The Cost of Courage (32 page)

268
 Hitler orders him to “stamp out”: Ibid., p. 36.

269
 Right now they are determined: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe,
p. 296.

270
 “Paris food and medical requirements”: Quoted in Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
p. 20.

271
 For all of these reasons: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe,
p. 296.

272
 Their leaflet exhorts: Cobb,
Resistance,
p. 259.

273
 On the night of August 12:
http://dora-ellrich.fr/les-hommes-du-convoi-du-15-aout-1944/
.

274
 Choltitz orders more than two thousand: Cobb,
Resistance,
p. 258.

275
 Half an hour after it leaves: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

276
 “You won’t go any further”:
http://memoiredeguerre.pagespro-orange.fr/convoi44/derniers-convois.htm#Pantin
.

277
 The chief German engineer promises: Collins and Lapierre, Is Paris Burning?, pp. 68–69.

278
 Since allied bombers are continuing: Ibid., p. 68.

279
 “Often it is given to a general”: Ibid., pp. 89–90.

280
 “Why too soon?”: De Gaulle,
Complete Wartime Memoirs,
pp. 636–37. 165 De Gaulle believes it is “intolerable”: Ibid., p. 640.

281
 De Gaulle also suggests: Ibid., p. 637.

282
 By now General Choltitz: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
p. 210.

283
 “The swastika was still flying”: quoted in Cobb,
Resistance,
pp. 260–61.

284
 
A CHACUN SON BOCHE
: Dallas,
1945,
p. 194.

285
 “If the American Army”: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
pp. 178–79.

286
 By the time Silbert climbs: Ibid., pp. 178–80.

287
 Because they had begun: Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 296.

288
 Eisenhower also recognizes: Quoted in Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
p. 181.

289
 Nordling has already convinced: Dallas,
1945,
p. 177.

290
 In his place, he sends: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
pp. 187–91.

291
 “Have the French division hurry”: Ibid., p. 208.

292
 
If there was a strategy: Jackson,
France,
p. 566.

293
 When the spectral outline: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
pp. 236–37.

294
 At last, Free French troops are back: Ibid., p. 255.

295
 Within minutes, every block is reverberating: Ibid., p. 257.

296
 The Vichy government estimated: Ousby,
Occupation,
p. 237.

297
 As Ian Ousby observes: Ibid., p. 238.

298
 On the eve of his return: de Gaulle,
Complete Wartime Memoirs,
pp. 645–46.

299
 “Gentlemen,” he tells his guests: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
pp. 258–59.

300
 This is the German officer: Dallas,
1945,
p. 176.

301
 he had begun to have nightmares: From Choltitz’s memoirs, quoted ibid., p. 176.

302
 German snipers increase Allied casualties: Ousby,
Occupation,
p. 293.

303
 “Why should we hide”
through
“Long live France!”:
www.emersonkent.com/speeches/paris_liberated.htm
.

304
 “The Republic has never ceased”: De Gaulle,
Complete Wartime Memoirs,
p. 650.

305
 Two days earlier: Dallas,
1945,
p. 188.

306
 The next day, de Gaulle defies: Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?,
p. 331.

307
 The French general concedes: Ibid., p 333.

308
 “Today we were to revive”: De Gaulle,
Complete Wartime Memoirs,
p. 653.

309
 De Gaulle thinks Parisians: Ibid.

310
 “Since each of all of those”: Ibid.

311
 “Everyone seemed happy and relieved”: Bulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

312
 At midnight on August 26: De Gaulle,
Complete Wartime Memoirs
, p. 659.

313
 “I was shocked”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

314
 Christian leaves Paris
through
doesn’t want to alarm her: Ibid.

315
 “Although letter writing”:
Bulletin de l’Association des anciens élèves de l’école polytechnique,
September 1947.

316
 When she returns to Paris: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

317
 Just as the Germans had partly ignored: Roberts,
Storm of War,
pp. 505–7.

318
 
the Germans have lost 120,000 men killed: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 1095.

319
 “The great difference”: Roberts,
Storm of War,
p. 509.

320
 In Nuremberg, the sight of gigantic Nazi rallies: Video of the explosion at
www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?MediaId=2048
.

321
 after twelve years, four months: Shirer,
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich,
p. 1139.

322
 “I was deported”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

323
 Somehow, everyone who survives with him:
Andre Boulloche,
p. 30.

324
 “In this way he shared”: Ibid., p. 31.

325
 “Survival was a constant act”: Ibid., p. 33.

326
 At dawn on April 16
through
arrives to liberate the camp: Ibid., p. 32.

327
 “Of course he was extremely thin”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 19, 1999.

328
 “But, when he was finally standing there”: Boulloche-Audibert, Souvenirs.

329
 “If I’d known that”: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, March 23, 1999. “I remember very well that my mother [Jacqueline] told me,” Katlama said. “I have no doubt about that memory at all.”

330
 “My deportation to the camps”: Andre Boulloche F.R. 3 radio broadcast, November 23, 1976.

331
 “André Boulloche had the longest service”: Postel-Vinay,
Un fou s’évade,
p. 128.

332
 “Did your father André ever talk”: Author’s interview with Agnès Boulloche, December 8, 2001.

333
 ten thousand Frenchmen were the victims: Author’s interview with Claire Andrieu, January 31, 2004.

334
 “I went to Macy’s”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999.

335
 Christiane thought New York: Ibid.

336
 “Fear of the Gestapo”:
Washington Post,
April 23, 1946, p. 13.

337
 “Why did my life have to be spared”: Collection of Agnès Boulloche.

338
 “I’ve always done”: Mathilde Damoisel’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, April 7, 1997.

339
 “It was when I was deported”: André Boulloche interview on Radio FR 3, November 20, 1976.

340
 
“We bourgeois learned some things”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999.

341
 “I was very young”: André Boulloche radio interview, November 20, 1976.

342
 killed there in an ambush:
www.annales.org/archives/x/etienneaudibert.html
.

343
 “You’ve never seen two sisters”: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, March 23, 1999.

344
 “It’s true. We were always scared”: Author’s interview with Robert Boulloche, March 21, 1999.

345
 “camouflaged their unhappiness”: Author’s interview with Pierre Audibert, March 24, 1999.

346
 “it was clear that André was suffering”: Author’s interview with Eric Katlama, March 23, 1999.

347
 “I remember there was a feeling of meditation”: Ibid.

348
 “This was the Bolloches”: Author’s interview with Pierre Audibert, March 24, 1999.

349
 “It showed that you can do good”: Author’s interview with François Audibert, March 18, 1999.

350
 “If one wants people to win”: Ophuls,
The Sorrow and the Pity,
pp. xiii–xiv.

351
 But de Gaulle never literally said
through
outside of institutions: Author’s interview with Claire Andrieu, January 31, 2004.

352
 André told her that if she “wanted to fight”: Author’s interview with Agnès Boulloche, December 8, 2001.

353
 Ophuls told me that he thought de Gaulle: Author’s interview with Marcel Ophuls, March 23, 2004.

354
 He chose Clermont-Ferrand: Elliot Wilhelm, “The Sorrow and the Pity,”
VideoHound’s World Cinema
(Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1999).

355
 “There’s something unhealthy”: Author’s interview with Marcel Ophuls, March 23, 2004.

356
 teachers from the lycée: Ophuls,
The Sorrow and the Pity,
p. 86.

357
 “eating the national tissue”: “À la mémoire d’Andre Boulloche.”

358
 “It was a period when there were terrorist attacks”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 25, 1999.

359
 In 1967, the Neuwirth Act:
www.ined.fr/fichier/t_publication/1336/publi_pdf2_pesa439.pdf
.

360
 
“As you can see”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

361
 the Socialist Party had voted against participating:
New York Times,
January 12, 1959.

362
 Odile rushed to London: Author’s interview with Odile Boulloche, March 20, 1999.

363
 “He had a terrible violence”
through
“first and foremost, a
polytechnicien
”: Author’s interview with Jacques Boulloche, April 4, 2004.

364
 the secret to his success:
Le Point,
January 9, 1978.

365
 “Boulloche was certain that he was working for France”: Author’s interview with Raymond Forni, June 3, 2003.

366
 most people expected Mitterrand: Author’s interview with Andrée Vauban, April 23, 2003.

367
 “secular monk”: Ibid.

368
 “an infernal life”: André Boulloche radio interview, November 20, 1976. 217 “Are you ever discouraged?”: Ibid.

369
 “I think I can say without exaggeration”: Ibid.

370
 Now he climbed into the copilot’s seat: Author’s interview with Andrée Vauban, April 23, 2003. Investigators apparently determined this by examining the wreckage of the plane.

371
 At the same moment: Ibid.

372
 A moment later:
Le Monde,
March 19–20;
Le Figaro,
March 18–19, 1978.

373
 “This is a very remarkable man”:
L’Est Républicain,
March 17, 1978.

374
 Their bodies were found:
Le Monde,
March 19–20, 1978.

375
 “And on top of everything else”: Author’s interview with Claudine Lefer, March 24, 1999.

376
 “Courage is more exhilarating”:
www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/abouteleanor/er-quotes/
.

377
 The death of her sister: Author’s interview with Mathilde Damoisel, July 4, 2003.

378
 “It was obvious”: Author’s interview with Christiane Boulloche-Audibert, March 19, 1999.

379
 “It was extremely painful”: Boulloche-Audibert,
Souvenirs.

380
 “She would read me what she had written”: Author’s interview with Catherine (Audibert) Dujardin, March 21, 1999.

381
 news of Christiane’s book: Six years after she published it privately, Christiane’s book became part of the collection
Femmes dans la guerre, 1940–1945.

382
 
“We did not talk about the Resistance”: Author’s interview with Michel Katlama, March 14, 1999.

383
 “Christiane said she had done”: Author’s interview with Claudine Lefer, March 24, 1999.

384
 “she had done her duty”: Author’s interview with Hélène Dujardin, March 24, 1999.

385
 German-American Bund:
www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005684
.

386
 After the Nazis looted Jewish stores:
www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005516
.

387
 “an American reader who honestly recreates”: Paxton,
Vichy France,
p. xiv.

388
 “If one hasn’t been through”:
The Sorrow and the Pity.
Ophuls told me, “I think that’s why I put it there. It seems sort of pretentious to use Anthony Eden as a spokesman for the author, but he is expressing my sentiments there. The other people, not necessarily. But he does. I do associate with that statement. I’m glad that it made an impression on you.” Author’s telephone interview with Marcel Ophuls, March 23, 2004.

André Boulloche: 1915–1978.
Paris: C. Boulloche, 1979.

Andrew, Christopher.
Defend the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5.
New York: Vintage Books, 2010.

Audibert, Etienne. “Notices sur nos morts, Jacques
BOULLOCHE
(1906).”
Bulletin de l’association des anciens élèves de l’école polytechnique,
no. 9, September 1947.

Boulloche-Audibert, Christiane.
Souvenirs 1939–1945.
Privately published, 1998. Reprinted in Christiane Audibert-Boulloche et al.,
Femmes dans la guerre, 1940–1945
(Paris: éditions du Félin, 2004).

British Intelligence file on André Boulloche, National Archives, formerly Public Record Office HS 9/190/6 114106. Declassified at the request of the author.