The First Ladies of Rome: The Women Behind the Caesars (79 page)

diplomatic tour of eastern provinces, 103–4, 105

and Piso, 105–6

death, 4, 87, 88, 106

suspicions surrounding death of, 87, 106–7

evidence about events following death of, 107–110

return of ashes to Italy, 87, 106

statue at Lepcis Magna, 98–9

brief references, 120, 126, 131, 136, 137, 139, 195

Germany, 75, 83, 100, 101, 102, 103, 110, 139, 211, 213

Geta (brother of Septimius Severus), 232

Geta (son of Septimius Severus), 221, 227, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 253

Gibbon, Edward, 218

Golden House (
Domus Aurea
), Rome, 167

Golgotha, 269

Goths, 205–6, 249, 277, 278, 285, 288–9, 290, 294, 295, 296, 306, 313

Gracchi, the (Gaius and Tiberius), 18, 38

Gratian, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283, 302

Graves, Robert, 3

Claudius the God
, 2

I, Claudius
, 2, 62, 134

Greece, 22, 54, 202
see also
names of places

Greek culture, 202, 230

Greek Orthodox Church, 183

Grimani, Vincenzo, 155

Hadrian

military career, 196

marries Sabina, 196, 200

becomes emperor, 195–6

first year in power, 196–7

and Plotina, 196, 197, 199

and Salonia Matidia, 199

foreign tours, 201, 202

relationship with Antinous, 202–3

visit to Egypt, 187, 203

last years of reign, 204

chooses his successor, 204

and death of Sabina, 205

death, 205

mausoleum, 205–6

brief references, 1, 188, 189, 190, 198, 225, 227

Hadrian’s Wall, 201

Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, 291

hairstyles, 14, 25, 39, 40, 51, 53, 73, 92, 104, 134, 139, 178–80, 181–2, 194, 201–2, 224, 232, 253–4, 263

Halala (later renamed Faustinopolis), 214, 263

Halotus, 142

Hamilton, Elizabeth, 100

Hamilton, Lady Emma, 116–17, 118

Hamilton, Gavin, 116

Hamilton, Sir William, 116

Hancarville, Baron d’:
Monumens de culte secret des dames romaines
, 57

Handel, George Frederick:
Agrippina
, 155

Harding, Florence, 196

Harding, Warren, 196

Harvard: Sackler Museum, 98

Hasmonean Palace, Jerusalem, 163

Hatra, 227

Hautvillers, 273

Hayes, Lucy, 8

Hayes, Rutherford B., 8

Hays, Mary:
Female Biography
, 11

Hebdomon, 308

Hébert, Jacques, 155

Helena (mother of Constantine)

relationship with Constantius, 250–1

and Constantine’s right to rule, 251–2

put aside for Constantius’s marriage to Theodora, 252

traditions about her connection with court at Trier, 255

and frescoes in Trier cathdral, 256

proclaimed
Augusta
, 258

depictions and inscriptions, 262–3

Drepanum renamed in honour of, 263

and Rome, 263–4

and scandal concerning Constantine, 265, 266

visits the Holy Land, 266–8, 269–71

religious faith of, 267–8

discovery of the True Cross, 269–71

death, 271–2

remains, 272–3

and Britain, 273–4

fame and reputation, 248–9

canonisation, 5, 248

Waugh’s novel about, 248, 274

as example and role model, 274, 276, 282, 291, 292, 303, 306, 308

brief references, 254, 277, 314

Helena (daughter of Constantine), 262, 279

Helena (wife of Licinius), 265

Helenopolis (formerly Drepanum)
see
Drepanum

Helvia, 76

Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans, 158

Henry VIII, King, 273–4

Henry of Huntingdon:
Historia Anglorum
, 274

Heras, 174

Herbert, Thomas, eighth Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, 98

Herculaneum, 175

Herculanus Bassus, 310, 311

Herod, King (husband of Salome), 54

Herod (brother of Salome), 104

Herod (husband and uncle of Berenice), 161

Herod Antipas, 160

Herodian, 222, 236, 239, 240, 241

Hersek, 263

Historia Augusta
, 189, 201, 205, 214, 227, 238–9, 241, 243

Holy Land, 266–7, 268–70, 271, 274, 306, 308

Homer, 208, 299–300

Homeric Centos, 299–300

Honoria (Justa Grata Honoria), 296, 297, 301, 303, 305, 310–11

Honorius, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 291, 294, 295,

296, 297, 300, 302, 312

Horace, 53

Hortensia, 23, 29, 52

Hortensius (Quintus Hortensius), 23, 29, 52, 119

Hôtel de Bourgogne, Paris, 158

Hoxne, 262

Huneric, 308, 313

Hungarian plain, 213

Huns, 288, 300, 303, 309

Hyacinthus, 310

I, Claudius
(TV series), 2–3, 47

Iazyges, 213

Illyricum, 289

Ingenuus, 294

Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique:
Virgil Reading the Aeneid to Livia, Octavia and Augustus
, 61, 62

Innocentius II, Pope, 273

Irene, 314

Isola Sacra, 17

Italy, 19, 31, 89, 149, 160, 169, 200, 204, 258, 284, 300

see also
names of places

Iturius, 148, 149

Iullus Antonius, 80–1

Jacob of Voragine:
Legenda Aurea
, 271

Jamnia, 89

Jerome, 260, 261, 268, 286

Jerusalem, 162, 163, 166, 202, 264, 268, 269, 292, 306, 307–8

Church of the Ascension, 267, 306

Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 269

Hasmonean Palace, 163

Mount of Olives, 267, 306

Temple, 161, 162, 166

Jesus Christ, 266, 267, 280

jewellery, 172–3, 282, 287

Jews, 160–1, 162–3, 166, 195, 202, 204, 219–20, 271

John (usurper), 300, 301, 302, 303, 304

John Chrysostom, 286, 291, 292, 304

John of Nikiu, 293

John the Evangelist, St, 297, 301

Johnson, Andrew, 8

Josephine Bonaparte, 4

Josephus, 161, 162

Jovian, 278

Judaea, 159, 160, 161, 167, 171, 175, 202, 204, 271

Judaism, 267–8

Judas Cyriacus, 271

Julia

birth, 26

childhood, 28, 51, 52–3

marries Marcellus, 60

widowed, 61, 63

marries Agrippa, 64

home of (Villa Boscotrecase), 64–5

birth of children, 66

wit, 69

sexual infidelities, 69

popularity, 69–70

meets with disapproval of Augustus, 70, 71

widowed again, 72

marries Tiberius, 72–3

public status, 74

breakdown of marital relations, 74–5, 78

Augustus exasperated by behaviour of, 78–9

disowned by Augustus, 79–80

and allegations of sexual improprieties, 79

exiled, 80

and political plot against Augustus, 80–1

permitted to live in Regium, 81

never reconciled with Augustus, 81

disinherited, and not permitted to be buried in family mausoleum, 81

portraits, 81–2

death, 87

brief references, 3, 9, 46, 49, 58, 67, 94, 99, 104, 119, 181, 182, 286, 314

Julia Balbilla
see
Balbilla

Julia Domna
see
Domna

Julia Drusilla, 124

Julia Flavia, 170, 171, 177, 178, 179, 181–3, 184, 185–6, 191

Julia Livilla, 104, 116, 122, 124, 125–6, 129, 138

Julia Maesa
see
Maesa

Julia Mamaea
see
Mamaea

Julia Minor, 66, 81, 99

Julia Soaemias
see
Soaemias

Julian the Apostate, 266, 274, 278, 279

Julian laws (
leges Iuliae
), 67–8, 76, 168, 177

Julianus (Didius Julianus), 222, 223

Julio-Claudian dynasty, 12, 45–157, 166–7, 180, 186, 189, 191, 193

mausoleum (mausoleum of Augustus), 59, 61, 73, 81, 84, 114, 122, 165, 240

Julius Agrippa (father of Berenice), 96, 159–60, 161

Julius Agrippa (senator), 221

Julius Alexander, 222

Julius Avitus Alexianus, 227, 234

Julius Bassianus, 220

Julius Caesar, 11, 12–13, 22, 23, 26, 28, 34, 42, 45, 66, 79, 127

Julius Constantius, 274

Jung, Carl:
Memories, Dreams, Reflections
, 275

Junia Claudilla, 123

Junia Silana, 132, 148, 149

Juno, 93, 209, 232

Jupiter

Capitolinus, 202

temple, Rome, 265

Justa Grata Honoria
see
Honoria

Justin II, 314