choosing such a title I thought I might be able to show how hard I have struggled to understand Mao.
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 | 1. Pu Dahua, a Red Guard leader at the same school, gave these details in his 1995 interview with Sang Ye. From Sang Ye, "Piandi yingxiong xia xiyan: Weidade 1966," unpublished interview transcript. The Qinghua Middle School students formally adopted the name "Red Guards" at what they called the "Yuanmingyuan Meeting" in the former Summer Palace near their school, on 29 May 1966. Mao expressed support for the students in a letter addressed to them in August that year.
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| 2. See Zhang Chengzhi,
Huiminde huangtu gaoyuan: Zhang Chengzhi huizu xiaoshuo;
also Zhang Chengzhi, "Hanwula-haote," pp. 636-37, for further evidence of his devotion to Mao in the early 1970s.
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| 3. See Yin Hongbiao, "Rendao zhongniande `Hongweibing' shidai," p. 39. The Five Great Leaders (
wuda lingxiu
) were: Nie Yuanzi, Kuai Dafu, Han Aijing, Wang Dabin and Tan Houlan (deceased).
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| 4.
Mao zhuxi rang women zhangquan; Deng Xiaoping rang women zhengqian.
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| 5. For another view by a famous ex-Red Guard writer in exile published about the same time as this essay, see Zheng Yi, "Miandui yidapian jingshen feixu," pp. 56-57.
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| 6. This is a conflation of comments that Mao made to Central and Beijing municipal leaders in mid 1966.
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| 7. See "Liezhuan di shijiu: Ruan Ji," in Fang Xuanlin, et. al,
Jin shu,
vol. 3,
juan
49, p. 1361.
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| 8. See "Zuo Zhou Huang liezhuan di wushiyi: Huang Qiong," in Fan Ye,
Houhan shu,
vol. 3,
juan
61, p. 2031.
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| 9. For the full Chinese text of this letter, see Mao Zedong, "Mao Zedong gei Jiang Qingde xin, 1966 nian 7 yue 8 ri," pp. 55-56.
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