The Noonday Demon (115 page)

MDSG (Mood Disorders Support Groups),
11
,
159
–62

Mead, Richard,
481

mechanistic models, biological theories based on,
306
–8

Medicaid,
338
,
368
,
375

Medicare,
375

melatonin,
55
,
140

Mellsop, G. W.,
447

memory:

in brain function,
49

ECT and loss of,
76
,
82
,
122
,
123
,
423

in elderly dementia vs. depression,
190

sadness triggered by,
98
–99

substance abuse losses of,
231
,
232

of traumatic events,
140
–41

men, suicidality of,
254
,
258
–59

Menander,
289

Menninger, Karl,
252
,
255

Menodotus of Nicomedia,
289

menopause,
117
,
174

men’s depression:

aggression of,
178
–80

alcoholism of,
175

homosexuality and,
202
–8

in indigent populations,
354
–55

reluctance toward treatment of,
354

women’s depression rates vs.,
173
,
175
,
177
–78,
180
,
457
,
458

menstruation,
174
,
249
,
471
–72

Mental Health Association of Southeastern Pennsylvania,
391

mental health lobbying,
362
–63

Mental Health Parity Act,
375

mental illness:

asylum residential care established for,
317
–19

asymmetrical brain as origin of,
416
,
417

civil liberties issues of,
378
–82,
393
–94

classifications of,
319
,
323
,
327
,
331
,
398
,
415

community treatment clinics for,
377
–78,
384
,
391
,
494

criminalization of,
380
–81,
394

cultural rejection of concept,
200
,
238
–39

first genetic theory of,
308

government research on,
369
,
376

historical/social determinants of forms of,
193

insurance parity sought for,
361
,
369
–73,
377

moral treatment of,
317
,
320

popular images of violence linked with,
373
–74

psychoanalytic views vs. psychobiology of,
322
–28,
334

punishment of,
293
,
308
–9

self-consciousness as origin of,
415

societal responsibility for treatment of,
394

socioeconomic impact of,
353

treatment vs. cure of,
319
–20

unemployment due to,
337

see also
depression; manic-depressive (bipolar) disorder; schizophrenia

Mercado, Huarte,
299

Mercado, Luis,
299

Mercado, Walter,
194

Merchant of Venice, The
(Shakespeare),
29

Merck,
171

Merkin, Daphne,
53

metabolic levels, in brain function,
123

methadone,
232
,
469

methylphenidate,
116

Meyer, Adolf,
328
–29,
486
–87

Meyer, Mary Brooks,
328

Meyer, R. E.,
221

mianserin,
333

Middle Ages, Christian moral condemnation of melancholia in,
285
,
292
–95

military veterans, psychiatric health care of,
381

Millay, Edna St. Vincent,
266

Milton, John,
301
,
439
–40

mind-body split,
306
–7,
322

Miranda, Jeanne,
339
–40,
341
,
342
,
343
,
347
–48,
349
,
350
,
351
,
354
,
371
,
490

mixed states,
48

mobility, modern ease of,
408
–9

modernity, emotional stresses of,
31
–32,
404
,
406
–9

Mondimore, Francis,
453

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs):

for atypical depression,
114

childhood depression and,
185
,
460

discomforts of,
27
,
118

discovery of,
331
,
332

negative sexual side effects of,
115

neurotransmitter actions of,
114

monoamines,
332

Monro, John,
309

Monroe, Marilyn,
251

Montaigne, Michel de,
298
,
479

mood, emotion vs.,
403

Mood Disorders Support Groups (MDSG),
11
,
159
–62

Morgan, Theresa,
355
–59,
360

“morning pages,”
155

morphine,
217
,
223
,
327

mortality,
246

motherhood:

attachment of,
413

breastfeeding and,
83

depression in,
459

as depressive stress,
175
,
440
–41

effects of depression on,
180
–81,
383

of indigent depressed,
337
,
338
,
342
,
345
,
346
–47,
351
–52,
358
,
359

lack of,
175
–76

postpartum depression and,
138
,
174
,
176
,
457

suicidality and,
121
–22

Mourning and Melancholia
(Freud),
301
,
324
,
325

Mt. Sinai Hospital, electroconvulsive therapy at,
75
–76

Nagel, Thomas,
430

Naltrexone,
229

Napier, Richard,
480

Napoleon I, Emperor of France,
229

naps,
145

Nardil,
114
,
161

National Advisory Mental Health Council,
492

National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI),
363
,
370
,
491

National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association (NDMDA),
363

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH),
368
–69,
376

National Institutes of Health (NIH),
369

nature:

alienation from,
314

invention vs.,
430
–31

Nausea
(Sartre),
329

Navane,
63
,
64
,
119

Nazism,
73
,
74
,
281

ndeup
ceremonies,
165
–70

Nemeroff, Charles,
448

Nesse, Randolph,
406
,
410
,
412
–13,
435

Netherlands,
202
,
203
,
464

neuronal tissue, long-term damage to,
60

neurons, excitability between,
55

Neurontin,
97
,
422

neurotransmitters:

and blood flow within brain,
417

depressive episode impact on,
55

ECT effects on,
123

elderly diminishment of,
189
–90

exercise effects on,
138

history of developmental research on,
331
–33

indirect relationship of mood with,
111
–13

interactions among,
113

recovery time and,
417

Saint-John’s-wort and,
146

seasonal light exposure and,
140

in sleep states,
145

substance abuse and,
217
–18,
219
,
223
,
228
,
230
–31

suicidality affected by,
252
–54

see also
dopamine; norepinephrine; serotonin, serotonin levels;
other specific neurotransmitters

New Age treatments,
141
–42

Newman, John,
310

Newman, Russ,
451

New York City,
464

New York State,
493

New Yorker,
The,
11
–12,
205
,
363
,
365

New Zealand,
202
,
464

nicotine,
218
,
202
,
224
,
225

Nierenberg, Andrew,
117

Nietzsche, Friedrich,
143
,
283
,
317
,
476
,
484
–85

Night Falls Fast
(Jamison),
259
–60

NIH (National Institutes of Health),
369

nihilism,
315

NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health),
368
–69,
376

Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan,
174
,
457

“noonday demon,” history of term,
292
–93,
478

noradrenaline,
253

Norden, Michael J.,
454

norepinephrine:

antidepressant medication and,
117
,
118
,
171

anxiety disorders and,
65

early research on,
331
–32,
333

illegal stimulants and,
230

in sleep,
145

suicidality and,
253
,
473

normality, standards of,
73
,
89
,
124

Normand, William,
102

Norpramin,
114

Norristown State Mental Hospital,
386
–89,
392
,
422
,
424
,
427
,
432
,
498

North America, colonial societies of,
312
–13

nortriptyline,
83
,
184

Nyon Phaly,
34
–37,
342
–43,
351

nutrition,
138
–39

obsessive-compulsives, irrational fears of,
305

octopus, suicide of,
257

“Ode on Melancholy” (Keats),
314

omega-3 fatty acids,
139
,
454

opiates,
222
,
231
–32

opium,
231
–32,
327

Oppenheim, David,
255

optimism, evolutionary selective advantage of,
433
–34

Oquendo, Maria,
251

Osler, Sir William,
328

outreach treatment programs,
338
,
341
,
349
,
375
,
390

Outward Bound,
142
–44,
207

Ovid,
38

ozone layer, depletion of,
30
,
31
,
360
,
490
–91

pain:

benefits of,
24
–25,
38

emotional vs. physical,
422
–23,
435

hospital procedures on medication for,
84
–85

self-infliction of,
422
–23

Pamelor,
114

Pancratz, S.,
447

panic disorders,
65
–66,
181
,
202
,
422
,
458
,
463
–64