The Birth of the Pill: How Four Crusaders Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution (60 page)

sex, sexuality:

aberrations in, 69

abstinence from, 16, 38, 226, 310

cultural attitudes toward, 12–20, 125–27, 186–89

desire for (libido), 4, 5–6, 25, 32, 34, 39, 51, 52–54, 109–10, 172, 179–80, 184–85, 215, 223–24, 296, 317–18

Freudian analysis of, 14–16, 32, 34

gratification of, 14–16, 32

history of, 12–20

as instinct, 184–85

laws on, 43–44

love and, 106–7, 184–85, 265

morality and, 43–44, 60–61, 71, 125–27

premarital, 5

primate, 12–13

for procreation vs. recreation, 12, 14–15, 44, 71, 107–8, 194, 265, 310–11

promiscuity in, 14, 54–55

religious views on, 12, 188–89

repression of, 5, 14–15

research on, 5, 12, 16–17

sin and, 14, 32, 107–10, 221–22, 225–26

Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
(Kinsey), 5

Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
(Kinsey), 5, 17

“sexual energy,” 16

sexual intercourse, 13, 22, 106–7, 179, 194, 265, 295, 310–11

sexual revolution, 4, 16, 20, 265, 306

Shaw, George Bernard, 42

sheep, 21

Shelley, Mary, 2

shock therapy, 84, 175, 177, 178

“shooting blanks,” 114

Shrewsbury, Mass., 3, 82, 83, 132, 140–42, 157–58, 176, 261, 304

Sinatra, Frank, 125–26

single mothers, 18, 19, 20, 56

Skinner, B. F., 72

Skokie, Ill., 242, 249, 254, 291

Slee, James Noah Henry, 51–52, 96–97, 267

sleeping pills, 293–94

Smith, Kline & French, 246

Smith, Richard Norton, 69

Smith College, 203

socialism, 53

Solomon, 14

Sousa, John Philip, 311

South, 220, 319

Soviet Union, 196

sperm, 10, 23, 74, 154, 179, 183, 199, 225

sperm count, 179, 183

spermicides, 7, 56, 212, 225, 275, 279

Speroff, Leon, 87

spinning treatments, 84

Stanley McCormick Hall, 316–17

Starling, Ernest Henry, 122

Steig, William, 16

Steinem, Gloria, 312

sterile abscesses, 191–92

sterility, 114–15, 157, 183–84, 270

sterilization, 24–25, 52–53, 113, 114, 148, 149, 165, 167, 213, 225, 231, 241, 250, 251, 270

steroids, 81–82, 137, 154–55, 156

stimuli, 70

Stone, Abraham, 103–4, 115, 171, 182, 272, 331
n

Strachey, Lytton, 54

Stycos, J. Mayone, 165–68

“suck-and-see” approach, 9

sulfas, 26

Supreme Court, U.S., 318

surrogate mothers, 314

Syntex, 138, 144, 145, 162, 191, 232, 256

“Synthetic Progestins in the Normal Human Menstrual Cycle” (Rock, Garcia and Pincus), 233

syphilis, 4, 7, 48–49, 282

Talese, Gay, 279–80

Tamoxifen, 321

tampons, 38

temperature readings, 172–73, 201, 281–82

tenements, 34–35, 49

testes, 121, 122

testicles, 121–22, 180

testosterone, 115–16, 119, 137, 183–84

tetanus, 282

tetracycline, 262

thalidomide, 263, 293–94, 309

“That’s All Right,” 188

theology, 107–8, 225, 269–71, 278–79, 296–97, 310–11

Thomas, Norman, 54

Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 107, 270–71

Thorazine, 246

3–in-One Oil Co., 51

thymus, 122

Thy Neighbor’s Wife
(Talese), 279–80

thyroid gland, 122

thyroid medicine, 87

Time,
111, 306, 319

Time Has Come, The
(Rock), 309–10

Toth, Emily, 223

toxicology reports, 302

tranquilizers, 246

trial-and-error experiments, 9

tropisms, 70

Trudeau Sanitarium, 36

tuberculosis, 4, 35, 36, 164, 246

Tucson Watercolor Guild, 59

tumors, 113

Tyler, David, 158, 159, 201–2, 206, 234, 292–94

typhoid fever, 31

unconscious mind, 15

“unexplained infertility,” 115

United Nations, 164, 197

United Nations Population Conference (1954), 164

United Press (UP), 163, 198–99, 208–9

United States:

birth rate in, 54, 195

cultural change in, 187–89

democracy in, 123, 125, 210

economy of, 196

foreign aid of, 284–85, 295

obscenity laws of, 41, 43–44, 45

population of, 195–96

public health issues in, 49

Upjohn Co., 26

urination, 172

urine tests, 130, 133, 159, 172–73, 201

U.S. News & World Report,
313

uterus, 10, 22, 113, 116, 118, 130, 292

vaccines, 162, 282, 300

vagina, 7, 8, 12, 22, 116, 130, 133–34, 172, 233, 251

vaginal discharges, 172

vaginal plugs, 7

vaginal smears, 130, 133–34

vasectomies, 165

Vega Baja prison, 202

venereal disease, 4, 7, 35, 48–49, 124

Veracruz province, Mexico, 135–36

Viagra, 318

Victorian era, 14, 37, 42, 126

Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, 16

Vietnam War, 319

Village Blacksmith, The
(Longfellow), 67

virgin birth, 70

virginity, 244

Visiting Nurse Service, 34–35

vitamin E, 183

Vogt, William, 58, 99, 123–24, 143, 155–56, 170

Voltaire, 91

“voluntary parenthood,” 46, 111

Voluntary Parenthood
(Rock), 111

vulcanized rubber, 7

Wagner, David P., 315–16

Wagner, Doris, 315

Wald, Lillian, 34

Wallace, Mike, 266–69, 277

water supplies, 164

Watts riots (1965), 319

Waugh, Evelyn, 24

W. B. Saunders, 17

Webb, Clifton, 197

weight fluctuations, 183, 290, 312

Weinstein, G. L., 9

welfare programs, 313

Wells, H. G., 42

White Plains Hospital, 32

Williams, Esther, 18

Williams, Ray, 104–5

Wilson, Woodrow, 306

Winter, I. C., 205, 228, 247–48, 255, 259, 265, 275, 287–88, 298–99

Wisconsin, University of, 126

Wise, Stephen S., 50, 65

Woman Rebel,
41

“woman’s shield,” 38

“womb support,” 47

women:

autonomy of, 34, 167–68, 187–88

black, 53, 71, 220

careers of, 268, 319–20

Catholic, 220–21, 225–27, 310–11

clothing for, 18–19

“complete,” 81–82

education of, 19, 91, 94, 101, 126–27, 150, 187, 194, 304, 316–20

employment of, 36–37

equal rights for, 3, 14, 34, 47, 52, 55, 73–74, 81–82, 93–94, 105–6, 110–11, 125, 167–68, 187–88, 219–21, 229–30, 266–68, 319

fertility of, 12–13, 14, 37, 48, 108–9, 130, 147, 160–61, 165–66, 191, 211, 216, 224–25, 310

gender role for, 126, 187–88, 220, 319–20

health care of, 105, 197–98, 225–26

as homemakers and housewives, 187–88, 220, 320

in labor force, 5, 126, 268

male dominance of, 167–68

marriages of, 6, 17, 18, 19, 36–37, 42, 43, 105–14, 125, 156, 165–66, 174–75, 185, 186, 187–88, 223, 245, 247, 272–73, 310, 320

media coverage of, 186–88

menopause of, 10, 286–87, 289, 292

menstruation of, 4, 108–9, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119–20, 130, 132–33, 139, 179, 192, 232, 233, 234, 238, 242

middle-class, 220

as mothers, 13, 19, 25, 29–30, 49–56, 106, 114, 164–65, 174–75, 187–88, 197–98, 220, 241–42, 247, 253–54, 314, 320

movement for, 3, 34–35, 39–40, 47, 146–47, 186, 187, 212, 220, 222, 223–24, 266–68, 319–20, 321

orgasms of, 14, 16–17, 106–7

in poverty, 34–35, 39, 49–50, 52–53, 54, 55, 105, 112–13, 123–24, 150–51, 160, 164–66, 169, 171, 213–14, 229–32, 272–73, 304–6

in prison, 202, 208–9

reproductive rights of, 3, 52, 55, 95–96, 105–6, 163–65, 183–84

sexual freedom of, 5–6, 17, 32, 34, 42, 44, 113–14, 124–25, 165–66, 172, 186–87, 222–23, 264–65, 302–3

suffrage for, 39–40

unmarried, 109, 156, 220

voting by, 220

wage levels for, 320

white, 37, 220

as wives, 14, 19

working-class, 112–13

Woodbine Colony, 63–65

Worcester, Mass, 25–26, 132, 141–42, 171–72, 173, 261

Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, 3, 7–8, 20–28, 29, 77, 82–89, 99, 118–20, 128–30, 134, 140–45, 153–58, 176, 192, 199–200, 206, 236–37, 253, 259, 261, 300, 301, 304, 307, 321–23

Worcester State Hospital, 82, 93, 132, 174–80, 296, 304

Worcester Telegram,
8

World Health Organization, 197

World Population Conference (1927), 95

World War I, 49

World War II, 4, 57, 82, 123, 124, 125, 126, 149, 279

Wright, Frank Lloyd, 214

Wright, Orville and Wilbur, 189

Wuthering Heights,
114

Yale University, 81

Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), 8, 43, 60–61

Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA), 60–61

Zionism, 65

Zuckerman, Solly, 215, 217–18

zygotes, 10

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Excerpt of “Annus Mirabilis” from
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Philip Larkin © 2012, reprinted by permission of Faber & Faber Ltd.

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Eig, Jonathan.

The birth of the pill : how four crusaders reinvented sex and launched a revolution / Jonathan Eig.

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Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-393-07372-0 (hardcover)

1. Oral contraceptives—History. 2. McCormick, Katharine Dexter,
1876–1967. 3. Pincus, Gregory, 1903-1967. 4. Rock, John, 1890-1984
5. Sanger, Margaret, 1879-1966. I. Title.

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