuals are much better off now than they used to be. But . . . Chairman Mao was never against knowledge as such, although He laid greater emphasis on transforming intellectuals than using them. This was understandable. Intellectuals from the old society were deficient in many respects and if they weren't kept in check there would have been trouble. Most intellectuals today were trained in New China, when the Chairman was alive. He would have approved of them."
One entrepreneur, the first 10,000
yuan
businessman in his district, wasn't that comfortable with the question:
"There's no denying the fact that people are better off than they used to be. And the private economy is developing. I don't know why, even among people who've made a bundle, there's a lot of nostalgia for the days of Chairman Mao. Would He approve of 10,000
yuan
households? I wouldn't dare speculate, but I do know He'd be happy that the standard of living has improved."
A youngster of primary-school age (in sixth grade, sincere and devoid of all signs of crass acquisitiveness) responded:
"My parents and grandparents, as well as my aunts, uncles and teachers often tell me stories about Granddad Mao. They're great! He was a real hero. I'd love to have met Him so He could tell me how He led the Red Army in the War. I've been to the Memorial Hall to see Granddad Mao. I don't know why but I cried. He was lying there all still in that crystal case. It was really sad."
This evidence makes it impossible for us to make any definite claims. . . .
There's an absurd yet heartfelt popular myth: Mao Zedong has reincarnated. . . .
It is easy to understand the sincere and well-meaning people who want

 

Page 168
Mao to live forever. In life people prayed that He would live 10,000 years; after He died, they hoped He would be reborn.
But do people realize that Chairman Mao hasn't left us at all? Rather, when He died, He entered our very souls and has merely been enjoying a rest there. After His life-long labours He deserved a respite. Anyway, everyone was so busy with carrying out Reform He didn't want to distract us.
But this rebirth of History has taken place in response to our present needs, a response to a feeling of dependency.
Mao Zedong exists today not as a physical reality for long ago He was transmogrified into a spiritual force, a belief, an ideal.
It's a simple principle: He exists, but only if you believe in Him.
If you have faith in Mao Zedong then He will live in your heart forever.
Notes
1. Su Ya and Jia Lusheng,
Baimao heimaoZhongguo gaige xianzhuang toushi.
2.
Epang gong
was built by Qin Shihuang.
3. Mao offered the masses of adoring supporters who lined the Yangtse to greet him on his famous 1966 swim the response: "Long Live the People!" (
renmin wansui!
). See the editorial "Genzhe Mao zhuxi zai dafeng dalangzhong qianjin."
4. These are the historical figures listed derisively by Mao in his poem "Snow."
5. The Big Dipper or Northern Dipper (
Beidouxing
), a group of stars in Ursa Major, represents the God of Longevity and is a traditional object of veneration. Other stars are said to revolve around it.
6. A
tiancai.
Lin Biao claimed that Mao was a genius, a status from which Mao himself resiled.
7. In Chinese
shencai yiyi, hongguang manmian.
This standard propaganda formulation was used to describe Mao in his declining years.
8. In the past the Chinese were spoken of as being like a "plate of loose sand" (
yi pan sansha
) that could never be formed into a whole.
9. "To see through everything," or
dongcha yiqie,
was commonly used in the Cultural Revolution to describe Mao's supposedly uncanny ability to uncover plots against himself and, in the same token, the Party.
10. Zhang Guotao (1897-1979), a Party leader who split with his fellows over the route of the Long March in 1936, established his own Central Committee. In 1938, he sided with the KMT and was purged from the Communist Party.
11. The "movement of the riffraff" (
pizi yundong
) was the Hunan peasant movement Mao wrote about in 1927. See "Report on the Hunan Peasant Movement" (
Hunan nongmin yundong kaocha baogao
),
Mao Zedong xuanji, yijuanben,
p. 18.

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