The Cost of Courage (31 page)

146
 Darlan’s disappearance from the scene: Stokesbury,
Short History of World War II,
p. 229.

147
 “Everything is ruined anyway”: Perrault,
La Longue Traque,
p. 120.

148
 At seven o’clock in the evening: Témoignage de M. André Boulloche.

149
 impeccable identity card: André never actually uses this fake identity card, and by the time he reaches England he can no longer remember the name in which it was issued.

150
 “deep satisfaction”: British Public Record Office HS 9/190/6 114106.

151
 the intelligence section of BCRA: Rossiter,
Women in the Resistance,
pp. 13–14.

152
 a “capable type”: Public Record Office HS 9/190/6 114106. SECRET. Y box 3558.

153
 For a long time afterward: Témoignage de M. André Boulloche.

154
 “I was recruited”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.
Raymond Jovignot, a member of the Resistance who knew André Boulloche after his arrest in 1944, told an interviewer in 1946 that Jacques (code name: Crassus)
was in fact tortured by the Germans. Jovignot described him as “a very good boy, deeply religious, who loved his boss,” André.

155
 “Perhaps I was wrong”: Postel-Vinay,
Un fou s’évade,
p. 172n.

156
 By dawn, Farges: Remarks of Gilbert Farges honoring André Boulloche, January 26, 1986.

157
 As Gimpel’s British handlers have noted: British Intelligence file on Charles Gimpel.

158
 “Because it meant”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 19, 1999.

159
 Seventeen hundred
through
Porte will survive deportation: All details about the prisoners on the train are from the catalog for an exhibit at the Musée Jean Moulin mounted in 2002, www.french-art.com/musees/jean_moulin/auschwitz.htm.

160
 “The crazy people”: Remarks of Gilbert Farges honoring André Boulloche.

161
 Just once, the Germans offer: Farges quoted in
André Boulloche,
p. 27.

162
 As he climbs out of the train: Remarks of Gilbert Farges honoring André Boulloche.

163
 given their first drink: Montbéliard, p. 24.

164
 “precarious survivors”: Remarks of Gilbert Farges honoring André Boulloche.

165
 The personal intervention of Marshal Pétain: Author’s interview with Odile Boulloche, March 20, 1999.

166
 Ninety-five percent of the deportees: Gilbert Farges, “Hommage à André Boulloche,” p. 25.

167
 As James L. Stokesbury:
Short History of World War II,
pp. 225–26.

168
 “as the state came under challenge”: Paxton,
Vichy France,
p. 286.

169
 His fake identity continues:
www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/855.html
.

170
 To boost Christiane’s spirits: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

171
 The others are Lemniscate:
www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/855.html
.

172
 “I was twenty”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 19, 1999.

173
 Seeing them at the front door: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

174
 
At least I am courageous:
Ibid.

175
 
That is the hardest part: Mathilde Damoisel’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, February 10, 1997.

176
 “been incredibly lucky”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999;
Souvenirs.

177
 The historian Ian Ousby:
Occupation,
p. 245.

178
 In July 1943: Stokesbury,
Short History of World War II,
p. 293.

179
 His successor, Pietro Badoglio: Ibid., p. 296.

180
 Then they spent eighteen months: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, Hotel Des Deux Continents, March 23, 1999 (for the fact they were waiting for the revolution to fail). Most of this account of Katlama’s early years comes from Alex Katlama’s interviews with the British during the war, which were declassified at my request: Public Record Office HS 9/823/1.

181
 He is brought up: Author’s interview with Michel Katlama, March 14, 1999.

182
 the mean height for Frenchmen: Timothy J. Hatton and Bernice E. Bray, “Long Run Trends in the Heights of European Men, 19th–20th Centuries,” private www.essex.ac.uk/~hatton/Tim_height_paper.pdf.

183
 He assumes the inertia: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, March 23, 1999.

184
 As a Russian immigrant: Author’s interview with Michel Katlama, March 14, 1999.

185
 He also happens to love: Ibid.

186
 “A quiet intelligent”
through
“a competent and loyal assistant”: British Intelligence file on Eric Katlama.

187
 In the third week of April: Christiane’s memoirs place this event in January, but Alex remembers it clearly as April.

188
 Christiane likes the handsome Alex: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 19, 1999.

189
 he meets with Resistance members:
www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/855.html
.

190
 “All southern England”: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe,
p. 248.

191
 By the eve of the invasion: Roberts
, Storm of War
, p. 466.

192
 Soldiers joke that if the invasion: Stokesbury,
Short History of World War II
, p. 311.

193
 “The southernmost camps”: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe,
p. 249.

194
 
This will severely limit: O’Neill,
Oxford Essential Guide to World War II,
pp. 86–87.

195
 They make a special effort: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 1037. Rundstedt and Rommel were certain it would be in the Pas-de-Calais area, where the channel was at its narrowest.

196
 Again, the deception works: Stokesbury,
Short History of World War II,
p. 211; O’Neill,
Oxford Essential Guide to World War II,
p. 87.

197
 Knowing that it’s crucial: Churchill,
Second World War,
V:544–46.

198
 “The tension continued to mount”: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe,
p. 249.

199
 At four fifteen
A
.
M
.: Ibid., p. 250.

200
 “I hope to God”: Roberts,
Storm of War,
pp. 469–70.

201
 It is thrilling: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

202
 So the commanders: Jane Penrose, ed.,
The D-Day Companion,
quoted in Roberts,
Storm of War,
p. 471.

203
 And on June 4: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 1036.

204
 On the basis of everything: Ibid., pp. 1036–37.

205
 Around one
A
.
M
.: Ibid., p. 1038.

206
 Hitler himself has been up: Roberts,
Storm of War,
p. 472.

207
 Then he goes to bed: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 1038. 133 At five fifty on the morning: Roberts,
Storm of War,
p. 473.

208
 After the 101st Airborne: Ibid., p. 473.

209
 “ABLE company riding through from a rooftop”:
The Atlantic,
November 1960.
www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1960/11/first-wave-at-omaha-beach/303365/
.

210
 At a cost of two thousand Americans: Roberts,
Storm of War,
p. 476.

211
 “We were depending”: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe,
p. 248.

212
 For a week after the invasion: Cobb,
Resistance,
p. 245; Jackson,
France,
pp. 544–45 (for Marseille and Toulouse).

213
 This is vital: Cobb,
Resistance,
p. 245.

214
 British air chief marshal Arthur Tedder: Roberts,
Storm of War,
p. 477.

215
 “The first twenty-four hours”: Quoted ibid., p. 459.

216
 By the end of June 11:
www.ddaymuseum.co.uk/d-day/d-day-and-the-battle-of-normandy-your-questions-answered
. By July 2, those numbers had swelled to about 1,000,000 men, 171,532 vehicles, and 566,648 tons of supplies.

217
 “In our circles”: Roberts,
Storm of War,
pp. 479–80.

218
 
“Throughout France the Free French”: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe.

219
 Now, for the first time in years: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

220
 Christiane is captivated: Ibid.

221
 “We had a common enemy”: Ibid.

222
 Christiane spends the battle: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999; Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

223
 The Maquis suffer two dead:
www.memoiresvivantes.org/histoire_resistance_dunlesplacesetvermot.php
;
Dictionnaire biographique de Paul-Camille DUGENE
; and
www.morvan-des-lacs.com/images/actualites/le%20massacre%20de%20dun2.pdf
.

224
 “I’m coming back with you”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

225
 Rommel has joined the conspiracy: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
, p. 1031.

226
 To Rommel’s chief of staff: General Hans Speidel,
Invasion
, quoted ibid., p. 1039.

227
 “Don’t you worry”: Ibid., p. 1040.

228
 Speidel believed that: Ibid., p. 1042.

229
 no more than fourteen: Photo and caption in Eparvier,
À sous la botte des Nazis
.

230
 
ZUR NORMANDIE FRONT
:
La Libération de Paris,
documentary, 1944.

231
 “The assassination must be attempted”: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
, p. 1043.

232
 “The threatened collapse”: Ibid.

233
 Eisenhower remembers late June: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe,
p. 263.

234
 Seven weeks pass: Ibid., p. 272.

235
 the anti-Hitler plotters get a boost: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
pp. 1033–45.

236
 By July 1944, the conspiracy: Ibid., pp. 1030, 1034.

237
 The thickness of this particular wire: Ibid., p. 1049; Roberts,
Storm of War
, p. 481.

238
 “somewhere between a monastery”: Ibid.

239
 The compound includes: Ibid.

240
 Before darkness has fallen: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
, p. 1060.

241
 The conspirators’ failure: Ibid., p. 1064.

242
 Goebbels initially blames the Allies:
New York Times
, July 21, 1944.

243
 
“Seized by a titanic fury”: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 1070.

244
 “Who says I am not”: Churchill,
Second World War,
VI:25.

245
 “Believe me, this is the turning point”: David Irving,
Hitler’s War,
pp. 662–64.

246
 “Although the smell of retreat”: Cobb,
Resistance,
p. 258.

247
 “A great tide of popular enthusiasm”: De Gaulle,
Complete War Memoirs,
p. 638.

248
 “We had our hands”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs
; author’s interview with Christiane Bulloche-Audibert, March 11, 1999.

249
 On July 14, a huge: Cobb,
Resistance,
pp. 258–59.

250
 “They had a deported son”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

251
 But as the temperature inches:
www.meteo-paris.com/bibliotheque/documents/3403.txt
.

252
 He and Rondenay have escaped:
www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/426.html
.

253
 Disaster strikes: Christiane remembers the arrest taking place at Passy; Rondenay’s official biography says it took place at La Muette,
www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/855.html
. For de Beafort’s wound,
www.ordredelaliberation.fr/fr_compagnon/426.html
.

254
 “There was no question”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

255
 “At the same time I felt a trap”: Ibid.

256
 “At times like this”: Ibid.

257
 “The conditions of our daily lives”
and
“We are happy to know”: I found these letters in the family archive maintained by Agnès Boulloche, André’s daughter. André must have saved them during his ten remaining months at the camp and brought them back to France after he was liberated.

258
 Nothing important is discussed: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

259
 For the next week, the Germans: Ibid.

260
 Alone in Paris: Ibid.

261
 “I had no choice”: Author’s interview with Dr. René Cler, March 17, 1999.

262
 “It was not pleasant”: Ibid.

263
 “Even when motionless”: Dallas,
1945,
p. 187.

264
 At the first of the three security rings: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
p. 34.

265
 
When it ended, only 347: Ibid., p. 32.

266
 Then Hitler “began reeling off”: Neitzel,
Tapping Hitler’s Generals.

267
 “dozens of generals”: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
p. 35.