The Health of the First Ladies: Medical Histories from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama (50 page)

31.
“Newborn Kennedy Son Ill,”
Chicago Tribune
, August 8, 1963.

32.
Hill, 237–8;
Chicago Tribune
, August 8, 1963, regarding the upgrade of the Otis maternity unit.

33.
Anderson.

34.
Smith, 390.

35.
Ibid., 393;
Chicago Tribune
, August 8, 1963; “2d Son Born to Kennedys; Has Lung Illness,”
New York Times
, August 8, 1963; “Kennedy Baby Dies at Boston Hospital; President at Hand,”
New York Times
, August 9, 1963.

36.
Jerome Groopman, “A Child in Time,”
New Yorker
, October 24, 2011.

37.
“First Lady Quits Hospital Today,”
New York Times
, August 13, 1963; Hugh Smith interview.

38.
“Mrs. Kennedy Told to Curb Her Activities,”
Chicago Tribune
, August 14, 1963; “Mrs. Kennedy Rests at Home,”
Washington Post
, August 16, 1963.

39.
Smith, 396–7; Hill, 251.

40.
Ibid., 264.

41.
Smith, 449; Heymann:
Jackie and Bobby
, 8.

42.
“John W. Walsh, 87, Kennedy Obstetrician,” Obituary,
New York Times
, November 25, 2000.

43.
Allan Nevins,
Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage
(New York: Dodd, Mead, 1948), 522.

44.
William Degregorio,
The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents
(New York: Wings, 1993), 320–3; Craig Hart,
A Genealogy of the Wives of American Presidents and Their First Two Generations of Descent
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2004), 56; Francis Cleveland Biography, National First Ladies’ Library, http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=23 (accessed December 16, 2013).

45.
Annette Dunlap,
Frank: The Story of Frances Folsom Cleveland, America’s Youngest First Lady
(Albany: State University of New York Press, 2009), 29: quote, 32, 85: for social grace and poise.

46.
Ibid., 99.

47.
Ibid., 32, 87–90; Ludwig M. Deppisch, “President Cleveland’s Secret Operation,”
PHAROS
58, no. 3 (Summer 1995), 11–16: circumstances surrounding Cleveland’s operation.

48.
Dunlap, 93.

49.
Nevins, 522.

50.
Ibid.; Dunlap, 94.

51.
Joseph Decatur Bryant, “Deaths,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
62 (1914): 1185, for Dr. Bryant’s professional accomplishments and friendship with the Clevelands; “Grover’s Baby,”
Atlanta Constitution
, December 4, 1891; “If It Only Were a Boy!,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, October 4, 1891; “Mrs. Cleveland a Mother,”
Washington Post
, October 4, 1891: Bryant’s delivery of Ruth Cleveland; Dunlap, 113–14: Bryant at the death of Baby Ruth Cleveland; Dunlap, 121: years later Frances Cleveland was the plaintiff in a fraud suit over a newspaper article. Her case was prosecuted “with help [from] her longtime friend and family physician, Dr. Joseph Bryant.”

52.
Dunlap. 73–4: “rather a long labor—but not at all severe”; Dunlap, 101:
“
and I feel that it is only fair to their father to have them as young as he can”; Hart, 55–6: for the births and deaths of the five Cleveland children.

53.
Dunlap, 131–2.

54.
Ibid., 165.

55.
Sylvia Jukes Morris,
Edith Kermit Roosevelt: Portrait of a First Lady
(New York: Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, 1980), 249–50.

56.
Ibid., 62, 64, 74; “Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt,” Theodore Roosevelt Center at Dickinson State University, http://www.theodoreroosevelycenter.org/Learn-About-TR/Themes (accessed December 18, 2013).

57.
Morris, 88, 91, 94, 100.

58.
“Teddy Roosevelt’s Widow Dies at 87,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, October 1, 1948: “a brilliant social regime”; “Mrs. T. Roosevelt Dies at Oyster Bay,”
New York Times
, October 1, 1948: “she presided as mistress of the White House (1901–1909), with grace and distinction…. She was an excellent conversationalist and a musician of more than ordinary attainments.”

59.
Morris, 372–3.

60.
New York Times
, October 1, 1948, for hip fracture; Morris, 516.

61.
Morris, 111–3, 120, 136, 150, 168.

62.
Ibid., 111–3.

63.
Ibid., 170, 172.

64.
Edith Carow Roosevelt, Biography. National First Ladies’ Library, http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=26 (accessed December 18, 2013); H.W. Brands,
TR: The Last Romantic
(New York: Basic, 1997), 217.

65.
Morris, 249–50.

66.
Carl Sferrazza Anthony,
First
Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents’ Wives and Their Power, 1789–1961
, vols. 1, 2 (New York: William Morrow, 1990), 307: As first lady, Edith twice became pregnant, although miscarriage intervened; Edith Roosevelt Biography, National First Ladies’ Library; Morris, 238: letter to sister.

67.
Morris, 265.

68.
Anthony, 128.

69.
Julia Tyler, Biography. National First Ladies’ Library, http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=11 (accessed December 19, 2013).

70.
Chapter Three.

71.
Anthony, 124.

72.
Julia Tyler Biography, National First Ladies’ Library: explosion aboard the
Princeton
; Julia Gardner Tyler,
American President:
A Reference Resource,
http://millercenter.org/president/tyler/essay/firstlady/juliatyler (accessed April 2, 2013): Dolley Madison a mentor.

73.
Anthony, 126–9.

74.
Hart, 124–7.

1.
Anthony,
First Ladies:
The Saga of the Presidents’ Wives and Their Power, 1789–1961
, vols. 1, 2 (New York: William Morrow, 1990), 431.

2.
Ibid, 435, 445; John B. Roberts, II:
Rating the First Ladies
(New York: Citadel, 2003), 231; Lou Hoover, National First Ladies’ Library, http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=32 (accessed May 8, 2013).

3.
Anthony, 436.

4.
Lou Hoover, First Ladies’ Library; Roberts,
Rating the First Ladies
, 236.

5.
“Mrs. Hoover Dies of Heart Attack,”
New York Times
, January 8, 1944.

6.
Craig Hart,
A Genealogy of the Wives of American Presidents and Their First Two Generations of Descent
(Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2004), 129–30.

7.
Milton F. Heller, Jr.:
The Presidents’ Doctor: An Insider’s View of Three First Families
(New York: Vantage, 2000), 56: taught Lou Hoover how to dance; 118: advice regarding prep school.

8.
Ibid., 140–1.

9.
“Herbert Hoover Jr. to Convalesce at Asheville,”
Lewiston Star
, October 16, 1930.

10.
Heller, 139.

11.
Margaret Truman,
First Ladies
(New York: Random House, 1995), 57.

12.
Ibid., 56–71. The chapter “The Lost Companion” incisively details the personal dynamics of President and Mrs. Roosevelt by someone who was a very astute observer of presidential couples.

13.
Roberts,
Rating the First Ladies
, xxiii; Watson,
The Presidents’ Wives
, 189.

14.
Joseph P. Lash,
Eleanor and Franklin
(New York: W.W. Norton, 1971), 83.

15.
Ibid., 154, 159, 163, 166, 193–4.

16.
Ibid., 178.

17.
Joseph P. Lash,
Eleanor: The Years Alone
(New York: W.W. Norton, 1972), 305.

18.
David Gurewitsch, “The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project,” http://www.gwu.edu/-erpapers/teachinger/glossary/gurewitsch-david.cfm (accessed June 20, 2013).

19.
Lash,
Eleanor
, 321–2.

20.
Ibid., 331, quotes letter from son-in-law Dr. James Halsted to son James Roosevelt; last illness, 330–2.

21.
Barron H. Lerner, “What Can We Learn from Eleanor Roosevelt’s Death?” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/barron-h-lerner/eleanor-roosevelt-end.html (June 18, 2013).

22.
Sara L. Sale:
Bess Wallace Truman: Harry’s White House “Boss”
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2010), 33.

23.
Ibid., 19: for Truman wedding; Bess Truman, Biography, National First Ladies’ Library and Museum, http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=34 (accessed May 28, 2013): for the longevity of the Truman marriage.

24.
Sale, 22: “and made a bed for her in a bureau drawer”; Margaret Truman,
Bess W. Truman
(New York: Macmillan, 1986), 84: Bess Truman’s concern over age at pregnancy.

25.
Sale, 103.

26.
Ibid., 33.

27.
“Mrs. Truman Retires With Nation’s Esteem,”
Los Angeles Times
, January 18, 1953.

28.
Bess Truman, Biography, First Ladies.’

29.
“Mrs. Truman/ Cheerfulness Reason Plain,”
Los Angeles Times
, March 30, 1952; “First Lady Ready for Folksy Ways,”
New York Times
, March 30, 1952.

30.
Sale, 65–6; M. Truman, 338–9, 347.

31.
Deppisch,
The White House Physician
, 106–108, for a discussion of Dr. Wallace Graham’s career; “Ex-1st Lady OK After Hip Surgery,”
Chicago Tribune
, May 8, 1981.

32.
Sale, 133.

33.
“Bess Truman in Hospital,”
Los Angeles Times
, November 22, 1978.

34.
Sale, 130.

35.
“Ex-1st Lady OK After Hip Surgery,”
Chicago Tribune
, May 8, 1981; “Bess Truman Home, Happy,”
Los Angeles Times
, June 22, 1981.

36.
“Stroke Hospitalizes Mrs. Truman,”
Los Angeles Times
, September 28, 1981.

37.
Sale, 130: for Mrs. Truman’s symptoms, reasons for delayed treatment and difficult recovery; “Mrs. Truman Has Operation. Tumor Removed from Left Breast,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, May 19, 1959; “Good News—Twice for Harry Truman,” United Press International, May 19, 1959: benign, an “unusual type of tumor known medically as a benign myxoma”; “Mrs. Truman Home in ‘Excellent’ Condition,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, June 4, 1959; G. Magro, et al.: “Clinico-Pathological Features of Breast Myxoma: Report of a Case with Histogenetic Considerations,”
Virchow’s Arch
. 456, no. 5 (May 2010): 581–6: If the diagnosis of benign myxoma was correct, it indeed was a very rare tumor. Mrs. Truman’s tumor-free survival of twenty-three years proved that the tumor was certainly benign and definitely not malignant.

38.
“Truman’s Widow Bess Dead at 97,”
Chicago Tribune
, October 19, 1982.

39.
“Lady Bird Johnson, 94, Dies; Eased a Path to Power,”
New York Times
, July 12, 2007.

40.
Margaret Truman,
First Ladies
(New York: Random House, 1995), 6: advice given by former First Lady Lou Hoover to incoming First Lady Bess Truman.

41.
Lewis L. Gould,
Lady Bird Johnson: Our Environmentalist First Lady
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1999), 10, 14.

42.
David Murphy,
A Texas Bluebonnet: Lady Bird Johnson
(New York: Nova Science, 2011), 99.

43.
Gould, 126; Murphy, 99.

44.
Gould, ix.

45.
Watson,
The Presidents’ Wives
, 188–9; Roberts,
Rating the First Ladies
, xxiii.

1.
BreastCancer.org, http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics (accessed December 22, 2013): About 1 in 8 U.S. women (just under 12 percent) will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. In 2013, an estimated 232,340 new cases of invasive breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the United States, along with 64,640 new cases of noninvasive (in situ) breast cancer.

2.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention, “Leading Causes of Death in Females United States, 2010,” http://www.cdc.gov/women/lcod/2010/index.htm (accessed December 22, 2013).

3.
Woody Holton,
Abigail Adams
(New York: Free, 2009): for Nabby Adams Smith’s three-year battle with cancer of the breast, 365–371, 373, 376, 385–8; Chapter Eleven, for Mrs. Truman’s benign breast tumor.

4.
John Robert Greene,
Betty Ford: Candor and Courage in the White House
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004), 106.

5.
Betty Ford with Chris Chase,
The Times of My Life
(New York: Ballantine, 1978), birth, 5–6, first marriage and divorce, 40, 45.

6.
Ibid., 57: for second marriage, 77: for her pregnancies; Hart, 90.

7.
Greene, 51–2.

8.
Ibid., 45–7.

9.
“Mrs. Ford Faces a Breast Biopsy,”
New York Times
, September 28, 1974: report of a previous gynecological examination; K.J. Robson, “Advances in Mammographic Imaging,”
British Journal of Radiology
(2010), 83, 273–275; for first mammogram machine; “Chronological History of ACS Recommendations for the Early Detection of Cancer,” http://www.cancer.org/healthy/findcancerearly/cancerscreeningguidelines.html (accessed July 19, 2013): for the American Cancer Society’s guidelines.

10.
Greene, 45–7: for the sequence of events; “Mrs. Ford Faces a Breast Biopsy,”
New York Times
, September 28, 1974.

11.
Greene, 45–7; “The Most Feared of Tumors,”
Time
, October 7, 1974, specified the location of the cancer and added details of Dr. Fouty’s experience.

12.
“The Most Feared of Tumors,”
Time
.

13.
“Mrs. Ford Ready to Leave Hospital,”
New York Times
, October 11, 1974; “Mrs. Ford Resumes Her Role as Hostess,”
New York Times
, October 24, 1974.