The Information (108 page)

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Authors: James Gleick

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Well-Tempered Clavier
(Bach),
12.1
,
12.2
,
12.3
,
12.4

Western Union Telegraph Company

Weyl, Hermann,
prl.1
,
6.1

What Is Life?
(Schrödinger)

Wheatstone, Charles,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3

Wheeler, John Archibald,
prl.1
,
prl.2
,
12.1
,
12.2
,
13.1
,
13.2
,
13.3

Whitehead, Alfred North,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
7.1

Whitman, Walt,
epl.1
,
epl.2

Whitmore, Georgiana

Wiener, Norbert,
prl.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
8.4
,
8.5
,
8.6
,
8.7
,
8.8
,
8.9
,
8.10
,
8.11
,
8.12
,
8.13
,
8.14
,
8.15
,
8.16
,
8.17
,
8.18
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
12.1

Wikipedia,
12.1
,
12.2
,
14.1
,
14.2
,
14.3
,
14.4
,
14.5
,
14.6
,
14.7
,
14.8
,
14.9
,
14.10
,
14.11
,
14.12
,
15.1
,
epl.1

Wilkes, Charles

Wilkins, John,
5.1
,
5.2

Wilson, Edward O.

Wilson, Thomas

wire fences,
6.1
,
6.2

Wisdom of Crowds
(Surowiecki)

Wittgenstein, Ludwig,
3.1
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
8.1

World Brain
(Wells)

World Congress of Universal Documentation

World War II,
prl.1
,
prl.2
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
6.3
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
7.3

Wright, Sylvia

writing

abstract thinking and

alphabet-based,
2.1
,
2.2

criticism of communicative capacity of,
2.1
,
2.2

cryptography and,
5.1
,
5.2

cuneiform,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
,
2.5
,
2.6
,
2.7

in development of mathematics,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
,
2.5

extension of time and space in

historical development of,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
,
2.5

levels of representation in

memory and,
2.1
,
2.2

modes and uses of information arising from,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4

origins of logic in,
2.1
,
2.2

second age of orality and,
2.1
,
2.2

self-awareness in,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3

as technology

thinking and,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
,
2.5

Wyman, Bill,
14.1
,
14.2

Wynter, Andrew,
5.1
,
5.2
,
5.3
,
5.4

X System,
prl.1
,
prl.2
,
7.1

Yahoo!

Yaunde language

YouTube

ALSO BY JAMES GLEICK

Chaos: Making a New Science

Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman

Faster: The Acceleration of Just About Everything

What Just Happened: A Chronicle from the Information Frontier

Isaac Newton

A NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR
 

James Gleick was born in New York City in 1954. His previous books include
Chaos
and
Genius
, both Pulitzer Prize finalists and National Book Award nominees. His last book,
Isaac Newton
, was also a Pulitzer Prize finalist. They have been translated into more than twenty languages. His Web site is at
www.around.com
.

ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
 

4.1
Photograph courtesy of the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

6.1
The New York Times Archive/Redux

7.1
Copyright Robert Lord

7.2
Reprinted with permission from
Journal Franklin Institute
, vol. 262, E. F. Moore and C. E. Shannon, “Reliable Circuits Using Less Reliable Rays,” pp. 191–208, © 1956, with permission from Elsevier.

7.3
Taken from
Claude Elwood Shannon Collected Papers
, ed. NJA Sloane & Aaron Wyner © 1993 IEEE

7.4
Taken from
Claude Elwood Shannon Collected Papers
, ed. NJA Sloane & Aaron Wyner, © 1993 IEEE

7.5
© Mary E. Shannon

8.1
Alfred Eisenstaedt/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

8.2
Keystone/Stringer/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

8.3
Alfred Eisenstaedt/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images

9.1
Taken from
Entropy and Energy Levels
by Gasser & Richards (1974) Figs. 9.7, 9.8 pp. 117–118. By permission of Oxford University Press.

9.2
From
Symbols, Signals & Noise
by J. R. Pierce (Harper & Brothers, NY, 1961), p. 199.

9.3
Copyright © 2010 Stanley Angrist, reprinted by permission of Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group.

9.4
Reproduced from
Fundamentals of Cybernetics
, Lerner AY (Plenum Publishing Corp., NY 1975), p. 257.

9.5
Copyright © 2010 Stanley Angrist, reprinted by permission of Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group

12.1
Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech

13.1
Christopher Fuchs

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