The Myth of Nazareth: The Invented Town of Jesus (67 page)

Alexandre
,
Yardenna:
on burial cave NE of CA —46; on excavation at Ailut  —63; Hellenistic finds in relation to  —132

Alexandria:
  —99

Alon
(journal):
—71

“
Already
”:   —87,
88,
89,
90,
91,
92,
94; Bagatti’s misleading use of word  —74,
78,
85, 112; Finegan’s “earliest” in relation to  88

Alt, Albrecht:
  —44, 48, 100; on cities surrounding Galilee  —100; on settlement patterns in
Galilee  —136

Amarna letters:
—53,
54; Japhia in relation to —53

Amarna period:
—44

Amarna tablets:
—44

Amidah:
—267

Amiran
,
Ruth:
  on earliest artefacts from Nazareth —33; on Bronze Age chronology (chart) —27;
Ancient Pottery of the Holy Land
of —50; on LB bowl—  49

Amman:
See
  Philadelphia

Ammon:
  —63

Amorites:
—33

Amos:
—47

Anatolia:
—29

Anchor Bible Dictionary
:
—137;
quotation from Strange’s article in   —160; Strange’s article in, domestic installations in relation to   —193; Nazareth article by Strange in  —137; quotation from  141; Nazareth article by Strange in, major errors of —260

Ancient Lamps in the Schloessinger Collection
:
  —106;  of Rosenthal and Sivan —271

Ancient Pottery of the Holy Land
:
of Ruth Amiran —50

Anonymous of Piacenza:
—228–29; Mary’s Spring in relation to —228

Antigonus:
  —142, 154

Antigonus II:
execution of   —154

Antipas (“Herod”):
given Galilee and Perea   —155

Antiochus III:
  —101

Antiochus IV:
  —102

Antiochus Epiphanes:
See
 Antiochus IV

Antipater:
  —154

Antiquities of the Jews
:
of Josephus —268

Antoninus Pius:
rescinds ban on circumcision —269

Apologetics:
Bagatti’s writings as   —177; Catholic Nazareth archaeological literature as —xiv

Appendix 1:
itemization of BronzeAge artefacts from Nazareth Basin —311

Appendix 2:
itemization of Iron-Age artefacts from Nazareth basin —315

Appendix 3:
stratigraphy of Megiddo —319

Appendix 4:
Nazareth tombs; cross-references Bagatti & Kopp —323

Appendix 5:
independent datings of Nazareth lamps and pottery —325

Appendix 6:
pottery and movable artefacts from Nazareth —328

Appendix 7:
Nazareth timeline from
c
. 135 CE —331

Apollophanes:
tomb of  111

Arab conquest:
—277

Arad:
abandonment of —32

Aramaeans:
  —60

Arav:
Johanan ben Zakkai at (near Nazareth) —267

Archaeologists:
three principal; at Nazareth —xiv; early, question of continuous habitation in relation to  —64

Archaeology:
biblical, Ben-Tor on amateurism of —xi; its ability to prove or disprove biblical claims —xii; of Nazareth —xiii; Christian —73

Archaeology of the New Testament, The
:
of Jack Finegan  —86m 131; as representative secondary literature   —197; map omits tombs in venerated area —260; ignores tomb at house of Virgin Mary —252

Archaeology, the Rabbis, & Early Christianity:
of Strange and Meyers  —138

Archelaus
: given Judea, Samaria, and Idumea   —155

Arcosolium:
   —160, 164; description —270

Arculf:
—21516,
243

Aretas:
   —155

Arguments from silence:
discussion of —288

Arian Christians:
—278

Aristobulus:
  —142

Aristobulus I:
  —103

Aristobulus II:
—153

Ark of the Covenant: —
46

Armageddon:
battle of Megiddo in relation to —41; Megiddo in relation to —21

Armenia:
—29

Artefacts:
itemization of Bronze-Age, from Nazareth basin —311; of Nazareth basin Iron Age; Appendix 2 itemization of —315; pottery and movable from Nazareth (Appendix 6) —328

Ascalon:
  —100

Assyria:
—47–49,
53,
55, 60,
83,
94;  conquest of Northern Kingdom by in 722 BCE —47; Galilee conquered by —48

Assyrian Period:
chronological chart of  59

Athens:
  —98

‘Atiqot
 
(journal):
—71

Auditions (of Mary):
2 auditions according to Eastern Rite —215

Aviam
,
Mordechai:
—103, 142, 159,
184,
188,
189,
193, 237; on dampness of Galilee caves, troglodyte theory in relation to  —66, 237; on Jewish habitation in Galilee  —142; on settlement of Galilee under Alexander Janneus —103; ossuaries in relation to —187; sarcophagi in relation to —188; says no Hasmonean or Early Roman Jewish tombs yet excavated in Galilee   —159; on Galilee during Late Iron Age —48

B

Babel, Tower of:
  —62

Babylon:
  —60,
62

Babylonian Period:
chronological chart of  —59; discussion of  —61; evidence of lacking in Nazareth Basin  —60

Backdating:
of kokh tombs  —143

Bagatti, Fr. Bellarmino:
—30,
33,
36,
39,
40,
47,
50,
52,
55, 61,
66,
71,
72,
74,
75–80,
83,
84,
86–94, 137, 160,
161,
163,
167,
169,
172–185,
187–196,
200,
201,
202, 221; as principal archeologist at Nazareth —xiv; excavations at Church of St. Joseph in relation to —50; his datings of Bronze and Iron Age materials from Nazareth —37; Iron III artefacts in relation to —47; location of biblical Japhia in relation to —55; Megiddo stratigraphy in relation to —30; on Bronze Age —36; on earliest artefacts from Nazareth —33;  considers possibility of Holy Family as agriculturists  —81; death of in 1990  —72;
Dictionnaire de la Bible
of —77; doctrine of continuous habitation in relation to  —61;
Excavations in Nazareth
of  —84; Finegan citation of  —86; his misleading use of language  —79; investigations and excavations of  —71;
Ritrovamenti nella Nazaret Evangelica
of  —74; special trench excavated by —83; transposes Roman tombs to Crusader times —79; 1970 reexcavations by —124; alleges disappearance of wall foundation  —140; corrects Kopp’s misdating  —108;
Excavations in Nazareth
of  —111,
120;
Gli Scavi del Dominus Flevit
of  —114; Hellenistic nozzle of, lamp of Galilee boat in relation to  —119; inconsistency of  —126; misdating of shards from Ch. of St. Joseph by —125;
Scavo Presso la Chiesa di S. Giuseppe a Nazaret
of  —121; trench dug by  —142; claim of pre-Byzantine walls   —194;  confusion of figures in
Excavations in Nazareth
of —176; false attribution of term “Herodian” to Richmond   —180; graffiti in relation to —191; Japhia pottery in relation to —173; kokh tomb associated with Early Roman Period by —164; misdating of stone vessels by —185; ossuaries in relation to —187; quotation from his
Ritrovamenti nella Nazaret evangelica
   —175; sarcophagi in relation to —188; shards of oil lamps in relation to —167; use of term “Herodian”  —160; claims traces of houses in rock-cut cavities —234; his article in
Dictionnaire de la Bible
—220; on question of agricultural habitations —233; repudiates Kopp’s notice of kokh tomb under CA —248; ring of tombs and settlement area in relation to —220; on
History of Joseph the Carpenter
—296; on movable finds from “Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Periods”—  271; artefact dating by (Appendix 5) —327

Bar Kokhba (Cochba):
   —182; revolt of —268; stone vessel production in relation to —200; the Hapizzez in relation to —277

Barak:
—46

Barnavi, Eli:
  —101

Basins
: vats, discussion of   —195

Bath-house:
Roman, rumors of at Nazareth  —133

Battle of Gaugamela
:
  —99

Battle
of
Issus:  —
99

Battle of Marathon:
  —98

Battle of Megiddo:
—41

Battle of Mt. Gilboa: —
46

Battle of Mt. Tabor:
—46

Battle of Salamis:
—98

Beit Lehem Tseriyeh:
Nazareth in relation to —292

Beiträge zur Geschichte Nazareths:
of Fr. Clemens Kopp  —107

Ben-Tor, Amnon:
on
Beth Yerah ware
—29; his description of seminary-trained archaeologists; Bagatti as example of —xiv; on amateurism in Biblical archaeology —xi