The Physics of Superheroes: Spectacular Second Edition (58 page)

BOOK: The Physics of Superheroes: Spectacular Second Edition
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Page 59
“Captain Cold, one of the first . . .” See, for example,
Showcase # 8
(National Comics, June 1957), reprinted in
Flash Archives Volume 1
(DC Comics, 1996). Written by John Broome and drawn by Carmine Infantino.
Page 59
“While friction’s basic properties were . . .”
History of Tribology, 2nd edition,
Duncan Dowson (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999).
Page 62
“This mechanism was proposed . . .” D. Hu, B. Chan, and J. W. M. Bush,
Nature
424, pp. 663-666 (2003).
Page 62
Flash # 117 (National Comics, Dec. 1960), reprinted in
Flash Archives Volume 3
(DC Comics, 2002). Written by John Broome and drawn by Carmine Infantino.
Page 63
“One can, of course, move faster than the speed of sound . . .” “Breaking the Sound Barrier,” Chuck Yeager,
Popular Mechanics
(Nov. 1987);
Yeager: An Autobiography,
Chuck Yeager (Bantam, reissue edition, 1986).
Page 64
Fig. 10
Flash # 117
(second story) (National Comics, Dec. 1960), reprinted in
Flash Archives Volume 3
(DC Comics, 2002). Written by Gardner Fox and drawn by Carmine Infantino.
Page 67
Flash # 124
(National Comics, Nov. 1961), reprinted in
Flash Archives Volume 3
(DC Comics, 2002). Written by John Broome and drawn by Carmine Infantino.
CHAPTER 5
Page 69
“In his first appearance...”
Tales to Astonish # 27
(Marvel Comics, Jan. 1962), reprinted in
Essential Ant-M an, Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2002). Written by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 70
The Incredible Shrinking Man: A Novel
, Richard Matheson (Tor Books, 2001).
Page 70
Tales to Astonish # 35
(Marvel Comics, Sept. 1962), reprinted in
Essential Ant-Man, Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2002). Written by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 71
“Given that ants actually communicate . . .”
Journey to the Ants,
Bert Holldobler and Edward O. Wilson (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1994).
Page 71
“discussing the construction of ‘time machines’” “Wormholes, Time Machines and the Weak Energy Condition,” Michael S. Morris, Kip S. Thorne, and Ulvi Yurtsever,
Phys. Rev. Lett
. 61, 1446 (1998); “Warp Drive and Causality,” Allen E. Everett,
Phys. Rev. D
53, 7365 (1996); “Closed Timelike Curves Produced by Pairs of Moving Cosmic Strings: Exact Solutions,” J. Richard Gott III,
Phys. Rev. Lett
66, 1126 (1991);
Black Holes and Time Warps
, K. S. Thorne (Norton, 1994).
Page 72
See the novelization
Fantastic Voyage,
Isaac Asimov (based on a screenplay by Harry Kleiner) (Bantam Books, 1966).
Page 73
“As discussed in Isaac Asimov’s . . .” Ibid, chapter 4.
Page 74
Fantastic Voyage II: Destination Brain
, Isaac Asimov (Doubleday, 1987).
CHAPTER 6
Page 78
“Making his debut...”
More Fun Comics # 73
(National Comics, Nov. 1941), written by Mort Weisinger and drawn by artist Paul Norris.
Page 79
Footnote.
More Fun Comics # 106
(National Comics, Nov. Dec. 1945), written by Joe Samachson and drawn by artist Louis Cazeneuve.
Page 79
Footnote “Sub-Mariner”
Marvel Comics # 1
(Timely Comics, Oct. 1939) written and drawn by Bill Everett.
Page 79
“alveoli”
Physics in Biology and Medicine
, 3rd Edition, Paul Davidovits (Academic Press, 2007) p.129.
Page 80
“water layer, gas exchange” Ibid, p. 132.
Page 80
“surface tension”
Capillarity and Wetting Phenomena: Drops, Bubbles, Pearls, Waves,
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Francoise Brochard-Wyart and David Quere (Springer, 2003).
Page 81
“pulmonary surfactant”
The Surgical Review,
2nd ed., Pavan Alturi, Giorgos C. Karakousis, Paige M. Porrett and Larry R. Kaiser (Lippin- cott Williams & Wilkins, 2005) p. 369.
Page 82
“surfactants make water wetter . . .”
Fragile Objects: Soft Matter, Hard Science and the Thrill of Discovery,
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes and Jacques Badoz (Springer, 1996).
Page 83
“a year later . . .”
More Fun Comics # 85
(National Comics, Nov1942), written by unknown and drawn by artist Louis Cazeneuve.
Page 85
Justice League of America # 200
(DC Comics, Mar. 1982) written by Gerry Conway and drawn by George Perez and Brett Breeding.
Page 86
“dates back to ancient Mesopotamia”
The Sumerians: Their History, Culture and Character,
Samuel Noah Kramer (University of Chicago Press, 1971).
Page 89
“imploding tanker car”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_hci9vrvfw
Page 90
“fish gas bladder”
Biology of Fishes
(2nd edition), Carl Bond (Brooks Cole, 1996).
Page 91
“chemical engineering professor Ed Cussler” “Will Humans Swim Faster or Slower in Syrup?” Brian Gettelfinger and E.L. Cussler,
AIChE Journal,
vol. 50, p. 2646 (2004).
Page 91
“dolphins are continuously shedding their skin” “The Physics of Swimming,” Karen C. Fox,
Discover Magazine
, Feb. 2006.
CHAPTER 7
Page 95
“Dragline silk webbing . . .” “Stronger than Spider Silk,” Eric J. Lerner,
The Industrial Physicist,
vol. 9, no. 5, p. 21 (Oct./Nov. 2003); Nature, vol. 423, pg. 703 (2003).
Page 95
“Spider-Man is able to alter the material properties . . .”
Spider-Man Annual # 1
(Marvel Comics, June 1963); reprinted in
Marvel Masterworks: Amazing Spider-Man Volume 2
(Marvel Comics, 2002). Written by Stan Lee and drawn by Steve Ditko.
Page 95
“Similarly, real spiders can control” C. L. Craig et al.
Molecular Biol. Evolution,
vol. 17, 1904 (2000); Frasier I. Bell, Iain J. McEwen and Christopher Viney, A. B. Dalton, S. Collins, E. Munoz, J. M. Razal, V. H. Ebron, J. P. Ferraris, J. N. Coleman, B. G. Kim and R. H. Baughman, Nature, vol. 416, p. 37 (2002).
Page 95
“genetic engineering experiments . . .”
The Goat Farmer Magazine
(May 2002) (Capricorn Publications, New Zealand).
Page 96
“other scientists have reported . . .” D. Huemmerich, T. Scheibel, F. Vollrath, S. Cohen, U. Gat, and S. Ittah,
Current Biology
, vol. 14, no. 22, p. 2070 (Nov. 2004).
Page 96
“The silk-producing gene...” Jurgen Scheller, Karl-Heinz Guhrs, Frank Grosse, and Udo Conrad,
Nature Biotechnology,
vol. 19, no. 6, p. 573 (June 2001); S. R. Fahnestock and S. L. Irwin,
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol
. Vol. 47, p. 23 (1997).
Page 96
“As Jim Robbins discussed . . .” “Second Nature,” Jim Robbins,
Smithsonian,
vol. 33, no. 4, p. 78 (July 2002).
CHAPTER 8
Page 97
“he could ride on top of an ant . . .” See, for example,
Tales to Astonish # 35
(Marvel Comics, Sept. 1962), reprinted in
Essential Ant-Man Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2002). Written by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 98
“to instruct hundreds of them . . .”
Tales to Astonish # 36
(Marvel Comics, Oct. 1962), reprinted in
Essential Ant-Man Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2002). Written by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 98
Tales to Astonish # 37
(Marvel Comics, Nov. 1962), reprinted in
Essential Ant-Man Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2002). Written by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 101
“an ingenious series of levers . . .”
Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology
(3rd ed.), Russell K. Hobbie (American Institute of Physics, 2001);
Biomechanics of Human Motion,
M. Williams and H. R. Lissner (Saunders Press, 1962).
Page 101
“essentially the same as a fishing rod . . .” See, for example,
The Way Things Work,
David Macaulay (Houghton Mifflin, 1988) for an amusing illustration of different lever configurations.
Page 101
“The ratio of moment arms is thus 1:7,”
Back-of-the-Envelope Physics,
Clifford Swartz (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003).
Page 103
“What determines how high you can leap?”
On Growth and Form,
D’Arcy Thompson (Cambridge University Press, 1961).
Page 104
“It is an easy consequence of anthropomorphism,” Ibid, page 27.
CHAPTER 9
Page 105
“Beware the Atomic Grenade”
Flash # 122
(National Comics, Aug. 1961), reprinted in
Flash Archives Volume 3
(DC Comics, 2002). Written by John Broome and drawn by Carmine Infantino.
Page 106
Tales to Astonish # 50
(Marvel Comics, Dec. 1963), reprinted in
Essential Ant-Man Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2002). Written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 107
“dropped from the Masters of Evil by Egghead”
Avengers # 228
(Marvel Comics, Feb. 1983) written by Roger Stern and drawn by Al Milgrom.
Page 110
“innovations in gyroscope design employ electrostatically levitated micro-discs,” “Micromachined rotating gyroscope with electromagnetically levitated rotor,” Wu, X.-S.; Chen, W.-Y.; Zhao, X.-L.; Zhang, W.-P.,
Electronics Letters
vol. 42, p. 912 (2006).
Page 111
Avengers # 139
(Marvel Comics, Sept. 1975) reprinted in
Essential Avengers Volume 6
(Marvel Comics, 2008). Written by Steve Englehart and drawn by George Tuska.
Page 111
“Helicopters hover in the air”
Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics
(2nd ed.), J. Gordon Leishman (Cambridge University Press, 2006).
Page 113
“When the Norse god Thor needed to travel”
Journey into Mystery # 83
(Marvel Comics, Aug. 1962) reprinted in
Essential Uncanny Thor Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 2001) written by Stan Lee and Larry Leiber and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 113
Bartman Comics # 3
(Bongo Comics, Aug. 1994) written by Steve Vance and drawn by Bill Morrison.
Page 113
“the X-Men villain the Blob”
X-Men # 3
(Marvel Comics, Jan. 1964) reprinted in
Essential Uncanny X-Men Volume 1
(Marvel Comics, 1999) written by Stan Lee and drawn by Jack Kirby.
Page 114
“Observations of the Coma cluster of galaxies” Fritz Zwicky,
Helvetica Phys. Acta
vol. 6, p. 110 (1933).
Page 115
“there must be more mass in this galaxy than we can see”
In Search of Dark Matter,
Ken Freeman and Geoff McNamara (Springer, 2006).
CHAPTER 10
Page 118
“Galileo was perhaps not the first person to notice...”
Galileo’s Pendulum,
Roger G. Newton (Harvard University Press, 2004).
Page 120
“A human vocal cord is . . .”
Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology
(3rd ed.), Russell K. Hobbie (American Institute of Physics, 2001).
Page 121
“Alternatively, if one is too close to the source, . . .”
On Growth and Form,
D’Arcy Thompson (Cambridge University Press, 1961).
Page 122
Atom # 4
(National Comics, Dec./Jan. 1962), reprinted in
Atom Archives Volume One
(DC Comics, 2001). Written by Gardner Fox and drawn by Gil Kane.
Page 123
“An insect’s eye is very good at . . .” C. J. van der Horst, “The Optics of the Insect Eye,”
Acta Zool,
p. 108 (1933).
CHAPTER 11
Page 125
“or of Catwoman’s whip . . .”
JLA # 13
(DC Comics, April 1998). Written by Grant Morrison and drawn by Howard Porter. The fact that the tip of Catwoman’s whip is moving at roughly twice the speed of sound (the source of the loud crack it creates) was emphasized when she snapped the villain Prometheus in a particularly vulnerable area.
Page 125
DC:
The New Frontier # 2
(DC Comics, Apr. 2004), also reprinted in
DC: The New Frontier Volume 1
(DC Comics, 2004). Written and drawn by Darwyn Cooke.
Page 125
Flash # 202
(vol. 2) (DC Comics, Nov. 2003). Written by Geoff Johns and drawn by Alberto Dose.
Page 126
“The Special Theory of Relativity can be boiled down . . .”
What Is Relativity?
L. D. Landau and G. B. Romer (Translated by N. Kemmer) (Dover, 2003).
Page 127
“with a sweeping motion . . .”
Flash # 124
(National Comics, Nov. 1961), reprinted in
Flash Archives Volume 3
(DC Comics, 2002). Written by John Broome and drawn by Carmine Infantino.
Page 127
“In order for this to be true, Einstein argued . . .”
Relativity and Common Sense,
Hermann Bondi (Dover, 1980).
Page 127
“two observers can disagree. . . .”
What Is Relativity?
L. D. Landau and G. B. Romer (Translated by N. Kemmer) (Dover, 2003).
Page 128
Flash # 175
(National Comics, Dec. 1967), reprinted in
Superman vs. the Flash
(DC Comics, 2005). Written by E. Nelson Bridwell and drawn by Ross Andru.
Page 128
“Negative Man”
My Greatest Adventure # 80
(National Comics, June 1963), reprinted in
The Doom Patrol Archives Volume 1
(DC Comics, 2002). Written by Arnold Drake with Bob Haney and drawn by Bruno Premiani.
Page 128
“Captain Marvel”
Avengers # 227
(Marvel Comics, Jan. 1983). Written by Roger Stern and drawn by Sal Buscema.
BOOK: The Physics of Superheroes: Spectacular Second Edition
10.32Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
ads

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