The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (157 page)

23.
David H. Dickason, “David Starr Jordan as a Literary Man,”
Indiana Magazine of History
, Vol. 38 (1941), pp. 343–358; and David Starr Jordan,
Evolution and Animal Life: An Elementary Discussion of Facts, Processes, Laws, and Theories Relating to the Life and Evolution of Animals
(New York: Appleton, 1907).

24.
Char Miller, “Landmark Decision: The Antiquities Act, Big Stick Conservation, and the Modern State,” in David Harmon, Francis P. McManamon, and Dwight T. Pitcaithley (eds.),
The Antiquities Act: A Century of American Archeology, Historic Preservation, and Nature Conservation
(Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2006), pp. 64–78.

25.
Ron Chernow,
Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.
(New York: Random House, 1998), p. 435.

26.
T.R. to Kermit Roosevelt (February 23, 1908).

27.
“Jewel Cave National Monument,”
National Park Service Archive,
Jewel Cave, South Dakota.

28.
Gail Evans-Hatch and Michael Evans-Hatch,
Place of Passages: Jewel Cave National Monument Historic Resource Study
(Omaha, Neb.: Midwestern Regional National Park Service, 2006), pp. 173–177.

29.
Ibid., p. 4.

30.
“Jewel Cave National Monument, South Dakota, by the President of the United States, A Proclamation,” Box 1, Jewel Cave National Monument Archives, Mount Rushmore National Monument.

31.
Ibid.

32.
In fact, the Biological Survey called for the wholesale extermination of English sparrows, as they had become a menace to fruit trees and other crops from coast to coast.
Report of the Chief of the Bureau of the Biological Survey for 1908
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1908), p. 9.

33.
T.R. to Dr. C. Hart Merriam (March 15, 1908).

34.
T.R. to Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (May 23, 1908).

35.
J. C. Kerbis Peterhans and T. P. Gnoske, “Man-Eaters of Tsavo,”
Journal of East African Natural History
, Vol. 90 (2001), pp. 1–40.

36.
T.R. to Lieutenant Colonel John Henry Patterson (March 20, 1908).

37.
T.R.,
African Game Trails
(New York: Scribner, 1909), p. ix.

38.
“The Colossal Natural Bridges of
Utah,”
National Geographic
, Vol. 15 (1904), pp. 367–369. (Author unknown.)

39.
There is some controversy over the use of the word “Anasazi.” While recognizing its limitations, I have chosen it both for its brevity and because there is no agreed-on alternative.

40.
T.R.,
A Book-Lover’s Holidays in the Open,
pp. 39–62.

41.
Ibid., pp. 53–54.

42.
T.R. at the creation of Natural Bridges National Monument (April 16, 1908), Natural Bridges National Monument Archive, Lake Powell, Utah.

43.
G. Michael McCarthy,
Hour of Trial: The Conservation Conflict in Colorado and the West, 1891–1907
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977).

44.
George F. Kunz, “The Preservation of Scenic Beauty” in
Proceedings of the Conference of Governors
, pp. 408–419.

45.
T.R. to Cecil Arthur Spring-Rice (April 11, 1908).

46. Edward J. Renehan, Jr.,
John Burroughs: An American Naturalist
(Post Mills, Vt.: Chelsea Green, 1992), p. 250.

47.
T.R. to John Burroughs (June 29, 1907),
Theodore Roosevelt Papers,
Reel 346.

48.
John Burroughs, “With Roosevelt at Pine Knot,”
Outlook
(May 25, 1921).

49.
John Burroughs,
Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt
(Boston, Mass., and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1906), pp. 102–103.

50.
Renehan,
John Burroughs,
p. 250; Lifton Johnson,
John Burroughs Talks
(Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1922), pp. 237–241; and Clara Barrus (ed.), Burroughs,
The Life and Letters of John Burroughs,
Vol. 2 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1925), p. 363.

51.
William Harbaugh, “The Theodore Roosevelts’ Retreat in Southern Albemarle, Pine Knot 1905–1908,”
Magazine of Al-bermarle Country History
, Vol. 51, 1993, pp. 37–41.

52.
Johnson,
John Burroughs Talks
, p. 290.

53.
T.R. to Archie Roosevelt (May 10, 1908) in Joseph Bucklin Bishop (ed.),
Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1919), pp. 226–227.

54.
Ibid.

55.
Paul Russell Cutright,
Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist
(New York: Harper, 1956), p. 180.

56.
Charles F. Clark,
Theodore Roosevelt and the Great Adventure
(Des Moines, Iowa: Garner, 1959), p. 111.

57.
T.R. quoted in ibid., p. 112.

58.
T.R.,
Address to the National Governors’ Conference, May 13–15
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1909), p. 8.

59.
Address of Edwin L. Norris in
Proceedings of the Conference of Governors
(Washington, D.C.: Goverment Printing Office, 1909), pp. 172–173.

60.
L. O. Howard,
Fighting the Insects
(New York: Macmillan, 1933), pp. 239—240.

61.
T.R. to Theodore Elijah Burton (June 8, 1908).

62.
T.R. to Archie Roosevelt (May 17, 1908), in Bishop (ed.),
Theodore Roosevelt’s Letters to His Children,
p. 228.

63.
T.R. to Frank M. Chapman (May 10, 1908).

64.
Report to the Chief of the Biological Survey for 1907
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1908), p. 9.

65.
T.R. to Frank M. Chapman (June 7, 1908).

66.
Charles Herner,
The Arizona Rough Riders
(Prescott, Ariz.: Scharlot Hall Museum, 1998), p. 222.

67.
Johnson,
John Burroughs Talks,
p. 291.

68.
Michael F. Anderson,
Polishing the Jewel: An Administrative History of the Grand Canyon
(Grand Canyon, Ariz,: Grand Canyon Association, 2000), pp. 15–108; and Stephen R. Whitney,
A Field Guide to the Grand Canyon
(Seattle: The Mountaineers, 1996), pp. 53–65.

69.
T.R.,
A Book-Lover’s Holidays in the Open
, p. 5.

70.
“Clinton G. Smith,” in
Biographical Record of the Graduates and Former Students in the Yale Forestry School
(New Haven, Conn.: Yale Forestry School, 1913), p. 86.

71.
T.R., “Forestry and Foresters,” speech before the Society of American Foresters, March 26, 1903 (U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Bureau of Forestry, Circular No. 25, June 11, 1903).

72.
T.R. to Henry Cabot Lodge (June 24, 1908).

73.
Elting Morrison (ed.),
The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt,
Vol. 7 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1954), p. 4. (Editorial footnote.)

74.
T.R. to Henry Fairfield Osborn (August 5, 1908).

75.
T.R. to Henry Cabot Lodge (August 18, 1908).

76.
Jack London, “The Other Animals,”
Collier’s
(September 5, 1908); and “London Answers Roosevelt,”
New York Times
(August 31, 1908), p. 7.

77.
T.R. to Mark Sullivan (September 9, 1908).

78.
London, “The Other Animals.”

79.
Jonathan Swift,
Gulliver’s Travels: The Voyages to Lilliput and Brobdingnag
(New York: American Book Company, 1914), p. 129.

80.
T.R. to Professor L. H. Bailey (August 4, 1908).

81.
T.R., “Country Life Commission,”
Century Magazine
(October 1913).

82.
T.R. to Herbert Myrick (September 10, 1908).

83.
Ibid.

84.
T.R. to Herbert Mynick (September 10, 1908).

85.
T.R. to William Jennings Bryan (September 27, 1908).

86.
T.R. to William Kent (September 28, 1908).

87.
“Attacks Gifford Pinchot,”
New York Times
(October 1, 1908), p. D3.

88.
Gould,
The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
, p. 289.

89.
T.R. to John Raleigh Mott (October 12, 1908).

90.
T.R. to Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (November 27, 1908).

91.
T.R. to George Otto Trevelyan (December 1, 1908).

92.
T.R. to John St. Lee Strachey (February 22, 1907).

93.
T.R. to John Hay (May 22, 1903).

94.
T.R. to Whitelaw Reid (December 4, 1908).

95.
Dave Cooper, “Wild Hike Reveals Right Tuff in Wheeler Geologic Area,”
Denver Post
(September 24, 2006).

96.
T.R. to Robert Underwood Johnson (December 17, 1908).

97.
T.R.,
An Autobiography
, p. 424.

98.
Eric Jay Dolin,
Smithsonian Book of Natural Wildlife Refuges
(Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2003), pp. 60–61.

99.
T.R. to Sydney Brooks (November 20, 1908).

26: D
ANGEROUS
A
NTAGONIST

1.
T.R. to William Howard Taft (December 31, 1908).

2.
Nathan Miller,
Theodore Roosevelt: A Life
(New York: Morrow, 1992), p. 483.

3.
Ibid., p. 485.

4.
M. Nelson McGeary,
Gifford Pinchot: Forester-Politician
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1960), p. 115.

5.
Miller,
Theodore Roosevelt: A Life
, p. 490.

6.
T.R., “A Hunter-Naturalist in Europe and Africa,”
Outlook
, Vol. 99, No. 3 (September 16, 1911).

7.
T.R. to Winston Churchill (January 6, 1909).

8.
T.R. to Kermit Roosevelt (January 14, 1909).

9.
T.R. to Kermit Roosevelt (January 9, 1909).

10.
Henry Litchfield West, “The Incoming Taft Administration,”
Forum
(March 1909).

11.
T.R. to Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (January 31, 1909).

12.
“The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: 100 Years of Presidential Protection,” Marine Conservation Biology Institute (Washington, D.C.). (Pamphlet, 2007.)

13.
William Alanson Bryan,
Natural History of Hawaii: Being an Account of the Hawaiian People, the Geology and Geography of the Islands, and the Native and Introduced Plants and the Animals of the Group
(Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette, 1915), p. 93.

14.
Mark Twain,
Roughing It,
Vol. 1 (Hartford, Conn.: American, 1871), pp. 265–266.

15.
Nona Beamer,
Nã Mele Hula: A
Collection of Hawaiian Hula Chants
(Lã’ cie, Hawaii: Pacific Institute Press, 1987), p. 46.

16.
Bryan,
Natural History of Hawaii
, p. 93.

17.
Turner Morton, “Laysan—A Bird Paradise,”
Pearson’s Magazine
(May 1901).

18.
“An Island Owned by Birds,”
Friend: A Religious and Literary Journal,
Vol. 75, No. 11 (September 28, 1909).

19.
Bryan,
Natural History of Hawaii,
p. 97.

20.
Ibid.

21.
“Laysan Island,”
Youth’s Companion
(March 9, 1905), p. iii.

22.
“Laysan Island,” Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Education Project File, Laboratory for Interactive Learning Technologies, University of Hawaii (July 2008).

23.
Bryan,
Natural History of Hawaii
, p. 95.

24.
Morton, “Laysan—A Bird Paradise.”

25.
A. Binion Amerson, Jr.,
The Natural History of French Frigate Shoals: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
(Washington, D.C.: Paper No. 79, Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program, Smithsonian Institution, 1971).

26.
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Education Project Archive, Honolulu.

27.
T.R.,
A Book-Lover’s Holidays in the Open
(New York: Scribner, 1916), p. 368.

28.
“Birds in Millions Inhabit Laysan Island in Pacific,”
Christian Science Monitor
(August 8, 1911), p. 7.

29.
Annual Reports of the Department of Agriculture
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1916), p. 241.

30.
“Farallon National Wildlife Refuge Brochure,” Farallon National Wildlife Refuge, San Francisco Bay National Wild-life Refuge Complex File, Newark, Calif. (September 2002).

31.
Michael Grunwald,
The Swamp: The Everglades, Florida, and the Politics of Paradise
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006), pp. 125–126.

32.
T.R. to Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (February 6, 1909).

33.
Flagler, quoted ibid., p. 113. See also David Chandler,
Henry Flagler: The Astonishing Life and Times of the Visionary Robber Baron Who Founded Florida
(New York: Macmillan, 1986), p. 236.