She Has Her Mother's Laugh: The Powers, Perversions, and Potential of Heredity (103 page)

Simson, Richard,
210
–11

single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),
193
,
210
,
213

skin color,
199
–202,
228
–31,
484

skin diseases,
229
–31,
265
–66,
357
–58,
367
,
535

Skinner, Michael,
428

Skinner, Robert and Judith,
254

SLC24A5 gene,
231
,
233

slipper limpets,
329
–30

Smith, David,
479

Society of Friends,
287
–88

somatic cells

and CRISPR technology,
524

and engineering of embryonic cells,
544
,
546

and epigenetics,
439
,
442

and genetic engineering,
511

and human germ line engineering,
526
–27

and microbiomes,
409

and preimplantation genetic diagnosis,
532

somatic mutation,
354
,
360
,
368

and Weismann's germ line theory,
56

South Korea,
269
,
271
,
315
–16

Spain,
17
–18,
27

Sparrow, Robert,
538
,
549

Spearman, Charles,
297

sperm,
408
,
441
,
479
–80,
503
–4,
527
–28,
540

spermatids,
547

sprue,
108

Stalin, Joseph,
500

Stark Bro's company,
41
,
64

Station for Experimental Evolution,
79

statistical analysis,
35
,
119
,
155
,
259
–60,
283
–84

STC2 gene,
279
–80,
536

stem cells,
345
,
378
–79,
387

Stephens, Matthew,
215

Steptoe, Patrick,
504
–5,
509

sterilization,
85
,
87
,
93
–95,
101
,
118
,
312

Stockard, Charles,
478
–79

Stocks, Percy,
266

Stoddard, George,
313

STRUCTURE,
215
–16,
218
–20,
283

Stulp, Gert,
270

Sturge-Weber syndrome,
358
–59

Sturtevant, Alfred,
148

Surani, Azim,
440
–41

Surui people,
209
,
220

Sutti, Sheila,
183
–85

Swaythling, England,
456
–57

symbiosis,
408
–11,
419

Szyf, Moshe,
432
–33

Taita thrushes,
214
–16,
218

Takahashi, Kazutoshi,
544
–45

Tasmanian devils,
391
–400

Tay-Sachs disease,
3
,
212

T cells,
345

Terman, Lewis,
291
,
313
–14

TERT protein,
529

tetragametic chimeras,
382
,
384

thiaminase,
448
–49

Third International Eugenics Congress,
499

Thomas, W. H.,
211

Thomson, James,
545

thyroid,
306
,
390

Tippett, Patricia,
379
–80

Tishkoff, Sarah,
229
–31

toadflax,
423
–25,
439
,
443
,
475

tomatoes,
492
–93

totipotency,
341
–42,
382
,
407
,
436
,
546

transcription factors,
242

transgenerational epigenetic inheritance,
435
–36,
438
–41,
443
,
566

transplantation,
375
–76,
543

Treatise on Cattle
(Mills),
370

Treatise on Natural Inheritance
(Lucas),
45
–46

Treves, Frederick,
351
–52

triploid embryos,
525
,
526

Tsoi, Astrea,
360
–65

Tsoi, Sici,
360
–65

Tsuji, Frederick,
406

Tucker, William,
299

tumors,
274
,
353
–54,
392
–400,
472
.
See also
cancers

Turkheimer, Eric,
310
–11

Turnbull, Doug,
517

23andMe,
180
,
182
,
240
–42

twins

and chimerism,
380
–82,
384

and CRISPR research,
497

and effects of meiosis on heredity,
151
–52

and ethical issues of scientific advances,
541

and freemartins,
370
–72,
373
–76,
378
–79

and genetic screening,
505

and height research,
264
–67,
280

and intelligence research,
290
,
297
–300,
303
,
305
,
310
–11

and Mengele's research,
187

and microbiomes,
415

and ooplasm transfers,
516

Twins
(Newnan, Freeman, and Holzinger),
297
–98

twin spotting,
350

Type II diabetes,
216

Tyson, Edward,
254
–55

Udolph, Gerald,
389

“The Uniqueness of the Individual” (Medawar),
379

US Army Forces DNA Identification Laboratory,
178

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
515
,
521

US Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee,
512

US Supreme Court,
93
,
541
–42

Uyghurs,
307
–8

vaccinations,
532
–33

vancomycin resistance,
141
–42

The
Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication
(Darwin),
43
,
48
,
52
,
54
,
442

Verschuer, Otmar van,
94

vertical inheritance,
140

vesicomyid clams,
408
,
412

Villermé, Louis-René,
257
–58,
267

vinclozolin,
428
,
435

Vineland Training School

and Carol Buck,
111

and Davenport,
79
–81

and eugenics ideology,
84
–85,
88
–91,
96
,
101
–2

Goddard's removal from,
92
,
101

and Goddard's research,
75
–79,
81
–83,
88
–91

and Kite's fieldwork,
81
–83

origin of,
67
–68

Pearl Buck's support of,
113
–15

Penrose's visit to,
120
–21

and PKU testing,
131
–32

Wolverton's admission to,
68
–73

Virchow, Rudolf,
326

viruses

and bacterial restriction enzymes,
487

and chimerism,
392
–93,
395
,
397
–98,
400
–401

and CRISPR mechanism,
143
–44,
488
–89,
524

and gene therapy,
511
–12,
532

and horizontal inheritance,
142

and Mendel's Law,
473
–74

and retrotransposons,
441

Visscher, Peter,
151
,
266
–67,
281
–82,
303

Waddington, Conrad,
331
–34,
342
,
344

Wagner, Richard,
498

Wallace, Douglas,
421

Walsh, Christopher,
368
–69

Walsh, Richard,
111
–12

water fleas,
475
–76

Watson, James,
124
–25

Weismann, August

and chimerism,
394

and embryonic development research,
328
–29,
332
–33

and epigenetics,
437

and ethical issues of scientific advances,
543

and genetic vs. nongenetic heredity,
472
–73,
478
–79

and germ line/soma distinction,
56
–60,
143
–44,
329
,
394
,
409
,
426
,
511
,
524
,
545
–46

and neurogenesis,
347

and ooplasm transfers,
515

Wellcome Trust study,
278

Whalley, Lawrence,
293
–94

What Is Intelligence?
(Flynn),
308

White, Philip Dudley,
212

White, William Allen,
90

Whiten, Andrew,
459

Wiedenheft, Blake,
489

Wilker, Karl,
94

Wilkins, Maurice,
124

William Harvey Research Institute,
275

William the Conqueror,
163
,
165
,
241

Wills, William,
449
–51,
454

Wilmut, Ian,
544

Wilson, Allan,
192

Wilson, Edmund Beecher,
330
–31

Wilson, J. G.,
211

Wilson, Woodrow,
85

Winkler, Hans,
377

Winthrop, John,
166

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test,
301
–2

witches'-broom,
348
–49.
See also
mosaicism

Wolff, Caspar Friedrich,
326

Wolff, Louis,
127
–29

Wolverton, Emma

burial place,
132

and fetal alcohol syndrome,
478
,
480

and Goddard's research,
77
–78,
82
–83,
103
–6

and
The Kallikak Family,
86
,
91
–92

and theories of wealth inequality,
566

and the Vineland Training School,
69
–73,
91
–92,
111

Wolverton, John,
83
,
86
,
103
,
163

Wolverton, Malinda,
69
,
82
,
104
,
163

Wolynn, Mark,
436

World War I,
89
,
203

World War II,
101
,
113
,
121
,
206
,
296
,
313
,
375
,
499

Wormeley, Agatha,
165

Wright, Robert,
134

X chromosomes

and chimerism,
381
,
393

and
Drosophila
research,
98
,
153

fragile X mutation,
4
–5

and genetic screening,
505

and genetic testing and counseling,
5

and Lyon's research,
334
–41

and meiosis,
147
–48

and mosaicism,
355

and mutagenic chain reaction,
554

Xic,
338
–39

Xist,
339

X-ray mutagenesis,
490

Yamanaka, Shinya,
543
,
545
–47

Yamnaya culture,
227
–28

Yandruwandha people,
448
–51,
454

Y chromosomes

and chimerism,
380
–81,
387
–91,
393
,
398

and
Drosophila
research,
98

and genetic screening,
505

and Lyon's research,
334
–35

and mosaicism,
355

and tracing lineages,
178
–79,
190
–92

Y-chromosome “Adam,”
192

yellow gene,
550
–55

Yong, Ed,
537

Zhang, Feng,
490
–91

Zhang, John,
515
,
521
–22

Zielinski, Dina,
222
–24

Zimmer, Ben,
252

Zimmer, Charlotte,
1
–7,
150
–51,
251
–52,
344
,
445
–47,
449
,
463

Zimmer, Grace,
1
–7,
150
–51,
155
,
180
,
184
–85,
344

Zimmer, Jacob,
170

Zimmer, Veronica,
5
,
150
–51,
251
–52,
344

Zimmer, William,
4
,
157

Zimmer, Wolf,
221

Zioberg, Magnus,
422
–23

zygotes

and ancestral overgrowth,
327

and chimerism,
393

and CRISPR research,
496

and embryonic pedigrees,
329

and freemartins,
374

and human germ line engineering,
525

and microbiomes,
407

and mosaicism,
355
,
357
,
360
,
366