The End of Power (52 page)

5
. Francis Fukuyama, “Oh for a Democratic Dictatorship and Not a Vetocracy,”
Financial Times
, November 22, 2011.

6
. The most recent multilateral initiative successfully endorsed by a large number of countries was in 2000, when 192 nations signed the United Nations Millennium Declaration, an ambitious set of eight goals ranging from halving the world's extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education—all by 2015. The last trade agreement that included many nations dates back to 1994, when 123 countries gathered to negotiate the creation of the World Trade Organization and agreed on a new set of rules for international trade. Since then, all other attempts to reach a global trade deal have crashed. The same is true with multilateral efforts to curb nuclear proliferation: the last significant international nonproliferation agreement was in 1995, when 185 countries agreed to permanently adopt an existing nonproliferation treaty. In the decade and a half since, multilateral initiatives have not only failed but India, Pakistan, and North Korea have demonstrated their certain status as nuclear powers. On the environment, the Kyoto Protocol, a global deal aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, has been ratified by 184 countries since it was adopted in 1997, but the United States, the world's second-largest air polluter after China, has not done so, and many of the signatories have missed their targets. For further discussion of these issues, see my article “Minilateralism: The Magic Number to Get Real International Action,”
Foreign Policy
, July–August 2009.

7
. Mathews, “Saving America.”

8
. Gallup Inc.,
The World Poll
(multiple years); Pew Research Center,
http://pewresearch.org/topics/publicopinion/
, Program on International Policy Attitudes, University of Maryland; Eurobarometer,
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm
; LatinoBarometro,
http://www.latinobarometro.org/latino/latinobarometro.jsp
.

9
. Henry Steele Commager, quoted in Moyers,
A World of Ideas: Conversations with Thoughtful Men and Women About American Life Today and the Ideas Shaping Our Future
, p. 232.

Note to readers:
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