in war
163
,
173
see also
information
Fenn, Dan
126
Fernandez, Ana Maria
182
filing problem
21–5
,
30–2
,
30
,
33–6
financial markets
and competition
72
and crowd effect
4
,
8
,
69
,
88
and decision-making
113–15
,
120
,
122
,
132–3
and emergent phenomena
19
,
116
external influences on
125–6
and feedback
114–15
,
117
,
119
,
124
forecasting
113–27
Foreign Exchange Market
105–8
and human behavior
53
,
118–21
,
170
and living systems
15
management
93–4
and order and disorder
25
,
43
,
122–3
,
125
outputs
39–40
,
88
and predictability
43
,
91
,
93
,
113–15
,
122–3
,
124–5
random walk model
115–16
,
117
and supply and demand
83–4
and time-series
42–3
,
50–3
see also
market crashes; price
flexibility
see
adaptability
Flitney, Adrian
207
Folkman, Judah
190
forecasting
see
financial markets; predictability
Foreign Exchange Market
105–8
fractals
49
,
50
,
51–2
,
53–4
,
60
,
60
,
61
,
64–5
,
117
in music
63
,
64
,
65
,
117
in warfare and terrorism
170
,
173
Fricker, Mark
16
,
102
,
103
,
135
,
141–3
frustration
35
,
77
,
88
,
148
,
162
fungus
as network
99–100
,
103–5
,
104
and nutrient supply
16
,
101
,
102–3
,
135
,
142–3
future
corridors into
91
,
95
,
123
,
124–5
predicting
124–5
games
binary decision-making as
71
,
73
,
82–9
,
108
,
113–14
,
120
crowds and anticrowds
82–3
,
85
multi-object
90–1
“pain-gain” trade-off
74–6
quantum
205–7
sheep–dog–wolves
158
,
194–6
war games
161–2
genes, and networks
103–5
,
214
genetics, and Complexity Science
214
Gilman, Barry
181
global warming
4
,
95
globalization
108–10
Gourley, Sean
108
,
144–5
,
146
,
175–6
Gregory, Anne
181
groups
behavior
68–70
,
74
,
159–60
,
163
,
170
formation
159
,
163
,
171–3
see also
crowds
growth
143
Gupta, Nachi
124–5
Hameroff, Stuart
205
Hayden, Patrick
207
health
177–96
and nutrient supply
136–7
see also
cancer; immune system
heartbeat, as fractal
64
Hernandez, Natalia
181
history, and crowd behavior
14
,
79–80
,
82
,
83
housing market
and crowd effect
4
and supply and demand
83–4
Howison, Sam
105
Hui, Pak Ming
82
,
88
,
108
human flu
178–80
,
see also
bird (avian) flu
humans
in Complex Systems
97
,
103
as decision-makers
70–1
,
129–30
see also
anticrowds; crowds; networks
immune system
6
,
20
,
92–3
,
177–8
,
193–6
infinity
211–14
information
26
,
32
,
67
,
89
,
119
,
130
and corporate structure
139–43
,
140
,
144
in networks
97–8
,
100–1
,
105–7
,
109–10
,
136
private
13
,
79
,
98
,
109
public
13
,
78–9
,
82
,
84–5
,
98
,
109
,
118
,
119
Intelligent Design
15
interactions
and agents and networks
13
,
94
,
97–8
,
101
and dynamics
40
,
67
and emergent phenomena
3–4
,
10
,
211
inter-community
180–1
,
185–7
intra-community
180–1
,
185–7
and jazz
63
and traffic
130
,
145
and war
163
Iraq war
161
,
171
and casualty data
163
,
169–71
,
173–4
and timing of attacks
175
,
176
Jarrett, Tim
135
,
137–9
,
140–3
,
145
,
194–5
jazz
62–4
,
62
,
117
Kassam, Jameel
184
Kay, Roland
207
Kroo, Ilan
8
,
92
Lee, Chiu Fan
103
,
184
,
188–9
,
203
,
207
McCombs, Barry
181
McDonald, Mark
105
,
126
machines, selfish
6–8
,
94
Maini, Philip
188–9
Mantegna, Rosario
107
market crashes
15
,
19–20
and crowd effect
4
,
10
,
68
and extreme events
123
,
162
modeling
121–4
and pockets of order
21
,
117
,
122–3
,
123
markets, and competition
11–12
mean-field theory
74
mechanics, statistical
212
memory
26
,
40
,
55
,
57
,
64
,
67–8
,
110
and decision-making
14
,
76–8
,
130
Meyer, David
206
microtubules
205
Milgram, Stanley
100
minimal model
121
Minimum Spanning Trees (MSTs)
105
,
106
,
107–8
,
132
Minority Report
(movie)
95
money, and time
134–7
,
145
music
and fractals
63
,
64
,
65
,
117
and output time-series
61–3
NASA, research into emergent phenomena
6–7
networks
97–110
biological
99–100
,
101–2
,
103–5
,
104
,
135
,
138
,
142
centralized
99–100
in financial markets
105–8
,
106
and genes
103–5
,
214
hub
99
,
102
,
134
hub-and-spoke
133–6
,
137–9
,
140–1
,
144
,
145
,
150
,
192–3
importance
101–3
and interactions
13
,
94
,
97–8
,
101
multiple-ring
140–1
nodes
99
and queue management
101
research into
98
and small world effect
100
social
149–50
,
153–4
,
154
and space–time
10
static
98
super-hub
140–1
,
141
and supply chains
99–100
,
101–2
,
103–5
,
104
,
135–6
and traffic
129–39
and transmission of cold virus
183–4
,
184
and transmission of disease
179
Newman, Mark
98
,
167
news, impact on financial markets
125–7
non-linearity
40
,
54
Normal distribution
164
,
165
,
167
nutrient supply chain
83–4
,
135–7
and AVMs
102–3
,
136–7
in biological networks
99–100
,
101–2
,
103–5
,
104
,
135
