The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (286 page)

(1890–1973).
American painter, one of the first American abstract artists. In 1907 he moved to Paris, where together with Morgan
Russell
he evolved a theory of painting based upon the scientific deployment of colour. Their theory, which was parallel to the
Orphism
of Robert
Delaunay
and which they called
Synchromism
, was put forward in statements made at a joint exhibition held first in Munich and then in Paris, in 1913. They claimed that they and not Delaunay and
Kupka
were the originators of the new style of abstract colour painting. In 1914–16 Macdonald-Wright lived in London, then returned to the USA. In 1919 he moved to California, where he abandoned Synchromism and became involved with experiments with colour film and various other projects. He was deeply interested in oriental art and from 1958 he spent part of every year in a Zen monastery in Japan.

 
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(1878–1927).
English painter. He began as a painter of poetic landscapes and restful interiors, but from about 1915 he gained success as a portraitist. His most characteristic pictures are of beautiful society women, often painted in watercolour in a rapid, sketchy style. They can be merely flashy or cloyingly sweet (during the First World War one critic joked that at a time of sugar shortage McEvoy was ‘a positive asset to the nation’), but the finest have something of the romantic air of refinement of
Gainsborough
, an artist he greatly admired.

 
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Mach , David
.

See
NEW BRITISH SCULPTURE
.

 
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(d. 1550).
Spanish architect and painter, active mainly in Granada. He worked in Italy in his early career (which is ill documented) and was one of the first Spanish artists to break entirely with medieval tradition and show a full understanding of
Renaissance
ideals. His earliest dated work,
The Virgin with the Souls of Purgatory
(Prado, Madrid, 1517), was painted in Italy and is thoroughly
Raphaelesque
in style. Machuca was back in Spain by 1520, and although he worked mainly as a painter, he is most important as the architect of the Palace of Charles V in the grounds of the Alhambra in Granada, begun in 1527, which is completely Italianate in style. Most of Machuca's work as a painter has disappeared.

 
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(
c.
1475–before 1550)
. Spanish painter, one of a dynasty of artists working in Valencia. Little is known of his life, but his major work, the main altarpiece of Segorbe Cathedral (completed 1535), shows him to have been a leading representative of the Italianate style. During his later years he collaborated with the outstanding member of the family, his son and follower
Juan Vicente
(better known as Juan de Juanes ,
c.
1523–79). Juan's work combines figures in the Italian
Mannerist
style with a polished Netherlandish technique. He was the leading painter of his time in Valencia and had many followers.

 
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Maciunas , George
.

See
FLUXUS
.

 
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