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10
. John Adams,
The Works of John Adams
, ed. Charles Francis Adams, vol. 9 (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1854), 636.

11
.
Appleton's Cyclopedia
(New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887), s.v. “Cotton Mather Smith.”

12
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Barbara B. Oberg, vol. 32 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), 58–59.

13
. Thomas Jefferson,
Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies
, ed. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, vol. 3 (New York: G. & C. & H. Carvill, 1830), 438–440.

14
. William Linn,
Serious Considerations on the Election of a President: Addressed to the Citizens of the United States
(New York: John Furman, 1800), 24, Evans no. 37835.

15
. William Linn,
Serious Considerations on the Election of a President: Addressed to the Citizens of the United States
(New York: John Furman, 1800), 30.

16
. John Mitchell Mason,
A Voice of Warning to Christians, on the Ensuing Election of a President of the United States
(New York: G. F. Hopkins, 1800), 22–23.

17
. Ibid., 37–38.

18
. Nathanael Emmons, “Jeroboam. Annual Fast, April 9, 1801,” in
The Works of Nathanael Emmons, D. D., Late Pastor of the Church in Franklin, Mass., with a Memoir of His Life
, ed. Jacob Ide, vol. 2 (Boston: Crocker & Brewster, 1842), 194.

19
. Nathanael Emmons, “Rights of the People. National Thanksgiving, November 25, 1813,”
The Works of Nathanael Emmons, D. D., Late Pastor of the Church in Franklin, Mass. with a Memoir of His Life
, ed. Jacob Ide, vol. 2 (Boston: Crocker & Brewster, 1842), 284–285.

20
. Thomas Jefferson,
Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies
, ed. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, vol. 3 (New York: G. & C. & H. Carvill, 1830), 478.

21
. Claude G. Bowers,
Jefferson in Power—the Death Struggle of the Federalists
(Cambridge: The Riverside Press, 1936), 145.

22
. Saul K. Padover,
Jefferson
(1942, repr. New York: Penguin Books, 1970), 119.

23
. Allen Johnson, ed.,
Dictionary of American Biography
(New York: Charles Scribber's Sons, 1929), s.v. “Rev. John Leland.”

24
. John Leland, “A Blow at the Root, Being a Fashionable Fast-Day Sermon, Delivered at Cheshire, April 9, 1801,” in
The Writings of the Late Elder John Leland, Including Some Events in His Life, Written by Himself, with Additional Sketches
, ed. L. F. Greene (New York: G. W. Wood, 1845), 255.

25
. Rev. Manasseh Cutler,
Life, Journals and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler
, eds. William Parker Cutler and Julia P. Cutler, vol. 2 (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1888), 54, editor's note in journal entry for January 1, 1802.

26
. Charles Cist,
Cincinnati in 1841: Its Early Annals and Future Prospects
(Cincinnati: Published for the Author, 1841), 187; Dumas Malone,
Jefferson the Virginian
, vol. 1 (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1948), 226.

27
. Ellen M. Raynor and Emma L. Petitclerc,
History of the Town of Cheshire
(Holyoke, MA: Clark W. Bryan & Company, 1885), 87.

28
. Rev. Manasseh Parker,
Life, Journals and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler
, eds. William Parker Cutler and Julia P. Cutler, vol. 2 (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke and Co., 1888), 66–67.

29
. Ibid.

30
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson; Jefferson's Memorandum Books
, eds. James Bear and Lucia Stanton, vol. 2 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 1062.

31
. Wilbur E. MacClenny, “James O'Kelly: A Champion of Christian Freedom,” in
The Centennial of Religious Journalism
, ed. John Pressley Barrett (Dayton: Christian Publishing Association, 1908), 265.

32
. Dr. J. P. Barrett, editor of the
Herald of Gospel Liberty
, Dayton, Ohio, quoted in Wilburn E. MacClenny,
The Life of Rev. James O'Kelly and the Early History of the Christian Church in the South
(Suffolk: Edwards & Broughton Printing Company, 1910), 171–173.

33
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Works of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Paul Leicester Ford, vol. 1 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904–1905), 13.

34
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, vol. 1 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950), 116.

35
. Ibid., 2:6–7.

36
. Ibid.

37
. Ibid., 3:67.

38
. Ibid., 1:23.

39
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Barbara B. Osberg, vol. 35 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 350–351.

40
. Mark A. Beliles, “Religion and Republicanism in Jefferson's Virginia” (PhD diss., Whitfield Theological Seminary, 1993), 69–70.

41
. Samuel Stanhope Smith,
The Divine Goodness to the United States of America—A Discourse on the Subjects of National Gratitude
(Philadelphia: William Young, 1795); Jonathan French,
A Sermon Delivered on the Anniversary of Thanksgiving, November 29, 1798
(Andover: Ames and Parker, 1799); Rev. Joseph Willard,
A Thanksgiving Sermon Delivered at Boston December 11, 1783
(Boston: T. and J. Fleet, 1784); William Hazlitt,
A Thanksgiving Sermon Preached at Hallowell, December 15, 1785
(Boston: Samuel Hall, 1786); John Evans,
The Happiness of American Christians, A Thanksgiving Sermon Preached on Thursday the 24th of November 1803
(Hartford: Hudson and Goodwin, 1804); Isaac Backus,
An Appeal to the Public for Religious Liberty
(Boston: John Boyle, 1783); etc.

42
.
See
“Our Founding Fathers Were Not Christians,” BibleTrash.com, July 4, 2000, accessed June 13, 2011,
http://freethought.mbdojo.com/foundingfathers.html
; Jim Walker, “Thomas Jefferson of Christianity and Religion,” Nobeliefs.com, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://nobeliefs.com/jefferson.htm
.

43
. Lorenzo Dow,
Biography and Miscellany
(Norwich, CT: William Faulkner, 1834), 242–243.

44
. Thomas Jefferson,
Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies
, ed. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, vol. 3 (New York: G. & C. & H. Carvill, 1830), 441.

45
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Andrew A. Lipscomb, vol. 15 (Washington, DC: The Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association, 1904), 60.

46
. Samuel Knox,
A Vindication of the Religion of Thomas Jefferson
(Baltimore: W. Pechin, 1800); Thomas E. Buckley, “Thomas Jefferson and Myth of Separation,” Religion and American Presidency, accessed July, 14, 2011,
http://www.thedivineconspiracy.org/Z5212U.pdf
.

47
. Fred Hood,
Reformed America: The Middle and Southern States, 1783–1837
(Tuscaloosa, AL: The University of Alabama, 1980), 83.

48
. Elias Smith,
The Whole World Governed by a Jew, or, The Government of the Second Adam as King and Priest
(Exeter: Henry Ranlet, 1805), 34–35, 76–77.

49
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson; Jefferson's Memorandum Books
, eds. James A. Bear Jr. and Lucia C. Stanton (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 1:402, 403, 407; 2:1093, 1177, 1196, 1403, 1068, etc.

50
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson; Jefferson's Memorandum Books
, eds. James A. Bear Jr. and Lucia C. Stanton, vol. 2 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 1070, 1144, 1146, 1180, 1403.

51
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson; Jefferson's Memorandum Books
, eds. James A. Bear Jr. and Lucia C. Stanton, vol. 2 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 884.

52
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson; Jefferson's Memorandum Books
, eds. James A. Bear Jr. and Lucia C. Stanton (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 1:285; 2:837, 1057, 1062, 1071, 1095, 1111, 1130, 1154, 1348, etc.

53
. Mark A. Beliles,
“Religion and Republicanism in Jefferson's Virginia
” (PhD diss., Whitfield Theological Seminary School, 1993), 143.
See also
Thomas Jefferson,
Memoir, Correspondence, Miscellanies
, ed. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, vol. 3 (Charlottesville: F. Carr and Co., 1829), 463.

54
. John Leland, “Which Has Done the Most Mischief in the World, The Kings-Evil or Priest-Craft?” in
The Writings of the Late Elder John Leland, Including Some Events in His Life, Written by Himself, with Additional Sketches
, ed. L. F. Greene (New York: G. W. Wood, 1845), 484.

55
. David Ramsay,
The History of the American Revolution
, vol. 1 (Dublin: William Jones, 1795), 212.

56
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Works of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Paul Leicester Ford, vol. 9 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1905), 393.

57
. Thomas Jefferson,
Memoir, Correspondence, and Miscellanies
, ed. Thomas Jefferson Randolph, vol. 3 (New York: G. & C. & H. Carvill, 1830), 3:304–305, 377–378, 461–462; 4:204–206, 274–277; Thomas Jefferson,
The Works of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Ford, vol. 11 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1905), 51, 491.

58
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Andrew A. Lipscomb, vol. 14 (Washington, D. C.: The Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association, 1907), 119.

59
. Farrell Till, “The Christian Nation Myth,” the Secular Web, accessed June 7, 2011,
http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/farrell_till/myth.html
.

60
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Works of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Paul Leicester Ford, vol. 11 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1905), 204.

61
. Ibid., 11:358–359.

62
. “The Constitution of Virginia,”
The Constitution of the Sixteen States
(Boston: Manning and Loring, 1797), 212 “. . . all ministers of the gospel, of every denomination, be incapable of being elected members . . .”

63
. Jefferson,
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Boyd, 8:470.

64
. Thomas Jefferson,
The Works of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Paul Leicester Ford, vol. 9 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1905), 14.

L
IE
# 7: T
HOMAS
J
EFFERSON
W
AS AN
A
THEIST AND
N
OT A
C
HRISTIAN

1
. Joseph J. Ellis,
Founding Brothers
(New York: Vintage Books, 2000), 139 quoted in Mark A Gifford, “Country Mouse and Town Mouse,” hyerliterature.com, May 18, 2010, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://www.hyperliterature.com/?p=1763
.

2
. “Cloudy Judgment,” Minds Alike, April 18, 2011, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://mindsalike.co/2011/04/18/cloudy-judgement/
.

3
. Paul O'Brien, “Jefferson,” Paul O'Brien's Web, accessed May 12, 2011,
http://home.comcast.net/~pobrien48/jefferson_Letters.htm
.

4
. “An Interview with Michael Weinstein of Military Religious Freedom Foundation,” Pagan + Politics, February 26, 2010, accessed October 25, 2011,
http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=360240177811
.

5
. John E. Remsburg,
Six Historic Americans
(New York: The Truth Seeker Company, 1906), 65.

6
.
See
“Freethinker,” Thesaurus.com, accessed June 20, 2011,
http://thesaurus.com/browse/freethinker
; “Freethinker,” Dictionary.com, accessed June 20, 2011,
dictionary.reference.com/browse/freethinker
; “Freethinker,” synonyms.net, accessed June 20, 2011,
http://www.synonyms.net/synonym/freethinker
; “Freethinker,” thesaurus.
yourdictionary.com
, accessed June 20, 2011,
http://thesaurus.yourdictionary.com/freethinker
.

7
. “Atheist,”
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
, accessed May 11, 2011,
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/atheist?show=0&t=1305132077
.

8
. “Atheist,” About.com, accessed May 11, 2011,
http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/general/bldef_atheist.htm
.

9
. “Atheist,” Dictionary.com, accessed May 11, 2011,
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/atheist
.

10
. Benjamin Franklin
, The Works of Benjamin Franklin
, ed. John Bigelow, vol. 5 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Son, 1904), 325–326.

11
. Jefferson,
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Lipscomb, 12:405.

12
. Claude G. Bowers,
The Young Jefferson
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1945), 312.

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