Read The Longest August Online
Authors: Dilip Hiro
The Longest August (75 page)
3
. Cited in Dilip Hiro,
The Timeline History of India
(New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006), 261.
4
. Cited by Ye Zhengjia, “Clearing the Atmosphere,”
Frontline
(Chennai), October 10â23, 1998, citing Major-General Lei Yingfu,
My Days as a Military Staff in the Supreme Command
(in Chinese) (Nanchang: Baihuazhou Culture and Arts, 1997), 210.
5
. “Simla Agreement, July 2, 1972,”
http://www.jammu-kashmir.com/documents/simla.html
.
6
. Muhammad Zia ul Haq missed the irony of using the term “peanuts”: Jimmy Carter was a peanut farmer before being elected governor of Georgia in 1970.
7
. Adrian Levy and Catherine Scott-Clark,
Deception: Pakistan, the United States and the Secret Trade in Nuclear Weapons
(New York: Walker & Company, 2007), 104â105.
8
. Ibid., 106.
9
. Ibid., 151.
10
. T. V. Paul, “The Systemic Bases of India's Challenge to the Global Nuclear Order,”
Nonproliferation Review
(Fall 1998).
11
. Rai Muhammad Saleh Azam, “When Mountains MoveâThe Story of Chagai,”
Defence Journal
(June 2000).
12
. Pamela Philipose, “The Symbol of Pakistan,”
Indian Express
, February 22, 1999.
13
. “Lahore Declaration,”
http://www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/lahore-declaration
. The Indian and Pakistani foreign secretaries had prepared the draft of this agreement a month earlier.
14
. “Pakistan Warns of Kashmir War Risk,” BBC World, June 23, 1999.
15
. Steve Coll, “The Stand-Off: How Jihadi Groups Helped Provoke the Twenty-First Century's First Nuclear Crisis,”
New Yorker
, February 13, 2006.
16
. The remainder of the pre-1947 Jammu and Kashmir was controlled by China.
17
. Jyoti Malhotra, “Kashmir: Is Solution in Sight?,” December 7, 2006, BBC News.
18
. Kenneth J. Cooper, “India, Pakistan Kindle Hope for Peace,”
Washington Post
, February 21, 1999.
19
. “Literacy in India,” Census of India 2011,
http://www.census2011.co.in/literacy.php
.
20
. “Pakistan Ranks 180 in Literacy: UNESCO,”
Pakistan Today
, December 4, 2013.
epilogue
1
. Saba Imtiaz, “Fishermen Cross an Imperceptible Line into Enemy Waters,”
New York Times
, August 24, 2014. Between 2008 and 2013, India had released 353 Pakistani fishermen.
2
. Hilary Whiteman and Harmeet Shah Singh, “India, Pakistan Leaders Meet, Signal Steps to Rebuild Trust,” CNN, May 27, 2014.
3
. Hari Kumar, “Premier Denounces Pakistan for âProxy War,'”
New York Times
, August 12, 2014.
4
. Ibid.; “Narendra Modi Accuses Pakistan of Waging Proxy War in Kashmir,”
Guardian
(London), August 12, 2014.
5
. Biplob Ghosal, “Geelani Meets Pakistani High Commissioner, Says India's Decision to Cancel Talks âChildish,'” Zee Media Bureau, August 19, 2014,
http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation /geelani-meets-pakistani-high-commissioner-says-indias-decision-to-cancel-talks-childish_955441 .html
.
6
. “Pakistan Says It Is âNot Subservient' to India,”
Times of India
, August 19, 2014.
7
. Sachin Prashar, “Nawaz Sharif Seeks to Sweeten India-Pakistan Ties with Mangoes to Narendra Modi,”
Times of India
, September 5, 2014.
8
. “Pakistan Can't Draw Veil over Kashmir Issue: PM,”
Daily Times
(Lahore), September 27, 2014.
9
. Chidanand Rajghatta, “At UN General Assembly, PM Narendra Modi Rebukes Pakistan for Its Kashmir Obsession,”
Times of India
, September 27, 2014.
10
. “Time for âNew Beginning' in Bilateral Ties: Pakistani High Commissioner to India,”
Express Tribune
(Karachi), September 11, 2014.
11
. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), “India-Pakistan Auto Makers Ink Co-operation Agreement, August 27, 2014,”
http://indiapakistantrade.org/recent Developments.html#automakers
.
12
. Jon Boone and Rupam Jain, “Indians to Get Peek into Daily Lives of Pakistanis with New Soap Opera Channel,”
Guardian
(London), June 23, 2014.
13
. Nandini Sharma, “Gear Up for Two New Shows on Zindagi,”
Business Insider
, July 12, 2014.
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. London: Harper, 2010.
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. New Delhi: Lancer, 2008.
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Aatish-e-Chinar
,
176
A B Bofor,
267
Abbas, Chaudhury Muhammad,
176
Abbas, Ghulam
112
Abdullah, Shaikh Muhammad,
112
,
178
,
181
,
277
and Ayub Khan, Muhammad,
176
and Bangladesh War,
227
and Gandhi, Indira,
228
and Jinnah, Muhammad Ali,
113
,
116
and Nehru, Jawaharlal,
112
,
116
,
151
,
176
and plebiscite,
177
and Singh, Sir Hari,
113
,
116
,
121
and Zhou Enlai,
177
as Chief Administrator,
123
as Chief Minister,
228
biography and character of,
112â113
imprisonment of,
143
,
150
,
153
,
178
Abdullah, Shiraz,
47
Abdullah Abdullah,
385
Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz (Saudi Crown Prince),
289
,
385
Abraham (Prophet),
4
Abraham Lincoln
(US warship),
303
Abu Dhabi,
305
A Case of Exploding Mangoes
,
262
Acharaya, Krishna,
399
Achin,
392
Addu City,
362
Advani, Lal Krishna,
314
,
315
,
325â326
Afghan Mujahedin,
238
,
241
,
252â253
Afghan-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation,
238
Afghan Taliban,
see
Taliban
Afghanistan and Afghans,
4
,
5
,
299
,
369
,
422
and Britain,
369
and India,
238â239
,
359
,
371
,
372â373
,
374
,
375â376
,
377
,
378
,
381â382
,
383
,
384
,
385â386
,
387
,
390
,
391
,
392â393
,
422
and North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO),
379
and Pakistan,
238
,
370â371
,
372
,
374
,
375â376
,
377
,
378
,
380â381
,
384
,
386â387
,
389
,
390
,
416
,
422
and Russia,
372
and Soviet Union,
238
,
253
,
258
,
370â371
,
372
and Taliban,
372
,
385
,
386
,
390
,
391
,
392
and United Nations,
375
and United States,
237
,
252
,
316
,
326
,
359
,
372
,
375
,
376
,
383
,
385
,
387
civil war in,
372
Marxist coup in,
237â238
,
368
,
371
Afridi, Aleem,
217
Afridi, Shahid,
403
Afridi tribe,
118
Afzal, Muhammad,
321
Aga Khan,
6
Agreement on Prohibition of Attacks Against Nuclear Installations and Facilities (India-Pakistan),
266
,
323
,
425
Agreement on Strategic Partnership between India and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan,
388â389
Ahmad, Aziz,
194
Ahmad, Fakhruddin Ali,
232
Ahmad, Qazi Hussein,
292
Ahmad Khan, Munir,
190
,
222
,
244
,
423
Ahmadis,
229
Ahmed, Imtiaz,
264
Ahmed, Ishaq,
285
Ahmed, Khwaja Ihsan,
293
Ahmed, Mahmood,
299
,
304
,
305
,
306
,
316
,
317
,
319
Ahmed, Shamshad,
290
Ahmedabad Mill Owners Association (AMOA),
21â22
Ahmedabad Textile Labor Association,
23
Aichison's Treaties,
160
Aibak, Qutbuddin,
413
Air India,
374
Ajmer,
363
Akal Fauj,
100
Akali Dal,
252
Akali Party,
79
Akbar (Emperor),
397
Akbar, Saad,
140â141
Akbar, Zahid Ali,
230
Akhtar, Farhan,
302
Akram, Malik Muhammad,
367
Al Furqan,
337
al Libi, Abu Faraj,
338
al Nahyan, Shaikh Zayed bin Sultan,
305
Al Qaida,
304
,
310
,
316
,
317
,
322
,
338
,
348
,
363
,
373
,
382
,
384
,
385
,
387
,
390
Al Zulfikar,
261
Alexander, Albert Victor,
79
Algiers,
177
Ali, Chaudhry Zulfikar,
267
Ali, Muhammad Akbar,
234
Ali, Chaudhri Muhammad,
119
,
129
,
147
Ali, Syed Ajmad,
148
Ali, Choudhry Rahmat,
56â57
Ali, Shaukat,
28
,
29
,
30
,
31
,
32
,
42â43
Ali Brothers,
27â28
,
29â30
,
35
,
38
Ali Khan, Liaquat,
58
,
85
,
87
,
93
,
94
,
96
,
98
,
105
,
115
,
130
,
303
and China,
138
and Kashmir,
115
,
116
,
117
,
119
,
122
,
123
,
124
,
133
,
142
,
416â417
and Nehru, Jawaharlal,
132
,
133
,
138
,
139â140
and United States,
138
assassination of,
140â141
,
417
biography and character of,
31â32
All India Congress Committee (AICC),
53
,
60
,
70
,
71
,
76
,
81
,
88
,
97
All India Cow Protection Organization,
42
All India Hindu Mahasabha,
see
Hindu Mahasabha
All India Khilafat Conferences,
26
,
27
,
29
,
30
All India Muslim League,
see
Muslim League
All India Sikh Students Federation,
252
All India Trade Union Congress,
23
Allama, Ghulam Ali,
88
All Parties Conference,
44
All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC),
277
,
314
,
342
,
349
All Tripura Tiger Force,
197
Alling, Paul H.,
110
Almaty,
330
Almelo,
231
Ambassador's Journal
,
170
America and Americans,
see
United States
Amjad, Syed Muhammad,
312
Amin, Hafizullah,
238
Amin, Roya,
393
Amman,
257
Amnesty International,
277
Amritsar,
24
,
25
,
26
,
40
,
248
,
249
,
256
,
423
Amsterdam,
231
An Outsider Everywhere: Revelations of an Insider
,
223
Anada Math
,
64
Anarkali,
397
Anderson, Jack,
212
Anglo-Indians,
51
Ankara,
384
Annan, Kofi,
313
“Ansar,”
276
Ansari, Maulavi Abbas,
339
Antony, Arackaparanibil Kurien,
356
,
366
Anwar, Khurshid,
117â118
,
119
,
129â121
Ariana Afghan Airlines,
374
Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act (AFJKSP),
275â276
Arthashastra
,
370
Aryub Zazai,
380
Asian Games,
247
Asiatic Registration Bill,
12
,
14
,
15
Asif, Akbar,
397
Asif, Irfan,
398
Asif, Karimuddin,
397
Asif, Muhammad Azam,
301
Aslam, Ihsan,
302
Assam,
159
Associated Press of India,
117
Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal,
40
Atlantic Charter,
69
Attenborough, Richard,
25
,
49
,
106
Attlee, Clement,
74
,
76
,
77
,
79
,
87
,
90
,
91
,
94
,
110
,
113
,
125
,
416
Atwal, Avtar Singh,
248
Auchinleck, Sir Claude,
77
,
100
,
122
,
125
Aurora, Jagjit Singh,
209
,
214
,
215
Austro-Hungarian Empire,
11
Awami League (Pakistan),
147
,
196
,
198
,
199
,
201
,
202
,
222
Awara
(movie),
396
Ayni Air Base,
372
Ayub Khan, Gohar,
288
Ayub Khan, Muhammad,
146
,
345
,
417
,
428
,
430
and Abdullah, Shaikh Muhammad,
176
and Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali,
221
,
179
,
180
,
188
,
294
and China,
188
and India-Pakistan War (1965),
185
,
187
,
189â190
,
420
and Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI),
197
and Kashmir,
155
,
156â157
,
170
,
173
,
179
,
180
,
185
,
196
,
418
and Mao Zedong,
188
and Nehru, Jawaharlal,
154
,
155â57
,
166
,
170â171
,
176
,
417â418
and Operation Desert Hawk,
179
and Operation Gibraltar,
182â183
and Operation Grand Slam,
179
,
183
and Shastri, Lal Bahadur,
174
,
179
,
194
and Soviet Union,
187â188
,
191â192
and Tashkent Declaration,
195
as Chief Martial Law Administrator,
149
as Deputy Prime Minister,
210
as President,
149
,
153â154
,
155â157
,
233
biography and character of,
156
Azad, Maulana Abdul Kalam Muhiyuddin Ahmed,
48
,
68
,
72
,
74
,
75
,
78
,
79
,
80
,
97
,
126