The Green Beauty Guide: Your Essential Resource to Organic and Natural Skin Care, Hair Care, Makeup, and Fragrances (57 page)

11.
Boric Acid
: strong reproductive toxin; potent endocrine disruptor; unsafe for use on infants and injured or damaged skin; causes death and birth defects in animals; banned in Canada and Japan

12.
Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol)
: one of the strongest lung and skin toxicants; endocrine disruptor; forms carcinogenic nitrosamine; causes allergic contact dermatitis; environmental contaminant; poisonous to wildlife

13.
Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)
: human carcinogen; causes brain and liver tumors in animals at low doses; endocrine disruptor; causes allergic contact dermatitis and skin depigmentation; banned in European Union; persistent environmental toxin

14.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)
: endocrine disruptor, skin and lung toxicant at low doses; causes death, liver and stomach cancers, thrombosis, fibrosis, and liver and brain damage in animals; strong skin and eye irritant

15.
Butylene Glycol
: skin, lung, and eye irritant; environmental toxin

16.
Butylparaben
: skin and eye irritant; endocrine disruptor linked to breast and ovarian cancer; environmental contaminant

17.
Calcium Fluoride
: neurotoxic to humans; leads to bone weakness; causes birth abnormalities and depression in animals

18.
Ceteareth (with any numeral following it)
: unsafe for use on broken skin; eye and lung irritant; may be contaminated with 1,4-Dioxane

19.
Cetrimonium Chloride
: skin and eye sensitizer that can include itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering; causes cell mutations and lung cancer in animal studies

20.
Cetyl Alcohol
: skin and eye irritant in humans

21.
Chloroacetamide
: strong skin, eye, and lung irritant; toxic if inhaled; causes paralysis, goiter, and birth defects in animals; banned in Canada

22.
Coal Tar
: known human carcinogen; causes lung and urinary tract cancer; potent skin irritant; causes multiple cancers in animals; banned in most countries including Canada and European Union; still used in anti-dandruff shampoos in the US

23.
Cocamide DEA (Ethanolamide of Coconut Acid)
: strong human skin toxicant and suspected carcinogen; causes irritation of skin, eyes, and lungs in humans; causes liver and bladder cancer in animals

24.
D&C Red 30 Lake
: strong nervous system toxicant; as an aluminum compound, disrupts endocrine system and linked to breast and ovarian cancer; persistent wildlife contaminant

25.
D&C Violet 2
: coal tar dye; skin and eye irritant; long-time use of coal tar hair dye is linked to bladder cancer

26.
Dibutyl Phthalate
: neurotoxicant; linked to impaired fertility and urinary abnormalities; linked to breast and ovarian cancers; contaminates wildlife

27.
Diethanolamine (DEA)
: linked to brain abnormalities in animals; may be contaminated with carcinogen 1,4-Dioxane

28.
Dimeticone (Dimethicone)
: petroleum derivative; environmental toxicant

29.
Direct Black 38
: diethanolamine-containing dye that is a confirmed human carcinogen; strong evidence of causing bladder cancer; may harm unborn child; causes liver and kidney cancer in animals; banned in European Union

30.
DMDM Hydantoin
: contains carcinogenic formaldehyde; skin, eye, and lung irritant; environmental toxicant

31.
EDTA (Disodium EDTA)
: this penetration enhancer is a neurotoxin linked to brain damage in animals; caused liver changes and endocrine damage in animals; caused fetal death and birth abnormalities in animals; made from formaldehyde; approved for use in cosmetics and baby food

32.
Ethylparaben
: skin and eye irritant; endocrine disruptor linked to breast and ovarian cancer; environmental contaminant

33.
Eugenol
: endocrine disruptor; skin, eye, and lung irritant; well-recognized consumer allergen; causes death, coma, insomnia, convulsions, hematuria, pulmonary edema, and liver cancer in animals

34.
Ext. D&C Violet 2
: this coal tar dye is a strong skin irritant; long-time use of coal tar dyes is linked to increased risk of bladder cancer; restricted in cosmetics

35.
FD&C Blue 1
: derived from coal tar; linked to allergies and hyperactivity disorders

36.
FD&C Green 3
: causes sarcomas and bone marrow hyperplasia in animals; not studied for safety in humans; prohibited in European Union

37.
FD&C Yellow 5 (E104, Tartrazine)
: causes severe allergic and intolerance reactions, especially among asthmatics and those with an aspirin intolerance; linked to thyroid tumors, chromosomal damage, hives, and hyperactivity in humans

38.
FD&C Yellow 5 Aluminum Lake
: aluminum compounds are neuro-toxic to humans

39.
FD&C Yellow 6
: human skin and eye irritant; causes coma, convulsions, testicular damage, and changes in leucocytes in animals; cannot be used in eye cosmetics

40.
Fig
(Ficus Carica)
Extract
: immune system toxin; cannot be used as fragrance ingredient due to potential carcinogenicity; banned in European Union; allowed in the US as fragrance ingredient in shampoos and body washes

41.
Formaldehyde
: known human carcinogen linked to leukemia, pancreatic, skin, liver, and lung cancer; strong skin, eye, and lung irritant; irritates human liver (causes cirrhosis), stomach, kidneys, and bladder; can cause skin burns; triggers asthma; hazardous air pollutant; environmental toxin; banned in Canada and Japan; determined as safe for use in cosmetics in the US

42.
Formaldehyde Resin
: contains formaldehyde and carries same risks; can trigger allergic reaction in the skin or lungs

43.
Formaldehyde Solution (Formalin)
: neurotoxin in humans and animals; restricted in Canada and European Union; known human carcinogen linked to leukemia, nasal and nasopharyngeal, pancreatic, skin, liver, bladder, and lung cancer; strong skin, eye, and lung irritant; irritates human liver (causes cirrhosis), stomach, kidneys, and bladder; can cause skin burns; triggers asthma; hazardous air pollutant; environmental toxin; banned in Canada and Japan; determined as safe for use in cosmetics in the US

44.
Glyceryl Stearate
: weak skin, eye, and lung irritant

45.
Hydroquinone
: eye, lung, and nervous system toxin; can cause itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering of skin; suspected liver and stomach carcinogen; causes liver cancer, and DNA and ovary mutations in animals; restricted in Canada

46.
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate
: contains Diethanolamine; can affect thyroid function; gastrointestinal and liver toxicant; cannot be used in aerosols; causes allergic contact dermatitis; restricted in Japan

47.
Imidazolidinyl Urea (Uric Acid)
: can cause itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering of skin

48.
Isobutylparaben
: skin and eye irritant; endocrine disruptor linked to breast and ovarian cancer; environmental contaminant

49.
Isoparaffin
: petroleum derivative; environmental toxin; mildly irritating; produces kidney damage in animals; not carcinogenic in humans

50.
Isopropyl Alcohol (SD-40)
: human neurotoxin; skin, eye, and lung irritant; vapors cause drowsiness and dizziness; causes skin dehydration; may promote brown spots and premature aging of skin; petroleum derivative

51.
Lactic acid
: strong skin and eye irritant; can cause skin burns; causes changes in liver, brain, and blood in animals; causes mutations and birth defects in animals; restricted in Canada

52.
Lanolin
: strong skin irritant and toxicant; can cause allergic reaction in the lungs **

53.
Laureth-7 (Polyethylene Glycol Ether of Lauryl Alcohol)
: may be contaminated with carcinogen 1,4-Dioxane

54.
Lead Acetate
: possible human carcinogen and neurotoxin; skin and eye irritant; environmental toxin; banned in the European Union

55.
Lecithin
: can irritate lungs in aerosol form; a potent asthma trigger; forms carcinogenic nitrosamine compounds if mixed with nitrosating agents

56.
Manganese Sulfate
: strong human neurotoxin; harmful during prolonged exposure or inhalation; causes convulsions, DNA mutations, and protein loss in animals; toxic to wildlife

57.
Methamine
: strong skin, eye, nose, and lung irritant; can cause itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering of skin; may be contaminated with carcinogenic 1,4-Dioxane; cannot be used in aerosol cosmetics

58.
Methyl Methacrylate
: strong neurotoxin; strong eye and lung irritant; causes asthma and skin burns; causes cancer and stomach bleeding in animals; hazardous air pollutant; banned in Canada and recently in the US

59.
Methylparaben
: skin and eye irritant; endocrine disruptor linked to breast and ovarian cancer; environmental contaminant

60.
Mineral Oil (Liquid Petrolatum)
: causes blood and skin cancer formations in animals; eye and skin irritant; derived from petroleum; non-biodegradable environmental toxin

61.
Monoethanolamine (MEA)
: skin and eye irritant at low doses; can be irritating to the respiratory tract

62.
Nonoxynol (ethoxylated alkyl phenol)
: endocrine disruptor; skin and lung irritant; causes liver damage in animals; may be contaminated with 1,4-Dioxane

63.
Octoxynol (10, 11, 13, 40)
: strong skin and eye toxin that can cause itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering of skin; may contain carcinogen 1,4-Dioxane; causes cancer of reproductive organs in animals

64.
Oxybenzone (Benzophenone–4)
: strong photoallergen; endocrine dis-ruptor; produces free radicals that can increase skin aging; environmental toxicant

65.
Padimate O (Octyl Dimethyl PABA/PABA Ester)
: has estrogenic activity; releases free radicals that damage DNA when exposed to sunlight; causes allergic reactions and photoallegenic dermatitis; restricted in Japan

66.
Para Amino Benzonic Acid (PABA)
: causes allergic dermatitis and photosensitivity; produces free radicals that cause mutations, lead to cell death, and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease; causes changes in blood components and muscle weakness in animals; banned in Canada

67.
Paraffin (Paraffinum Liquidum, Paraffin Petrolatum)
: petrochemical bleached with carcinogen acrolyn; releases carcinogens benzene and toluene upon heating; causes kidney or renal system tumor in animals; environmental toxin

68.
PEG-100 Stearate
: polyethylene glycols are often contaminated with 1,4-Dioxane; suspected endocrine disruptor; linked to cancer in animals; skin and eye irritant

69.
Petrolatum (Soft Paraffin, White Petrolatum, Petroleum Jelly)
: lung irritant upon inhalation; derived from petroleum; non-biodegradable environmental toxin

70.
Phenol
: strong respiratory irritant; toxic by skin contact; causes skin burns; causes kidney damage and cyanosis in humans; causes skin cancer, birth defects, and brain and nervous system damage in animals at very low doses; environmental contaminant; banned in Canada, restricted in Japan, permitted in the US

71.
Phenoxyethanol
: endocrine disruptor and carcinogen in animals; linked to allergic contact uritica and dermatitis

72.
Picric Acid
: human immune system toxicant; toxic by inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion; causes allergic reaction in the skin or lungs; causes coma, convulsions, and body temperature increase in animals; banned in Canada and European Union

73.
Placental Extract
: endocrine disruptor containing estradiol and progesteron; banned in Canada

74.
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
: often contaminated with carcinogenic 1,4-Dioxane; suspected endocrine disruptor; linked to cancer in animals; skin and eye irritant

75.
Polyethylene Terephthalate
: causes cancer in animals; not studied for safety in humans

76.
Polysorbate 80
: may be contaminated with 1,4-Dioxane; suspected endocrine disruptor; linked to cancer in animals; skin and eye irritant

77.
Potassium Persulfate
: strong irritant to eyes, lungs, respiratory system, and skin; restricted for use in cosmetics

78.
P-phenylenediamine
: linked to bladder and prostate cancer; human neurotoxin; skin and lung irritant; causes liver cancer and birth defects in animals; very strong environmental toxin

79.
Propyl Acetate
: skin, eye, nose, and lung irritant

80.
Propylene Glycol (PG)
: can cause eye irritation and conjunctivitis, as well as upper respiratory tract irritation

81.
Propylparaben
: skin and eye irritant; endocrine disruptor linked to breast and ovarian cancer; environmental contaminant

82.
Quaternium–7, 15, 31, 60
: formaldehyde releasing; can cause skin and eye irritation; linked to several cancers (see
Formaldehyde
)

83.
Resorcinol (m-Hydroquinone, Euresol, 1,3-Benzenediol)
: strong skin irritant; linked to adenomas in animals; suspected to trigger skin cancer in humans; environmental toxin

84.
Saccharin
: suspected human carcinogen; causes liver, kidney, and bladder damage in animals, as well as reproductive damage and birth abnormalities

85.
Silica
: linked to esophageal cancer, renal disease, pulmonary fibrosis, mesothelioma, sarcoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and bronchitis; strong nasal and lung irritant; wildlife toxicant; accumulates in human body.

86.
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
: skin irritant; water contaminant; may be contaminated with carcinogen 1,4-Dioxane

87.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
: skin and eye irritant; in toothpaste may cause canker sores

88.
Sodium Metabisulfite
: immune system toxicant; eye and skin irritant; emits toxic gas when in contact with acids; dangerous for asthmatics; causes stillbirth, muscle weakness, and brain degeneration in animals