Read The Illusion of Victory Online
Authors: Thomas Fleming
71
. Duff,
The Politics of Revenge,
282.
72
. Freidel,
Franklin D. Roosevelt: The Ordeal
, 89; and Blum,
Joe Tumulty and the Wilson Era,
252.
73
. Ibid., 89 n; and Bailey,
Woodrow Wilson and the Great Betrayal,
323.
74
. Ward,
A First-Class Temperament
, 534–535.
75
. Ferrell,
Woodrow Wilson and World War I,
228.
76
. PWW, 66:277–280.
77
. Ward,
A First-Class Temperament
, 547–548.
78
. Ibid., 549–550, 554; and Duff,
Politics of Revenge
, 285.
79
. Freidel,
Franklin D. Roosevelt: The Ordeal
, 71 n; and Ward,
A First-Class Temperament
, 553–554.
80
. Morgan,
FDR:A Biography
, 231.
81
. Bailey,
Woodrow Wilson and the Great Betrayal
, 344.
82
. Duff,
The Politics of Revenge,
286–287;Ward,
A First-Class Temperament,
556; and Bailey,
Woodrow Wilson and the Great Betrayal
, 342. Later landslides, for Lyndon Johnson in 1964 and Richard Nixon in 1972, equaled Harding’s 61 percent, but their opponents received more than Cox’s pathetic 35 percent. Debs got 3 percent.
83
. Thomas J. Fleming, “‘I Am the Law,’ a Case History of a Political Machine,”
American Heritage
20, no. 4 (June 1969): 56–57.
84
. Duff,
The Politics of Revenge
, 287, 301; and Ward,
A First-Class Temperament,
556.
85
. Bailey,
Woodrow Wilson and the Great Betrayal
, 344.
1
. Ward,
A First-Class Temperament
, 557–558.
2
. Garraty,
Henry Cabot Lodge
, 399–400; and Cooper,
Breaking the Heart of the World
, 395.
3
. Craig,
Germany
, 436–437.
4
. Ibid., 440–450.
5
. Frank Trommler and Joseph McVeigh, eds.,
America and the Germans,
vol. 2,
The Relationship in the Twentieth Century
(Philadelphia, 1989), 18–29. Financial data from Richard B. Morris, ed.,
Encyclopedia of American History
(New York, 1953), 319–323.
6
. Case and La Follette,
Robert M. La Follette
, 967.
7
. David Fromkin,“What Is Wilsonianism?”
World Policy Journal,
spring 1994, 106.
8
. Blum,
Joe Tumulty and the Wilson Era
, 171.
9
. Garraty,
Henry Cabot Lodge
, 401.
10
. Robert Lee Bullard,
American Soldiers Also Fought
(New York, 1936), vi.
11
. Ibid., v–vi.
12
. Craig,
Germany
, 282–283. The most complete statement of these late war aims is in Fritz Fischer,
Germany’s Aims in the First World War
(New York, 1967).
13
. Ferguson,
The Pity of War,
170–171.
14
. Lloyd C. Gardner,
A Covenant With Power: America and World Order from Wilson to Reagan
(New York, 1984), 3–28.
15
. Warren I. Cohen,
The American Revisionists: The Lessons of Intervention in World War I
(Chicago, 1967), 161.
16
. Ibid., 174.
17
. Thomas Fleming,
The New Dealers’War: FDR and the War Within World War II
(New York, 2001). The opening chapters of this book describe Roosevelt’s dilemma and his solution in considerable detail.
18
. Knock,
To End All Wars
, 272.
19
. Ibid., 273–274.
20
. F.J. P. Veale,“The Wicked Kaiser Myth,”
Social Justice Review,
April 1950.
21
. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.,
A Thousand Days
(Boston, 1965), 674–676.
22
. Knock,
To End All Wars
, 269–270.
23
. House Diary, April 3, 1921.
24
. Smith,
When the Cheering Stopped,
196; and Blum,
Joe Tumulty and the Wilson Era
, 263–264.
25
. Lloyd George,
Memoirs of the Peace Conference
, 1:154–155.
26
. Smythe,
Pershing: General of the Armies
, 259.
Abolitionism
Accidents
Ackerman, Carl
Adams, Abigail and John
Adams, Samuel Hopkins
Addams, Jane
Advisory Commission of the Council of
National Defense
AEF.
See
World War I, American
Expeditionary Force
AFL.
See
American Federation of Labor
Africa
African Americans
black troops
veterans
Aircraft
failure of U.S. to produce
See also
Air raids; United States, Army Air
Service
Air raids
Alabama
(Confederate raider)
Albert, Heinrich
Albert I (Belgian King)
Alcoholic beverages.
See also
Prohibition
Allen, Henry
Allied Commission of Control
Almereyda, Miguel
Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story
(Morgenthau)
American Alliance for Labor and Democracy
American Defense Society
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
American Federation of Women’s Clubs
American Legion
American Press Résumé
American Protective League (APL)
women volunteers for
American Soldiers Also Fought
(Bullard)
American Truth Society
Amidon, Charles F.
Amos, James
Anarchist bombings
Anderson, Henry
Anderson, Maxwell
Anti-Saloon League (ASL)
Antiwar protesters.
See also
Dissent
Anti-Yellow Dog League
APL.
See
American Protective League
Argentina
Armin, Sixt von
Armistice talks.
See
also
Germany, and armistice; Peace
conference/treaty;Wilson, Woodrow
and negotiated peace
Arms.
See
Weapons
Army League
Artillery
See also
Bombardments
Ashurst, Harry
ASL.
See
Anti-Saloon League
Asquith, Herbert
Associated Press
Atlantic Monthly
Atrocities
Bryce Report on
Auchincloss, Gordon
Australia
Austria/Austria-Hungary
declaration of war against Austria-
Hungary
request for peace
Vienna
Axson, Ellen
Aztec
(merchantman)
Baker, Newton
Baker, Ray T.
Balance of power
Baldwin, Marian
Balfour, Arthur
Balfour Declaration
Balkan states
Baltic Sea
Baltic States
Baltimore
Baltimore American
Bannwart, Alexander
Baralong
(Q-ship)
Barnes, Harry Elmer
Barnett, Ferdinand L. and Ida Wells-
Baruch, Bernard
Bauer, Gustav
Baumann, Sebastian
BBC.
See
British Broadcasting Company
Beard, Charles
Belgian Congo
Belgium
Louvain
Benedict XV (Pope)
Benson, William
Berger, Victor
Berliner Tageblatt
Bernhardi, Friederich von
Bernstorff, Johann von
Bethlehem Shipbuilding
Bethlehem Steel
Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von
Betnick (Count)
Bevan, Arthur Dean
Bew Letters
BI.
See
United States, Bureau of Investigation
Bielaski, A. Bruce
Big business
Bigelow, Herbert S.
Bill of Rights
Billy Sunday
Binding, Rudolf
Bipartisanship
Birth control
Birth of a Nation
(film)
Bissolati, Leonida
Bliss, Tasker H.
Blockades
Allied Blockade Committee
See also
Great Britain, blockade by
Bok, Edward
Bolo (Pasha), Paul-Marie
Bolsheviks
Bombardments
Bonar Law, Andrew
Bones, Helen Woodrow
Bonnet Rouge
Bonsal, Stephen
Borah, William
Boston
Boston Journal
Boston Symphony
BPC.
See
Bridgeport Projectile Company
Brandegee, Frank B.
Brandeis, Louis
Brannen, Carl
Brazil
Brest-Litovsk
conditions of treaty of
Bridgeport Projectile Company (BPC)
Bridges, G.T.M. “Tommy”
Briggs, Alfred M.
British Broadcasting Company (BBC)
Britten, Fred A.
Brockdorff-Rantzau, Ulrich von (Count)
Brooks, Louise Cromwell
Broun, Heywood
Brown, Preston
Browning, Edward
Bruchmuller, Georg
Brunet, Frederic
Bryan, William Jennings
and peace treaty
resignation of
Bryce, James.
See also
Atrocities
Bryce Report on
Bucharest
Bulgaria
Bull
Bullard, Robert Lee
Bullitt, William C.
Bundy, Omar
Burleson, Albert Sidney
Burnett, John Lawson
Butler, Nicholas Murray
Byrnes, James
Cabinet.
See under
Roosevelt, Franklin D.;
Wilson, Woodrow
Cables, undersea
Caillaux, Henriette
Caillaux, Joseph
Cameroons
Camp Funston (Kansas)
Camp Wheeler (Georgia)
Canada
Cannon, Joseph “Uncle Joe”
Carbolic acid
Carnegie, Andrew
Carranza, Venustiano
Carson, Edward
Casement, Sir Roger
Casualties.
See also under
World War I
Catholics
Catlin, Albertus
Catt, Carrie Chapman
Cavell, Dame Edith
Cecil, Lord David
Censorship
Censorship Board
voluntary
Central America
Central Committee for National Patriotic
Organizations (CNPO)
Chamberlain, George E.
Chancellor, W. E.
Chandler, Zachariah
Chicago
Chicago Daily News
Chicago Daily Tribune
China
Churchill, Winston
and military action against Bolsheviks
Churchill, Winston (American novelist)
Cincinnati/Cincinnati Symphony
CIO.
See
Committee for Industrial
Organization
Citizen resistance.
See also Franc-tireurs
Citizens Protective League
Clark, Champ
Class warfare
Clemenceau, Georges
assassination attempt on
and commissions of control
and food for post-war Germany
and League of Nations
Cleveland, Grover
Cleveland Press
CNPO.
See
Central Committee for National
Patriotic Organizations
Coal
Cobb, Frank I.
Cobb, Ty
Coffin, Howard E.
Cohalan, Daniel
Colby, Bainbridge
Cold War
Collier’s
Magazine
Collins, James
Colonialism.
See also
Imperialism
Columbia University
Committee for Industrial Organization
(CIO)
Committee for Irish Independence
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
Committee on Training Camp Activities
(CTCA)
Condoms
Congress
Committee for the Conduct of the War
and elections of 1918.
See also
Elections, of 1918
and food for post-war Germany
foreign relations committees
House of Representatives
and League of Nations/peace treaty
McLemore resolution in
Military Affairs Committee
and negotiated peace
and presidential election of 1920
resolution declaring end of war
Senate
Senate Armed Services Committee
votes for treaty in
See also
Wilson, Woodrow, speech to
Congress of April 2, 1917
Congressional Government
(Wilson)
Congressional Record
Congress of Vienna (1815)
Connecticut Home Guard
Conscientious objectors
Conscription
arrests concerning
in Canada
Selective Service Act
Constantine (Greek King)
Constantinople
Contraband, definitions of
Coolidge, Calvin
Coolidge, Hamilton
Copper mines
Coppinger (U.S. Marine lieutenant)
Cost of living.
See also
Inflation; Prices
Cotton
Councils of Defense
Court martials
Cox, James A.
CPI.
See
Committee on Public Information
Crauford-Stuart, Charles
Creel, George
and Congress
“creeling”
visit to liberated countries of Austro-
Hungarian empire
See also
Committee on Public
Information
Crime
Crisis, The
Croly, Herbert
Cromwell, Gladys
Crozier, William
Cryptanalysts
CTCA.
See
Committee on Training Camp
Activities
Cuba
Culberson, Charles
Cummings, Homer
Curfews
Curtis, Edwin Upton
Czechoslovakia
Czernin, Ottokar (Count)
Daily Mail
(Northcliffe newspaper)
Daily Telegraph
(London)
Dallas News
Daniels, Josephus
D’Annunzio, Gabriele
Danzig
Darrow, Clarence
Daugherty, Harry
Daughters of the American Revolution
Davies, Joseph E.
Davis, John W.
Davis, Livingston
Davis, Norman H.
Dawes, Charles
Dawes Plan
Dawes, Rufus
Deaths
in Belgian Congo
of children
death sentences/executions
by freezing/pneumonia