The Nazi Hunters (57 page)

Her father served
and all early biographical details and quotes: Ibid., 3–23; Serge Klarsfeld with Anne Vidalie,
La Traque des criminels Nazis,
11–13, 31–32; and Beate and Serge Klarsfeld interview with the author.

In June 1943:
“Alois Brunner,”
jewishvirtualibrary.org
.

“I knew him well”:
Jeremy Josephs,
Swastika Over Paris: The Fate of the French Jews,
Serge Klarsfeld, Introduction, 17.

That was the year:
Frei, 395, n46; and “Kurt Kiesinger, 60’s Bonn Leader and Former Nazi, Is Dead at 83,”
New York Times,
March 10, 1988.

“What seemed impossible
”
:
Beate Klarsfeld, 18.

For Beate
and her account and quotes about their campaign against Kiesinger: Ibid., 19–63.

Serge had learned
and
Recognizing that:
Serge Klarsfeld with Vidalie, 13, 76; Serge Klarsfeld interview with the author.

“How can I”:
Beate Klarsfeld, 22.

“into a truly”:
Ibid., 48.

“We kept our”:
Serge Klarsfeld interview with the author.

In fact, Beate
and Warsaw and Prague experiences: Beate Klarsfeld, 112–40.

She appealed and eventually was given
;
“had guns out”;
Brandt pardon: Beate Klarsfeld, 87.

But because of
and status of Germans who had served in France: Serge Klarsfeld with Vidalie, 40–41; Beate Klarsfeld, 160–64.

Both battles dragged on
and rest of statute of limitations changes: Heberer and Matthäus, eds., 242, n22.

As Serge put it:
Serge Klarsfeld with Vidalie, 43–44.

“The Paris Gestapo”:
Beate Klarsfeld, 153. Other details on the three: John Vinocur, “3 Ex-Nazis Get Jail Terms for War Crimes,”
New York Times,
February 12, 1980.

“It’s only in”:
Beate Klarsfeld, 166.

Beate prepared
and rest of account of actions aimed at Lischka and Hagen: Ibid., 167–203; and Serge Klarsfeld with Vidalie, 43–52.

The three men
and
“completely and fully understood”:
John Vinocur, “3 Ex-Nazis Get Jail Terms for War Crimes,”
New York Times
, February 12, 1980.

In 1934
,
“Baltic Lindbergh,”
and
“I remember Cukurs”:
Anton Kuenzle and Gad Shimron,
The Execution of the Hangman of Riga: The Only Execution of a Nazi War Criminal by the Mossad
, 29–31.

But Cukurs was
and his war record: Ibid., 32–34.

After the war
and testimonies of survivors about Cukurs: Ibid., 35–43.

“a low-level”:
Ibid., xx.

On February 23, 1965
and rest of killing of Cukurs, including “VERDICT”: Ibid., 125–27.

“Like the Eichmann case”:
“Reports from Abroad,”
New York Times
, March 14, 1965.

Most readers
and obituaries: See, for example, “Zvi Aharoni and Yaakov Meidad,”
Telegraph,
August 16, 2012.

“raised public consciousness”
and rest of Yoav’s conversation with Meidad: Kuenzle and Shimron, 8–9.

“To kill a man”:
Rafi Eitan interview with the author.

“They were all”:
Kuenzle and Shimron, 102.

“killer”
and
“is still innocent”
and
“Being a member”:
Associated Press, “Latvian Musical on Nazi Collaborator Stirs Anger,” October 30, 2014.

“There must be no”:
“Israel Condemns Latvia’s ‘Butcher of Riga’ Musical,”
israelinternationalnews.com
, October 23, 2014.

“To the police”:
Ira Levin,
The Boys from Brazil,
12.

That helped him
and launch of Documentation Center in Vienna: Pick, 152.

Frederick Forsyth
and Roschmann story, including
“Roschmann became”
and
“but I didn’t want”:
Wiesenthal, 96–103.

“You are”
and
“like a poor relation
”
:
Segev, 326.

Wiesenthal remained firm:
Wiesenthal, 344.

“No, I’m still”:
Martin Mendelsohn interview with the author.

“not shaken”
and
“We did not have”:
Serge Klarsfeld with Vidalie, 39; Serge Klarsfeld interview with the author.

“using anti-Semitism”:
Wiesenthal, 209.

He often charged:
Ibid., 7; and Simon Wiesenthal interviews with the author.

In October 1958
and reaction and quotes at the Anne Frank play, along with Wiesenthal’s conversations and subsequent actions: Wiesenthal, 335–40; and Wechsberg, ed., 172–83.

As Wiesenthal recalled
and rest of Wiesenthal’s account and quotes about Braunsteiner: Wiesenthal, 139–57.

“The Sleuth with 6 Million Clients”:
Clyde A. Farnsworth,
New York Times,
February 2, 1964.

His recollection
and rest of Lelyveld’s account: Joseph Lelyveld interview with the author; Joseph Lelyveld,
Omaha Blues: A Memory Loop
, 175–82.

“Former Nazi Camp Guard”:
Joseph Lelyveld,
New York Times,
July 14, 1964.

After long legal battles:
Douglas Martin, “A Nazi Past, a Queens Home Life, an Overlooked Death,”
New York Times,
December 2, 2005.

“To this day”:
Alan Elsner,
The Nazi Hunter,
2.

“The fact that
” and rest of Rosenbaum’s account, unless indicated otherwise: Eli Rosenbaum interviews with the author.

From then on:
Howard Blum:
Wanted! The Search for Nazis in America,
19–22. Blum identified the source as Oscar Karbach, whom he described as the president of the World Jewish Congress. Rochelle G. Saidel in her book
The Outraged Conscience: Seekers of Justice for Nazi War Criminals in America
pointed out that Karbach was a staff researcher for the WJC, not its president (
page 98
).

“He was a lone”:
Blum, 25.

“an effective”
and
“This seemed impossible”
and rest of Holtzman’s account: Elizabeth Holtzman with Cynthia L. Cooper,
Who Said It Would Be Easy? One Woman’s Life in the Political Arena,
90–96; and Elizabeth Holtzman interview with the author.

After the war
and Trifa story: Saidel, 31–45.

“I don’t know”
and other Mendelsohn quotes: Martin Mendelsohn interview with the author.

“This action”:
Saidel, 119.

With an initial budget:
Ibid., 127, and Allan A. Ryan, Jr.,
Quiet Neighbors: Prosecuting Nazi War Criminals in America
, 249.

In 1948
and history of Displaced Persons Act: Ryan, 15–28; and The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, “Displaced Persons.”

“The DP Act,” “nearly 10,000,”
and
“they became model citizens”:
Ryan, 22, 26, 268.

Up until 1973:
Ibid., 42.

“ ‘Nazi hunting’ ”:
A redacted version of the report can be found online:
http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB331/DOJ_OSI_Nazi_redacted.pdf
. The full report has not been officially released as of this writing, although it has been cited by Eric Lichtblau in his reporting for
The New York Times
and his book
The Nazis Next Door: How America Became a Safe Haven for Hitler’s Men.

In 1981:
Ryan, 268.

“All this talk”
and Trifa story: Ari L. Goldman, “Valerian Trifa, an Archbishop with a Fascist Past, Dies at 72,”
New York Times,
January 29, 1987; and Saidel, 43–45.

“The missile slaves”
and death rate: Jean Michel,
Dora,
62, 65.

But the book’s:
Frederick I. Ordway III and Mitchell R. Sharpe,
The Rocket Team,
79–85.

“as long as you”
and rest of Rosenbaum-Sher conversation: Eli Rosenbaum interview with the author.

Rudolph was not
and
“to show”:
Transcript from National Archives (copy courtesy of Eli Rosenbaum).

“At the time”:
Elizabeth White interview with the author.

“Forty-four children”:
Serge Klarsfeld,
The Children of Izieu: A Human Tragedy
. 7.

“Barbie is not”:
Ibid., 15.

“The Germans were”:
Tom Bower,
Klaus Barbie: Butcher of Lyons,
112–13.

“has entered”:
Serge Klarsfeld,
The Children of Izieu,
15.

“I’m very happy”:
Ibid., 45.

American Special Services:
Ibid., 15.

A tribunal in Lyon
and Beate Klarsfeld’s account of Barbie case: Beate Klarsfeld, 215–77.

“Shot or deported”
and identity of person who said this: Ibid., 234, 240.

“I am on”:
Ibid., 239.

“That is all”:
Ibid., 242.

“I was helping” and “We are here”:
Ibid., 255–56
.

“forgotten through indifference,” “Bolivia is an inviolable,”
and rest of visit to La Paz: Ibid., 263–73.

“I have forgotten”:
Ryan, 279.

“None of the”:
Beate Klarsfeld, 247–48.

In December 1972:
Bower, 18–19; Serge Klarsfeld with Vidalie, 55; and Beate and Serge Klarsfeld interview with the author.

When the West Germans balked:
Ryan, 277–79.

“And it was”:
Serge Klarsfeld,
The Children of Izieu,
7.

“I didn’t know”
and rest of Ryan’s account of Barbie investigation: Ryan, 280–323.

“The evidence”:
Ibid., 282.

“The clear implication”:
Ibid., 285. Although Ryan did not name the network correspondent involved in his book, he identified him in an interview with the author. In a separate interview with the author, John Martin confirmed his account.

“dangerous conspirator”:
Ibid., 288.

“an honest man”:
Ibid., 289.

“detailed interrogation”:
Ibid., 290.

“the mission of CIC”:
Ibid., 291.

“vilified for”
and other quotes from the OSI report: U.S. Department of Justice,
Klaus Barbie and the United States Government: A Report to the Attorney General of the United States,
August 1983.

“unclear if”:
David Marwell interview with the author.

“a chronicle”:
Ryan, 321.

“deep regrets”:
Ibid., 322.

“This particularly”:
Ibid., 323.

“It has to do”
and other Rosenbaum quotes, including his conversations with Zelman: Eli M. Rosenbaum with William Hoffer,
Betrayal: The Untold Story of the Kurt Waldheim Investigation and Cover-up,
1–13.

In a 1980 letter:
Ibid., 15.

“the best-known”:
Ibid., 12.

“A friend of mine”
and rest of Schuler-Rosenbaum exchange: Ibid., 22–33.

“Have you shown”
and rest of Schuler-Rosenbaum conversation about Wiesenthal: Ibid., 46–49.

“We’re not”
and rest of WJC discussion, along with Bronfman’s role: Ibid., 57–58.

Tagliabue explained:
“Files Show Kurt Waldheim Served Under War Criminal,”
New York Times,
March 3, 1986.

Covering the story
and my account of Waldheim and Wiesenthal interviews, “Waldheim: A Nazi Past?,”
Newsweek,
March 17, 1986, and lengthier file I sent to my editors on March 7, 1986.

“without visiting”
and
In 1979:
Wiesenthal, 311.

“even to obtain”:
Ibid., 313.

“I don’t understand”:
Wiesenthal later claimed, in a letter to the editor in
Newsweek’s
April 7, 1986, issue, that he had not said explicitly to me that Waldheim was a liar. But he did not back off his assertion that he did not believe Waldheim’s claim that he knew nothing about the deportations of Jews from Salonika.

Waldheim called,
Wiesenthal’s conversation with Waldheim, and
“one of the best-informed officers”:
Wiesenthal, 318–19.

“no more than”
and
“he had been”
and
“proclaimed Waldheim”:
Ibid., 315, 313.

Rosenbaum correctly
and
“But it was”:
Rosenbaum with Hoffer, 90–91.