The Family Jewels (47 page)

1
. United States Congress, House (95th Cong., 2nd sess.), Select
Committee on Assassinations,
Hearings, Volume IV
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1979), p. 22 for the specific assertion, pp. 20–28 for the full discussion and meeting records.

2
. Richard Helms with William Hood,
A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency
(New York: Random House, 2003), 238.

3
. CIA, “KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation,” July 1963 (declassified January 1997), 6–9, 90–104, copy in author's files. KU/Bark was the agency's acronym for the CIA itself.

4
. In 1954 O'Neal had opposed the CIA project for a coup to overthrow President Jacobo Arbenz and had been sent home to get him out of the way. He subsequently became the first chief of the Special Intelligence Unit within the Angleton staff, which was elevated to the status of a “group.”

5
. Helms,
A Look over My Shoulder
, 244.

6
. Tennent (“Pete”) Bagley, a case officer in Bern, Switzerland, when Nosenko first appeared, was mobilized to meet him. Pete Bagley had also conducted the initial CIA debriefings of Deriabin in Salzburg after that officer defected in Vienna in 1954. Angleton, who once tried to recruit Bagley for the CI Staff, later gave him access to the Golitsyn file. By the mid-1960s Bagley was counterintelligence chief within the Soviet Division, and later rose to be deputy chief of division, over the ruined careers of his main competitors for that job, who were successively fingered as the possible Soviet mole. Some felt Bagley a ruthless opportunist. By 1973, CIA reviewers of the Nosenko affair were accusing Bagley himself of being the mole. In any case, Pete Bagley was a knowledgeable and sharp analyst, though his fluency in Russian is reported to have been limited.

7
. Robert M. Hathaway and Russell Jack Smith,
Richard Helms as Director of Central Intelligence, 1966–1973
(CIA: Center for the Study of Intelligence/History Staff, 1993; declassified July 2006), quoted p. 107.

8
. Tennent H. Bagley,
Spy Wars: Moles, Mysteries, and Deadly Games
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), 263.

9
. Ibid., quoted p. 107.

10
. U.S. Congress, House Assassination Committee Hearings,
Hearings, Volume IV
, reprinted p. 46.

11
. This was also Mr. Helms's recollection in the May 1984 interview the director gave for the CIA's official history of his tenure (Hathaway and Smith,
Richard Helms
, quoted pp. 110–111).

12
. James Angleton, “Report to the Presidential Commission on CIA Activities within the United States,” no date (June 1975 [declassified May 24, 2000]), Gerald R. Ford Library, Ford Papers, White House Operations, Richard Cheney Files, Intelligence Series, box 7, folder “Report by James J. Angleton, 6/75,” p. 6.

13
. On Angleton see Tom Mangold,
Cold Warrior James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991). Among the early accounts of the whole issue of the defector wars is David C. Martin,
Wilderness of Mirrors
(New York: Harper & Row, 1980). The best single study is in David Wise,
Molehunt: The Secret Search for Traitors That Shattered the CIA
(New York: Random House, 1992). For a biography of one of the CIA officers involved see
CIA Spy Master
(Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing, 2004). The most detailed bill of particulars presented against Nosenko is Pete Bagley's in
Spy Wars
. For John Hart's view see
The CIA's Russians
(Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003).

14
. Stansfield Turner,
Secrecy and Democracy: The CIA in Transition
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985), 45.

15
. CIA, Memorandum, Stansfield Turner–Deputy Director for Administration, April 19, 1978 (declassified November 23, 2005), National Archives and Records Administration, CIA CREST files.

16
. L. Britt Snider,
The CIA and the Hill: CIA's Relationship with Congress, 1946–2004
(CIA: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2008), 244. The notes reflecting Alpirez's participation in the DeVine interrogation were apparently among a compilation of ten CIA reports prepared for presentation to Senate committee staff for a meeting on June 16, 1992, according to the CIA Inspector General's investigation of these same events. Because of the extent and character of “national security” deletions from the IG report, however, the text that is in the public domain states that the information was actually “shown” to Congress (CIA, Inspector General, “Report of Investigation: Guatemala, v. I: Overview,” 95-0024-IG, July 15, 1995 [declassified December 2001], 26). The entire subsequent evolution of the Guatemala affair indicates this is not accurate.

17
. CIA, Inspector General, “Report: Guatemala, v. I,” 33.

18
. CIA, “Statement of Honorable John Deutch on Guatemala,” September 29, 1995, copy in author's files.

19
. Dick Cheney with Liz Cheney,
In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), quoted p. 335.

20
. Jose A. Rodriguez, Jr., with Bill Harlow,
Hard Measures: How
Aggressive CIA Actions after 9/11 Saved American Lives
(New York: Threshold Editions, 2012); versus John Kiriakou with Michael Ruby,
The Reluctant Spy: My Secret Life in the CIA's War on Terror
(New York: Bantam Books, 2009).

21
. George H. Tenet with Bill Harlow,
At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA
(New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 240.

22
. Ali H. Soufan with Daniel Freedman,
The Black Banners: The Inside Story of 9/11 and the War against al-Qaeda
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2011), 375–376.

23
. Rodriguez,
Hard Measures
, 54–60, 85–86. Compare with Soufan,
The Black Banners
, 373–435. It is worth noting that one argument Rodriguez makes is that CIA was focused on the future—intelligence to disrupt the next attack—while the FBI method was backward-looking. Yet the evidence the CIA man cites to demonstrate the value of “senior Al Qa
Ê¿
ida detainee[s']” intelligence is the number of footnotes that trace to them in the 9/11 Commission Report (
Hard Measures
, 93). But the Commission's report was an historical account of the September 11 plot—by definition backward-looking.

24
. Tenet,
At the Center of the Storm
, 241.

25
. United States Congress (110th Cong., 2nd sess.), Senate Armed Services Committee,
Report: Inquiry into the Treatment of Detainees in U.S. Custody
(November 20, 2008), xv.

26
. Condoleezza Rice,
No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington
(New York: Crown Publishers, 2011), 117.

27
. Rodriguez,
Hard Measures
, 65.

28
. Department of Justice, Office of Professional Responsibility,
Report: Investigation into the Office of Legal Counsel's Memoranda Concerning Issues Related to the Central Intelligence Agency's Use of “Enhanced Interrogation Techniques” on Suspected Terrorists
, July 29, 2009, copy in author's file (hereafter cited as “OPR Final Report”). Two prior drafts of this report, the responses from John Yoo and Jay S. Bybee, and Attorney General Mukasey's reflections after a final meeting with the investigators (put in a January 19, 2009, memorandum) are key records in this matter. See also the extensive commentary by legal experts at a Senate hearing in May 2009, in United States Congress (111th Cong., 1st sess.), Senate Judiciary Committee,
Hearing: What Went Wrong: Torture and the Office of Legal Counsel in the Bush Administration
(Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 2009), passim.

29
. CIA, “Congressional Notification Title” List, undated;
“Interrogation Briefings to the Hill,” undated (both declassified April 15, 2010). These are among the documents released as a result of an FOIA lawsuit brought by the American Civil Liberties Union. These will be cited hereafter as “ACLU documents.” CIA, Letter, Leon V. Panetta–Silvestre Reyes, May 5, 2009, with accompanying list, “Member Briefings on Enhanced Interrogation Techniques,” no date (unclassified), copy in author's files.

30
. Rodriguez,
Hard Measures
, 64.

31
. Porter J. Goss, “Security over Politics,”
Washington Post
, April 25, 2009, A15.

32
. In addition, former senator Bob Graham, vice-chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, found that the CIA record listed him at briefings he had not attended and added that his briefing on interrogation methods had not mentioned waterboarding. One entry on the CIA list included the name of a staffer who had merely accompanied members to the room, and another noted the presence of a staff aide no longer employed by the oversight committees. Paul Kane, “Democrats Defending Pelosi,”
Washington Post
, May 20, 2009, A4. In addition, a briefing for Senate committee staff on May 6, 2004, was left off the list, in that case possibly because the discussion centered on the CIA's lack of involvement with the abuses at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq.

33
. Soufan,
The Black Banners
, 378.

34
. Cheney,
In My Time
, 357–358. Note the discrepancy with Jose Rodriguez's claims of FBI incompetence versus CIA mastery.

35
. CIA, Cable, Headquarters–Field, April 27, 2002 (declassified April 15, 2010), ACLU documents.

36
. CIA, Cable, Headquarters–Field, “EYES ONLY,” May 6, 2002 (declassified April 15, 2010), ACLU documents.

37
. Rodriguez,
Hard Measures
, 84.

38
. CIA, Office of the Inspector General, “Special Review: Counterterrorism Detention and Interrogation Activities (September 2001–October 2003),” 2003–7123-IG, May 7, 2004 (declassified), pp. 25, 31–32, 36–38, ACLU documents. Hereafter cited as “Helgerson Report.”

39
. CIA, Record of Interview with Office of the Inspector General, June 18, 2003 (declassified April 15, 2010), ACLU documents.

40
. Helgerson Report, 37.

41
. CIA, Stanley Moskowitz, Memorandum for the Record,
“Member Briefing, 02/04/2003,” no date (declassified ca. February 2010), ACLU documents; Rodriguez,
Hard Measures
, 187.

42
. As with so much else, Jose Rodriguez also disputes the number of recorded waterboardings of Zubaydah, which has been repeatedly stated in official documents from both inside and outside the CIA. These figures, the spy chieftain declares, were “in the mind of the IG” (
Hard Measures
, 177).

43
. Glenn L. Carle,
The Interrogator: An Education
(New York: Nation Books, 2011), 171–175, 181–182.

44
. Department of Justice, OPR Final Report, 22.

45
. Rice,
No Higher Honor
, 120.

46
. Rodriguez,
Hard Measures
, 127.

47
. Department of State, Embassy, Athens, Memorandum, Robin Quinville–Ambassador Charles P. Ries, “Briefer for Your Breakfast Meetings with John Bellinger,” April 10, 2008,
http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/125139.pdf
(accessed May 25, 2012).

48
. Rodriguez,
Hard Measures
, 189.

49
. Ibid., 118–119.

50
. Dana Priest, “From Ex-CIA Official, a Blunt Defense of Harsh Interrogation,”
Washington Post
, April 25, 2012, C1, C9.

51
. Dana Priest, “CIA Holds Terror Suspects in Secret Prisons,”
Washington Post
, November 2, 2005, A1.

52
. CIA, Cable, “EYES ONLY,” Immediate, [Deleted]–Director, 080304Z, November 2005 (declassified April 15, 2010), ACLU documents.

53
. Rodriguez,
Hard Measures
, 119, 192–194.

54
. CIA, Cable, “EYES ONLY,” Headquarters–[Deleted] Station, 081855Z, November 2005 (declassified April 15, 2010), ACLU documents.

55
. Rodriguez,
Hard Measures
, 193.

56
. CIA, e-mail, [Deleted]–Executive Director Kyle D. Foggo, November 10, 2005, 5:48 p.m. (declassified April 15, 2010), ACLU documents. Jose Rodriguez (
Hard Measures
, 195) contends that he had only one conversation about destroying the tapes—in August 2005—and that the exchange regarding who would take the heat took place during the course of that discussion. The declassified CIA document is quite clear as to the date and context—and the remarks were recorded by an agency officer other than Rodriguez, further attesting to their authenticity.

CHAPTER 6. ASSASSINATION

1
. Harrison E. Salisbury,
Without Fear or Favor: An Uncompromising Look at
The New York Times (New York: Times Books, 1980), 536–539; Daniel Schorr,
Clearing the Air
(New York: Berkley Books, 1978), quoted p. 145.

2
. Schorr,
Clearing the Air
, quoted pp. 145, 147.

3
. Kathryn S. Olmstead,
Challenging the Secret Government: The Post-Watergate Investigations of the CIA and FBI
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 59.

4
. Nicolas Dujmovic, “Ronald Reagan, Intelligence, William Casey, and CIA: A Reappraisal,” CIA Paper (Center for the Study of Intelligence, April 2011), 7–8.

5
. White House, James A. Wilderotter, Memorandum for the Record, April 16, 1975, Gerald R. Ford Library, Ford Papers, White House Operations (hereafter abbreviated GRFL, GRFP, WHO), Robert K. Wolthius Files, Subject Series, box 2, folder “Intelligence Investigations: Church Committee (2).”