The Myth of Nazareth: The Invented Town of Jesus (86 page)

^[606]
  Taylor 249, 250.

^[607]
  Inferius inter eosdem tumulos lucidissimum fontem conlocatum, quem totus civium frequentat populus de illo exhouriens aquam… Geyer: 274, quoted at
Exc
. 24–25.

^[608]
  Toutefois les deux vasques qui se voient encore… montrent au moins qu’une canalisation assez forte amenait en cet endroit des eaux abondantes. Viaud 146–47.

^[609]
   
NEAEHL
(1993) “Nazareth,” p. 1105.

^[610]
  Above, p. 223.

^[611]
  Viaud 52. “In front of this staircase, about one meter to the west, we uncovered several tombs of the Crusader era. They are located in a sort of room cut into the rock whose entrance was to the east. Perhaps this was originally a tomb of the Byzantine era, destroyed with the first church and reused by the Crusaders. This would justify the opinion of P. Meistermann, who sees in the two cisterns located in the courtyard, to the left, ancient tombs that have been transformed. As to the one to the right, we shall see that if it is also a transformed tomb, that transformation took place even at the time of the Crusades.”

^[612]
  Viaud 93 (in reference to Tomb 29).

^[613]
  Chapter 4, Illus. 4.3.

^[614]
  Chapter 4, pp. 160–164. All but four of the Roman tombs found at Nazareth are of the kokhim type (Illus. 4.2).

^[615]
  Chapter 4, Illus. 4.3, nos. 1–9.

^[616]
  Sussman 1982:3.

^[617]
 
Exc
. 305. These are the lamps marked “fig. 235” in Chapter 4, Illus. 4.3. Two of the nine bow-spouted lamps were found directly under the Church of the Annunciation, and three were discovered 20 m to the north. All are represented by shards, but they reveal enough to allow determination of the lamp type.

^[618]
 
Exc
. 318. See Chapter 4, pp. 181–195.

^[619]
 
See Chapter 4, pp. 165–167.

^[620]
 
Exc
. 70–72; fig. 33.

^[621]
  The possibility that there were secret underground “hiding” places for the Nazarenes, in case of attack, also cannot be discounted. These have been discovered in the Galilee dating I–II CE, and will be considered in Chapter 6.

^[622]
  Viaud 81, 90
f
.

^[623]
  Viaud 81 and 83 (figs. 36, 38, 39), 95.

^[624]
  Kopp 1939–40:91. See his discussion pp. 87
f
. and Pl. IX p. 113.

^[625]
  Bagatti 1955:16.

^[626]
  The alleged tombs under the CA are referred to either as “tombs” (
e.g
., “T. 27”), or as loci (“L. 27”), depending on the context. The number is invariable, and allows the reader to locate the site.

^[627]
  Kopp 1938:197.

^[628]
  Viaud 1910:fig. 2, p. 35, labeled “Sépulcres.”

^[629]
  The plan of T. 72 is given in Chapter 3, Illus. 3.2.

^[630]
  Bagatti may confirm this when he writes “We know the east wall, on the south side, for half a metre only” (
Exc
. 49). This appears to be a garbled translation from the Italian original.

^[631]
 
Exc
. 38, fig. 9, 27c (top right).

^[632]
  See Chapter 4: Illus. 4.3 and accompanying discussion.

^[633]
  Kopp 1963:62.

^[634]
  Baldi-Bagatti:260; Kopp (1939–40):89. The area has been greatly reworked. Other loculi could be to the west and south of the tomb (see Viaud p. 81 = Baldi-Bagatti:248). Viaud, in fact, shows another tomb immediately to the west (not marked as such in Baldi-Bagatti).

^[635]
  Taylor 255.

^[636]
 
Exc
. 100.

^[637]
  Finegan 1992:53.

^[638]
 
Exc
. 186.

^[639]
  Tombeau.—Si maintenant nous redescendons à la chapelle de l’Ange par le même escalier méridional, nous voyons en face, dans la paroi nord, un tombeau (fig. 42). Pour celui qui descend par l’escalier occidental, il se trouve à main gauche.

^[640]
  See Daniel the Abbot,
Zhitie
90 (in Russian).

^[641]
  Viaud 94–95.

^[642]
  Viaud 93.

^[643]
  Viaud 116.

^[644]
 
Cf
. Mk 3:21, 31; 4:1.

^[645]
  Taylor dates the earliest Nazareth mosaics “to the beginning of the fifth century” (Taylor 243).

^[646]
  Kopp 1939–40:88. He cites Baldi-Bagatti 1937:261.

^[647]
  G. Hüffer, Loreto, vol. 2. Münster, 1921.

^[648]
  Kopp 1939–40:88–89.

^[649]
  Kopp 1963:64.

^[650]
  Baldi-Bagatti:262.

^[651]
  E. Klameth,
Die neutestamentlichen Lokaltraditionen Palästinas
. Vol. 1, Münster, 1914.

^[652]
  Kopp 1939–40:89.

^[653]
  This tomb is marked only in the oldest literature (Viaud 81).

^[654]
  Kopp took a less sanguine view. “As long as this hypothesis lacks any historical validation,” he writes, “it were better left out of consideration” (1939–40:90).

^[655]
 
Exc
. 100.

^[656]
  The earliest mosaics at the Church of the Annunciation, including the Conon mosaic, date to V CE (Taylor 243). Strange dates the mosaics one century too early (
ABD
1050).

^[657]
  See Taylor 243.

^[658]
  Bagatti (Exc. 16, n. 26) offers the following bibliography: P. Hanozin
, Le Geste des Maryrs
, Paris 1935, pp. 134–38;
Analecta Bollandiana
, XVIII, p. 180; G. Garitte,
Le calendrier palestino-géorgien du Sinaiticus 34
(10th cent.), Paris 1958, p. 173.

^[659]
 
Exc
. 16, 198–99.
Cf
. 100–102.

^[660]
  This is Kopp’s tomb no. 13. He discusses it with diagram at Kopp 1938:201.

^[661]
  This is Bagatti’s T. 71. It yielded approximately two dozen artefacts (
cf
. Chapter 6).

^[662]
  Kopp 1839–40:93.

^[663]
  Finegan 1969:27; 1992:44.

^[664]
  Kopp (1938): 215.

^[665]
 
Pet. Diac. Lib. T
., quoted in Wilkinson 1981:193.

^[666]
 
                Schürer I:2.247.

^[667]
  Schürer I:255–56.

^[668]
                 M. Grant 208.

^[669]
  Schürer I:2.277

^[670]
                 Schürer I:2.274.
Cf
. The New Testament expressions “the scribes of the Pharisees,” “the scribes of the people,” “scribes and Pharisees,” (Mk 2:16; Mt 12:38,
etc
.). The great improbability that scribes went up to Galilee “from Jerusalem” (Mk 3:22) will be considered elsewhere. In general, the evangelists fail to reconcile prewar and postwar settings for Jesus’ activity.           

^[671]
  Schürer II:2.88 (text pp. 85–87).

^[672]
                 The original wording may have contained the word
Notsrim
(De Boer 251). In the mid-second century Justin Martyr was already familiar with the
birkath
ha-minim
, which he interprets as directed against believers in Christ (Trypho c. 16). Later, Epiphanius and Jerome know versions of the imprecation against “Nazoreans” and “Nazarenes” respectively. The latter word is also found in a ninth-century version of the
Amidah
discovered in the Cairo Geniza (Heinemann 33–36).                        

^[673]
                 Schürer II:1,366.

^[674]
                 M. Grant 209.

^[675]
  Koester 1990:337, and H. Schreckenberg, “Flavius Josephus und die Lukanischen Schriften,” in
Wort in der Zeit: Neutestamenliche Studien
, ed. W. Haubeck. Brill: 1980.

^[676]
  Eusebius,
Eccl. Hist
. IV.2