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REFERENCES                                           393
61. Chandra V, Pandav R, Dodge HH, et a1. "Incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a rural commu-
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64. This recently published study is more interesting than the others because vitamin E was mea-
sured in a way that is more discriminating by considering the fact that vitamin E is carried in
the blood fat. That is, a high level of blood vitamin E may, at times, be due to high levels of
blood fat. (Am.). Epidemiol. 150 (1999); 37-44)
65. The effects of vitamin C and selenium in a study by Perkins (Am. J. Epidemio1. 150 (1999):
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thors. I disagree with their conclusion because the inverse "dose-response" trend (high anti-
oxidant blood levels, less memory loss) was impressive and clearly Significant. The authors
failed to address this finding in their analysis.
66. Ortega RM , Requejo AM, Andres P, et a1. "Dietary intake and cognitive function in a group of
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71. Martin A, Prior R, Shukitt-Hale B, et al. "Effect of fruits, vegetables or vitamin E-rich diet on
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72. JosephJA, Shukitt-Hale B, Denisova NA, et al. "Reversals of age-related declines in neuronal
signal transduction, cognitive, and motor behavioral deficits with blueberry, spinach, or
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73. Gillman MW, Cupples LA, Gagnon D, et al. "Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on
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74. Kalmijn S, Launer LJ, Ott A, et a1. "Dietary fat intake and the risk of incident dementia in the
Rotterdam Study." Ann. Neurol . 42 (1997): 776-782.
75. Alzheimer's trend was not statistically significant, perhaps due to the small number of disease
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76. Clarke R, Smith D,Jobst KA, et al. "Folate, vitamin B12, and serum total homocysteine levels
in confirmed Alzheimer disease." Arch. Neurol. 55 (1998): 1449-1455.
77. McCully KS. "Homocysteine theory of arteriosclerosis: development and current status." In:
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78. There is a potential snag in this logic, however. Homocysteine levels are regulated in part by
B vitamins, most notably folic acid and vitamin Bn , and people who are deficient in these
vitamins may have higher homocysteine levels. People who do not consume animal-based
foods are at risk for having low Bn levels, and thus high homocysteine levels. However, as
described in chapter eleven, this has more to do with our separation from nature, and not a
defiCiency of plant-based diets.
394                                  THE (HINA STUDY
PART III
1. http://www.southbeachdiet.com. accessed 4/26104
Chapter 11
1. Atkins RC. Dr. Atkins' New Diet Revolution. New York, NY: Avon Books, 1999.
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ease: a summary of the evidence for the u.s. Preventive Services Task Force." Ann. Internal
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6. Kolata G. "Vitamins: more may be too many (Science Section)." The New York Times April 29,
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14. I've never really liked putting such specific cutoff points on initiation, promotion and pro-
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most of our lives, and if it progresses, it will do so in a very fluid, continuous manner.
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PART IV
Chapter 13
1. Colen BD. "To die in Tijuana; a story of faith, hope and laetrile. " The Washington Post Maga-
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Chapter 14
1. National Research Council. Diet, Nutrition and Cancer. Washington, DC: National Academy
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8. Chenj, Campbell TC, Lij, et al. Diet, life-style and mortality in China. A study of the character-
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9. Hu FB, Stampfer Mj, MansonjE, et al. "Dietary protein and risk of ischemic heart disease in
women." Am. Journ. Clin. Nutr. 70 (1999): 221-227.
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with risk of breast cancer." JAMA 281 (1999) : 914-920.
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of Agriculture, 1998. cited in: Information Plus Nutrition: a key to good health. Wylie, TX:
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12. While the average percentage of calories derived from fat has gone down slightly, average
daily fat intake, in grams, has stayed the same or has gone up.
13. Information Plus. Nutrition: a key to good health. Wylie, TX: Information Plus, 1999.
THE CHINA STUDY
396
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of young women."]. Na!. Cancer Ins!. 90 (1998): 1155-1160,
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pooled analysis of cohort studies." In!.]. Cancer 92 (2001): 767-774,
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cohol consumed in coronary heart disease in men." New Engl.]. Med, 348 (2003): 109-118.
32. Tanasescu M, Hu FB, Willett WC, et al. "Alcohol consumption and risk of coronary heart dis-
ease among men with Type 2 diabetes mellitus,"]' Am, Call. Cardial , 38 (2001) : 1836-1842,
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pooled analysis of cohort studies," lAMA 279 (1998): 535-540.
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(2002): 3130-3136.
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diac death," lAMA 279 (1998) : 23-28.
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ington, DC: U.s. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 2002, Accessed at
http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnidfoodcomp
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cardiovascular disease in men and women," lAMA 281 (1999) : 1387-1394.
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38. Hu FB, MansonJE, and Willett we. "Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease:
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of colon cancer in men." Cancer Res. 54 (1994): 2390-2397.
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50. U.s. Preventive Services Task Force. "Routine vitamin supplementation to prevent cancer and
cardiovascular disease: recommendations and rationale." Ann. Internal Med. 139 (2003): 51-55.
Chapter 15
1. Putman 11, and Allshouse JE. "Food Consumption, Prices, and Expenditures, 1970-95."
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