The Idea of Israel (50 page)

35
Pappe,
The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
, London: Oneworld, 2006, pp. 1–10.

36
Shlaim,
The Iron Wall
.

37
Tom Segev,
1949: The First Israelis
, New York: Owl Books, 1998.

38
Meron Benvenisti,
Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land Since 1948
, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002.

39
Meron Benvenisti,
Sons of Cypresses: Memories, Reflections and Regrets From a Political Life
, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2007.

40
See Ilan Pappe,
Out of the Frame
.

6 The Emergence of Post-Zionist Academia, 1990–2000

1
A short reference to the conference can be found in Pinchas Ginosar and Avi Bareli, eds,
Zionism: A Contemporary Controversy
, Sdeh Boker, Israel: The Ben Gurion Heritage Centre, 1996, p. 8 (Hebrew).

2
Again it would be good to refer here to Honig-Parnass,
False Prophets
, and Ephraim Nimni, ed.,
The Challenge of Post-Zionism: Alternatives to Fundamentalist Politics in Israel
, London: Zed Books, 2003.

3
Lawrence Stone,
The Past and Present Revisited
, London: Longman, 1989, p. 8.

4
Hanan Hever, ‘The Post-Zionist Situation’, in Gil Eyal, ed.,
Four Lectures on Critical Theory
, Jerusalem: Van Leer, 2012, pp. 73–94 (Hebrew).

5
Edward Said, ‘New History, Old Ideas’,
Al-Ahram Weekly
, (21–7 May 1998).

6
Ibid.

7
Ibid.

8
Perry Anderson, ‘Scurrying Towards Bethlehem’,
New Left Review
, 10, (July/August 2001), p. 11.

9
Oren Yiftachel, ‘Ethnocracy and Geography: Territory and Politics in Israel/Palestine’,
Middle East Report
,
geog.bgu.ac.il/members/yiftachel/paper3.html

10
Sarah Ozacky-Lazar, ‘The Military Rule as a Mechanism of Control of the Arab Citizens’,
Hamizrah Hahadash
, 42, (2002), pp. 57–69 (Hebrew).

11
Dan Rabinowitz, ‘Natives with Jackets and Degrees: Othering, Objectification and the Role of the Palestinians in the Co-existence Field in Israel’,
Social Anthropology
, 9: 1, (2000), p. 76.

12
Hillel Cohen,
The Present Absentees: The Palestinian Refugees in Israel Since 1948
, Jerusalem: Van Leer Institute, 2000 (Hebrew); Yoav Peled and Nadim Rouhana, ‘Transitional Justice and the Right of Return of the Palestinian Refugees’,
Theoretical Inquires in Law
, 5:2, (2004), pp. 317–32.

13
Sharon Groves, ‘Interview with Marcia Freedman’,
Feminist Studies
, (22 September 2002).

14
Yuval Yonay, ‘A Queer Look at the Palestinian–Jewish Conflict’,
Theory and Criticism
, 19, (Autumn 2001), pp. 269–75 (Hebrew).

15
Eyal Gross, ‘Theo Meintz is Gone’, from his blog
Eyalgross.com/blog
, (14 June 2013) (Hebrew).

16
Michael Shalev,
Labour and the Political Economy in Israel
, New York: Oxford University Press, 1992; and Jonathan Nitzan and Shimshon Bichler,
The Global Political Economy of Israel
, London: Pluto, 2002.

17
Baruch Kimmerling, ‘State Building, State Autonomy and the Identity of the Society – the Case of Israel’,
Journal of Historical Sociology
, 6:4, (December 1993), pp. 369–429.

18
Yael Zerubavel,
Recovered Roots: Collective Memory and the Making of Israeli National Tradition
, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995.

19
Nachman Ben-Yehuda,
The Masada Myth: Collective Memory and Mythmaking in Israel
, Madison, WI: Wisconsin University Press, 1995.

20
Shlomo Sand,
The Invention of the Jewish People
, New York: Verso, 2009; Piterberg,
The Returns of Zionism
.

21
Amnon Raz-Karkozkin, ‘Exile Within Sovereignty: Towards a Critique of the “Negation of Exile” in Israeli Culture’, parts 1–2,
Theory and Criticism
, 4/5, (1993/94), pp. 23–56 and pp. 113–32 respectively (Hebrew). See an extensive discussion on these articles by Gabriel Piterberg,
The Returns of Zionism
, pp. 127–30.

22
Gur Elroi,
Immigrants: Jewish Immigration to Eretz Israel
, Jerusalem: Yad Ben Zvi, 2004 (Hebrew).

23
Zeev Sternhell,
The Founding Myths of Israel: Nationalism, Socialism, and the Making of the Jewish State
, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998.

24
Lev Greenberg, ‘The Arab–Jewish Drivers’ Union Strike, 1931: A Contribution to the Critique on the National Conflict Sociology’, in Ilan Pappe, ed.,
Jewish–Arab Relations in Mandatory Palestine: A New Approach to the Historical Research
, Givat Haviva: The Institute of Peace Research, 1995 (Hebrew); David
De Vries,
Idealism and Bureaucracy: The Roots of Red Haifa
, Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 1999 (Hebrew); Deborah S. Bernstein,
Constructing Boundaries
.

25
Shulamit Carmi and Henry Rosenfeld, ‘The Emergence of Militaristic Nationalism in Israel’,
International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society
, 3: 1, (1989), pp. 5–49.

26
Uri Ben-Eliezer,
The Making of Israeli Militarism
, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1998.

27
Yagil Levy,
Israel’s Materialist Militarism
, New York: Lexington Books, 2007.

28
Hagit Gur-Ziv,
Statements on Silence: The Silence of Israeli Society in the Face of the Intifada
, Tel Aviv: The Centre for Peace, 1989 (Hebrew); Nurit Peled-Elhanan,
Palestine in Israeli School Books: Ideology and Propaganda in Education
, London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2012; Diana Dolev, ‘Academia and Spatial Control: The Case of the Hebrew University Campus on Mount Scopus, Jerusalem’, in Haim Yacobi,
Constructing a Sense of Place: Architecture and the Zionist Discourse
, London: Ashgate, 2004, pp. 227–45. An important figure in this trend was Rela Mazali, and one of her recent contributions is ‘A Call for Liveable Futures’,
Huffington Post
, (25 June 2010).

29
Uri Ram,
Israeli Society
.

30
Ibid.

31
Shoshana Madmoni-Gerber,
Israeli Media and the Framing of Internal Conflict: The Yemenite Babies Affair
, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

32
For Zvi Efrat’s work in English, see the book he co-authored with Meron Benvenisti, Nadav Harel, Gideon Levy et al.,
A Civilian Occupation: The Politics of Israeli Architecture
, London: Verso, 2003.

33
Alexander Kedar, ‘The Legal Transformations of Ethnic Geography: Israeli Law and the Palestinian Landholder, 1948–1967’,
Journal of International Law and Politics
, 33: 4, (2001), pp. 923–1,000.

34
Haim Bereshit, ‘Givat Aliya as a Metaphor: Three Aspects’,
Theory and Criticism
, 16, (2000), pp. 233–8 (Hebrew).

35
Ilan Gur-Ze’ev, ‘The Thirty-First Floor: The University Tower and the Phallocentrism of Zionism’,
Theory and Criticism
, 16, (2000), pp. 239–43 (Hebrew).

36
Jonathan and Daniel Boyarin,
Powers of Diaspora: Two Essays on the Relevance of Jewish Culture
, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2002; and for more on Hever, see Honig-Parnass,
False Prophets
, p. 197.

37
Sharon Rotbard,
White Cities, Black Cities
, Tel Aviv: Babel, 2005 (Hebrew).

38
John Arthur and Amy Shapiro, ed.,
Campus Wars: Multiculturalism and the Politics of Difference
, Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994.

39
See Tamara Traubman, ‘The Ratio of
Mizrachim
in the Academia’,
Haaretz
, (18 October 2007). Ever lower quotas are discussed by Yifat Biton in an interview with the weekly
Makor Rishon
, (20 May 2011).

40
Mira Ariel and Rachel Giora, ‘An Analysis of Impositive Speech Acts: Gender Biases in the New Israeli Cinema Discourse’, in Nurith Gertz, Orly Lubin and Judd Ne’eman, eds,
Fictive Looks: On Israeli Cinema
, Tel Aviv: Open University Press, pp. 179–204 (Hebrew).

41
From a paper she gave at an AAUP Conference on the academic boycott, February 2006, and which can be accessed at
aaup.org

42
Anat Matar, ‘Israeli Academics Must Pay Price to End Occupation’,
Haaretz
, (27 August 2009).

7 Touching the Raw Nerves of Society: Holocaust Memory in Israel

1
Quoted in Noam Chomsky,
Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians
, Cambridge, MA: Southend, 1999, p. 99.

2
Avraham Burg,
The Holocaust Is Over: We Must Rise from Its Ashes
, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, p. 252.

3
Israel Shahak, letter to the editor, Kol Ha’ir, (19 May 1989).

4
Ibid.

5
Shahak,
Jewish History
, p. 71.

6
Israel Shahak and Norton Mezvinzky,
Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel
, London: Pluto, 2004, p. 105 and in
Jewish History
, p. x.

7
Shahak,
Jewish History
, p. 135, n. 25.

8
He repeated these ideas in English in Boaz Evron, ‘The Holocaust: Learning the Wrong Lessons’,
Journal of Palestine Studies
, 10: 3, (1981), pp. 16–26. The original quote is from Boaz Evron, ‘The Holocaust – A Danger to the People’,
Iton 77
, 21, (May/June 1980) (Hebrew).

9
Ibid.

10
Ibid.

11
Yehuda Elkana, ‘In Favour of Amnesia’,
Haaretz
, (2 March 1988).

12
Ibid.

13
Ibid.

14
Reproduced in English in Amos Elon, ‘The Politics of Memory’,
New York Review of Books
, (7 October 1993).

15
Peter Novick,
The Holocaust in American Life
, Boston: Mariner Books, 1999; Norman Finkelstein,
The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering
, London: Verso, 2003; and Lenni Brenner,
Zionism in the Age of Dictators
, Westport: Lawrence Hill and Co, 1983.

16
Novick,
The Holocaust in American Life
, p. 10.

17
Finkelstein,
The Holocaust Industry
, p. 47.

18
Tom Segev,
The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust
, New York: Picador, 2000, appeared first in Hebrew and was the only direct reference in Hebrew to these connections. An even more explicit condemnation can be found in Moshe Zimmermann, ‘The Zionist Dilemma’,
Haaretz
, (28 October 2004).

19
Ahimeir’s references are quoted in Brenner,
Zionism in the Age of Dictators
, p. 125; Ben-Avi’s appeared in sequence in
Doar Ha-Yom
, August and November 1932.

20
See Segev,
The Seventh Million
, p. 33.

21
Ibid.

22
Hava Eshkoli-Wagman, ‘Yishuv Zionism: Its Attitude to Nazism and the Third Reich Reconsidered’,
Modern Judaism
, 19: 1, (February 1999), pp. 25–6.

23
Ibid.

24
He published his books in Germany and then they were translated into Hebrew. The most recent in which these views are articulated clearly is
Germans Against Germans: The Fate of the Jews, 1938–1945
, Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 2013 (Hebrew).

25
One local newspaper,
Yerusahlaim
(part of
Yeidoh Ahronoth
) claimed Zimmermann compared the settler youth to the Hitler-Jugend movement (22
September 1995). Zimmermann sued the paper for misrepresentation, but lost the case on 3 February 2005.

26
Brenner,
Zionism in the Age of Dictators
.

27
Ibid, p. 93.

28
Joseph Massad, ‘The Last of Semites’, Al Jazeera English, (21 May 2013).

29
Brenner,
Zionism in the Age of Dictators
, p. 93 and Segev,
The Seventh Million
, p. 31.