The Idea of Israel (48 page)

3
Noam Chomsky covers it in
Hegemony or Survival: America’s Quest for Global Dominance
, New York: Metropolitan Books, 2003.

4
On Ben-Zion Dinur, see Gabriel Piterberg,
The Returns of Zionism: Myths, Politics and Scholarship in Israel
, London and New York: Verso, 2010, pp. 132–4. See also Yaakov Katz, ‘Explaining the Term the “Heralders of Zion,” ’
Shivat Zion
, 1 (1950), p. 93 (Hebrew).

5
Shmuel Almog, ‘Pluralism in the History of the
Yishuv
and Zionism’, in Moshe Zimmermann et al., ed.,
Studies in Historiography
, Jerusalem: Zalman Shazar Centre, 1978, p. 202 (Hebrew).

6
Israel Kolatt, ‘On Research and the Researcher of the History of the
Yishuv
and Zionism’,
Cathedra
, 1 (1976), pp. 3–35 (Hebrew).

7
Almog, ‘Pluralism in the History of the
Yishuv
and Zionism’.

8
See Norman Finkelstein, ‘Disinformation and the Palestine Question: The Not-So-Strange Case of Joan Peters’
From Time Immemorial
’, in Edward Said and Christopher Hitchens, ed.,
Blaming the Victims: Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question
, London: Verso, 1988, pp. 33–70.

9
D. F. Merriam, ‘Kansas Nineteenth-Century Geologic Maps’,
Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science
, 99 (1996), pp. 95–114.

10
J. B. Harely, ‘Deconstructing the Map’,
Cartographica
, 26:2 (Summer 1989), p. 1.

11
Martin Gilbert,
The Atlas of the Arab–Israeli Conflict
, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

12
Ibid.

13
See the Palestinian point of view in Ilan Pappe,
A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples
, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 105–7.

14
The British Government in Palestine,
The Palestine Survey
, prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for UNSCOP.

15
Salman Abu-Sitta,
Atlas of Palestine, 1948
, London: Palestine Land Society, 2004.

2 The Alien Who Became a Terrorist: The Palestinian in Zionist Thought

1
Edward Said and Jean Mohr,
After the Last Sky
, New York: Columbia University Press, 1998, p. 4.

2
Directed by Michael Parzan, Israel First Channel co-production with Doc en Stock, January 2012.

3
Barbara Smith,
Roots of Separatism in Palestine: The British Economic Policy, 1920–1948
, London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 1993.

4
David
Ben-Gurion, from a speech celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Second Aliyah,
The Book of the Second Aliyah
, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1947.

5
Ibid., Mendel Zinger, ‘From Barodi (a Shtetl in the Ukraine) to Eretz Israel’, p. 128.

6
Ibid.

7
Ibid., Moshe Beilinson, ‘Rebelling Against Reality’, p. 48, and Ben-Gurion’s anniversary speech, p. 17.

8
Ibid., Zinger, ‘From Barodi (a Shtetl in the Ukraine) to Eretz Israel’.

9
Ibid., Natan Hofshi, ‘The Pioneers of Zion’, p. 139.

10
Ibid., Yona Hurewitz, ‘From
Kibbush Ha ’avoda
to Settlement’, p. 210.

11
Natan Hofshi, ‘A Pact with the Land’,
The Book of the Second Aliyah
, p. 239.

12
Ben-Gurion’s anniversary speech,
The Book of the Second Aliyah
, p. 17.

13
Ibid., Alexander Zaid, ‘The Genesis’, p. 169.

14
Michal Sadan, ‘The Hebrew Shepherd’, PhD Thesis, Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, 2006.

15
See Zaid, ‘The Genesis’, pp. 169–70.

16
Ibid.

17
Natan Shifris, ‘The Memoirs of a Factory Worker’,
The Book of the Second Aliyah
, p. 191.

18
Ibid.

19
Israel Kadishman, ‘Neither by Might, Nor by Force’,
The Book of the Second Aliyah
, p. 293.

20
Yossef Rabinowitch, ‘Entries from the Rehovot Diary’,
The Book of the Second Aliyah
, p. 234.

21
Ibid., p. 235

22
For these and other typical references, see Yair Baumel,
Blue and White Shadow: The Israeli Establishment Policy and Action, The Formative Years, 1958–1968
, Haifa, Israel: Pardes, 2007 (Hebrew).

23
See Ilan Pappe,
The Forgotten Palestinians: A History of the Palestinians in Israel
, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011, pp. 126–7.

24
Anita Shapira,
The Dove’s Sword: Zionism and Force
, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1992, (Hebrew).

25
Golda Meir at a London press conference in 1969, quoted in Marie Syrkin,
A Land of Our Own: An Oral Autobiography
, New York: Putnam, 1973, p. 242.

26
Ilan Pappe,
The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian Dynasty: The Husaynis, 1700–1948
, Berkeley, CA: California University Press, 2011, pp. 212–42.

27
Shai Lachman, ‘Arab Rebellion and Terrorism in Palestine, 1929–1939: The Case of Izz al-Din al-Qassam and His Movement’, in Elie Kedourie and Sylvia Haim, ed.,
Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel
, London and New York: Frank Cass, 1982, pp. 53–69.

28
A view formed already by one of the leading Arabists of the Zionist movement, Ezra Danin, and adopted by generations of Israeli historians thereafter; see Ezra Danin,
Documents and Photos from the Archives of the Arab Gangs, 1936–1939
, Jerusalem: Manges, 1981 (Hebrew).

29
Jenny Laval,
Haj Amin and Berlin
, Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 1996 (Hebrew).

30
Benny Morris,
1948: A History of the First Arab–Israel War
, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.

31
Benny Morris,
Israel’s Border Wars, 1949–1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War
, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

32
Jillian Becker,
The PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization
, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984.

33
Morris,
Israel’s Border Wars
.

34
Avi Shlaim,
The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World
, New York: Norton, pp. 143–56.

35
Ze’ev Schiff and Ehud Ya’ari,
Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising – Israel’s Third Front
, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990.

36
Yehoshua Porath,
The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 1918–1929
, London: Frank Cass, 1974, and
The Palestinian Arab National Movement, 1929–1939
, London: Frank Cass, 1977.

37
Yehoshafat Harkabi,
Arab Attitudes to Israel
, New York: Wiley and Sons, 1974, p. 1.

38
Matti Steinberg,
Unending Quest: The Development of Palestinian National Consciousness
, Tel Aviv: Dekel, 2000.

39
Moshe Shemesh,
The Palestinian Entity, 1959–1974: Arab Politics and the PLO
, London: Frank Cass, 1988; Avraham Sela,
The Decline of the Arab–Israeli Conflict: Middle East Politics and the Quest for Regional Order
, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1997; and Shaul Mishal,
The PLO Under Arafat: Between Gun and Olive Branch
, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986.

40
Noam Chomsky,
Powers and Prospects: Reflections on Human Nature and the Social Order
, New York: South End Press, 1999.

41
Pappe,
Forgotten Palestinians
, pp. 50–63.

42
Sammy Smooha, ‘Arab–Jewish Relations’, Ephrain Yaari and Zeev Shavit, eds, Trends in Israeli Society, Tel Aviv: Open University, 2001, p. 238 (Hebrew).

43
Sammy Smooha,
Israel, Pluralism and Conflict
, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1978, p. 31.

44
Sammy Smooha,
The Orientation and Politicisation of the Arab Minority in Israel
, Haifa, Israel: The Arab-Jewish Centre, 1984.

45
Uri Ram,
The Changing Agenda of Israeli Sociology: Theory, Ideology and Identity
, New York: State University of New York Press, 1994.

46
Calvin Goldscheider and Dov Friedlander, ‘Reproductive Norms in Israel’, in Usiel Oskar Schmelz and Gad Nathan, ed.,
Studies in the Population of Israel, Volume 30
, Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1986, pp. 15–35.

47
Elia Zureik, ‘Prospects of the Palestinians in Israel: A Review Article’,
Journal of Palestine Studies
, Part I, 22: 2 (Winter 1993), pp. 90–109 and Part II, 22: 4 (Summer 1993), pp. 73–93.

3 The War of 1948 in Word and Image

1
Netanel Lorch,
The Edge of the Sword: Israel’s War of Independence, 1947–1949
, New York: Textbook Publishers, 2003, p. 1.

2
Ibid. See also Alon Kadish, ed.,
Israel’s War of Independence, 1948–1949
, volumes I–II, Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defence Publications, 2004 (Hebrew).

3
Porath,
The Emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement
.

4
Shemesh,
The Palestinian Entity
.

5
Lorch,
The Edge of the Sword
; Jon and David Kimche,
Both Sides of the Hill: Britain and the Palestine War
, London: Secher and Warburg, 1960.

6
Gershon Rivlin and Elhanan Oren, ed.,
The War Diary, 1948, Volume I
, Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defence Publication, 1982, p. 9 (Hebrew).

7
The Hebrew Encyclopaedia, Volume Six
.

8
Ibid.

9
Anita Shapira,
Walking Along the Horizon
, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1989, p. 54 (Hebrew).

10
See Ben-Zion Dinur’s introduction in the opening pages of Yehuda Slutzky,
The History of the Hagana
, volumes I–III, Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defence Publication, 1982.

11
Cathedra
, 1 (1976) was devoted to this debate.

12
Amiztur Ilan, ‘The Prophecy of a Jewish State and Its Realisation, 1941–1949’,
Ha-Ziyonut
, 10, p. 279 (Hebrew).

13
Michael Cohen,
Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945–1948
, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982; Ilan Pappe,
Britain and the Arab–Israeli Conflict, 1948–1951
, London: Macmillan, 1988.

14
See David Ben-Gurion,
When Israel Went to War
, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1975 (Hebrew).

15
David Greenberg,
The Cinema
, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1967, p. 212 (Hebrew).

16
Nurith Gertz,
Hirbet Hiza’a and The Morning After
, Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 1983, p. 168 (Hebrew).

17
Nurith Gertz,
A Story from the Movies
, Tel Aviv: Open University Press, 1993, p. 21 (Hebrew).

18
Directed by Thorold Dickinson in 1955. See Ella Shohat’s critique of the film in Ella Shohat, Israel:
Cinema: East/West and the Politics of Representation
, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1989, pp. 58–64.

19
Gilbert,
Atlas of the Arab–Israeli Conflict
.

20
They Were Only Ten
, directed by Baruch Dienar (1961).

21
See Shohat, Israeli Cinema, pp. 70–1.

22
I have analysed the background for the British decision in Pappe,
Britain and the Arab–Israeli Conflict
.

23
Directed by Yossi Milo in 1967.

24
See Shohat, Israeli Cinema, pp. 120–1.

25
Directed by Nathan Axelrod in 1963.

26
Waltz with Bashir
was directed by Ari Folman and
The Gatekeepers
by Dror Moreh.

27
The director was Menahem Golan and the film is based on a children’s story by Yemima Avidar-Chernowitz, a famous children’s author. In the original story the villian was German; in the film he was both a Nazi and an Arab.