The Cerebellum: Brain for an Implicit Self (64 page)

Color Plate XIII. Declustering of GluR2/3 brought on by coapplication of AMPA and PP-2A.

Shown are fluoromicrographs of two Purkinje cells’ dendrites immunolabeled with an antibody binding the extracellular domain of GluR2/3. (Upper panel) The control situation showing normal levels of GluR2/3 expression in cultured Purkinje cell dendrites. Note the small bright puncta (yellow to red), which indicate GluR2/3 clustering at granule cell-Purkinje cell synapses. (Lower panel) Equivalent dendrites studied in a sister culture. Treatment with cytostatin plus AMPA caused a reduction in the density, area, and fluorescence intensity of the GluR2/3 clusters. For both panels, the scale bar is 10 micrometers. (From
Launey et al., 2004
.)

Color Plate XIV.

GluR2 internalization of granule cell-Purkinje cell synapses. The shift of GluR2 from the dendritic membrane to its inside is visualized using an antibody against the N terminus of GluR, surface GluR2 (red), and internalized GluR2 (blue) under nonpermeant and permeant conditions, respectively. The LY panels show control (Ctrl.) and treated (TeTx) fluorescent images (in green) of Lucifer yellow infused into Purkinje cells without and with TeTx, respectively. Scale bar, 5 micrometers. (From
Tatsukawa et al., 2006
.)

Color Plate XV. Disturbances of an arm-reaching movement by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebellum.

(A) The experimental task, with further details provided in the text. TMS was applied over the right lateral cerebellum. TMS trials are plotted in red lines, and control non-TMS trials are in blue lines. (B and C) Individual trial data of the finger trajectory on the frontal plane (Y–Z) viewed from behind and on the sagittal plane (X–Z) to the right of the subject, respectively. (D and E) Session averaged data (n = 30 trials) from one typical participant. Note deviations of the trajectory under TMS from that without TMS. (From
Miall et al., 2007
.)

Color Plate XVI. Cerebral cortical areas for the mirror system.

This lateral view of the monkey brain shows the motor areas of the frontal lobe and the main areas of the posterior parietal cortex. See Rizzolatti and Craighero (
2004
) for the nomenclature and definition of frontal motor areas (F1–F7) and posterior parietal areas (PE, PEc, PF, PFG, PFop, PG, PGop, and Opt),). Additional abbreviations: AI, inferior arcuate sulcus; AS, superior arcuate sulcus; C, central sulcus; FEF, frontal eye field; IO, inferior occipital sulcus; L, lateral fissure; Lu, lunate sulcus; P, principal sulcus; STS, superior temporal sulcus. (From
Rizzolatti and Craighero, 2004
.)

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