The Year Without Summer (42 page)

“Eight weeks of rain…”: Harington, p. 369.

“We were held prisoners…”: Sraffa,
Ricardo,
p. 48.

“a taste for other objects…”: ibid.

“rouse the Irish…”: ibid., pp. 48–9.

“could not find…”:
Daily National Intelligencer
, September 12, 1816.

“I hear old England…”: Paget, p. 161.

“I should think England…”: ibid., p. 166.

“too small for…”: ibid., p. 165.

“been violent & incessant…”: ibid., p. 170.

“It is being…”: ibid., pp. 168–9.

“the divine beauty”: Jones,
Percy Bysshe Shelley
, vol. 1, p. 352.

“In my mind…”: ibid., p. 357.

“I never saw a monument…”: ibid., p. 485.

“a town more beautiful…”: ibid., p. 487.

“What a thing it would be…”: Vail, p. 189.

“Really we have had lately…”: ibid., p. 185.

“the general headquarters of…”: Goodden,
Dangerous Exile
, p. 284.

“as at some outlandish beast…”: ibid., p. 278.

“I believe Madame…”: ibid.

“She has made Coppet…”: Fairweather,
Madame de Staël,
p. 456.

“ventured to protect me…”: Goodden, p. 283.

“the cornfields on each side…”: Feldman,
Journals,
p. 113.

“The rain continued…”: ibid., p. 118.

“This is the most desolate…”: ibid., p. 119.

“a Hurricane of Thunder…”: Paget, pp. 170–1.

“but felt the wind…”: ibid., p. 171.

“seasons the most adverse…”: Ford, p. 51.

“On account of the extreme…”:
Albany Argus,
July 19, 1816.

“It is acknowledged on all hands…”:
Brattleboro Reporter
, July 17, 1816.

“rye is said to be…”: Hoyt, p. 122.

“It would astonish the plain…”:
Maryland Gazette
, May 2, 1816.

“commerce is languishing…”:
Maryland Gazette
, July 4, 1816.

“There has never been an instance…”: Wood, p. 719.

“the alien or sedition laws…”: ibid.

“A mind neither rapid…”: Wilentz,
Rise of American Democracy
, p. 202.

“Madison is quick…”: Skeen,
1816
, p. 212.

“stupid and illiterate…”: ibid., p. 213.

“this ridiculous man of straw…”:
Maryland Gazette
, August 1, 1816.

“A belief begins to…”: Vail, p. 184.

“are the conceived cause…”: Vail, p. 185.

“a kind of cone…”:
Gentleman’s Magazine
, February 1817, pp. 109–110.

“has occasion’d this change…”: quoted in Vail, p. 187.

“the wheat crop has suffered…”:
Times
(London), August 6, 1816.

“The rain descended…”: ibid.

“I thought I was to leave…”: ibid.

“in such a state…”:
Gentleman’s Magazine
, September 1816, p. 170.

“grain, meal of…”:
Times
(London), August 14, 1816.

“And the necessary consequence…”:
Times
(London)
,
August 12, 1816.

“Instead of crowding our ports…”: Spater,
Cobbett,
vol. II, p. 343.

“a circumstance without parallel…”: Ashton,
Social England
, p. 279.

“Scarcely a day passes…”: Spater, p. 343.

“When no other sufficient cause…”:
Times
(London), August 15, 1816.

“the present distressed…”:
Gentleman’s Magazine
, July 1816, p. 149.

“No newspaper can describe…”: Halévy,
Liberal Awakening,
p. 13.

“it be impossible for any…”:
Gentleman’s Magazine
, August 1816, p. 174.

“It is impossible…”:
Gentleman’s Magazine
, July 1816, p. 76.

7.
P
OVERTY AND
M
ISERY

“the crops of wheat and rye…”:
Niles’ Weekly Register
, August 10, 1816, p. 386.

“It has been observed…”: ibid., p. 385.

“a very violent storm…”:
Farmers’ Cabinet
, August 24, 1816.

“all of a sudden…”:
Daily National Intelligencer
, September 3, 1816.

“Indeed we have the air…”: ibid.

“a temperature, such as is…”:
Daily National Intelligencer,
August 30, 1816.

“frost so severe…”: Skeen, p. 6.

“a hard frost…”: Stommel,
Volcano Weather
, p. 41.

“had perverted the college…”: Turner,
Ninth State
, p. 295.

“August proved to be…”: Schlegel, p. 1.

“August was more cheerless…”:
Connecticut Courant
, October 19, 1850.

“was white with frost…”:
Connecticut Courant
, October 1, 1816.

“The crops will be…”: ibid.

“a circumstance unparalleled…”:
Daily National Intelligencer
, September 3, 1816.

“the oldest inhabitants…”: Skeen, p. 7.

“killed much corn…”: Ford,
Writings
, p. 64.

“Oh! It rains again…”: Austen, “Jane Austen’s Letters,” Letter 130, July 9, 1816.

“Whoever is fond…”: Nokes,
Austen,
p. 480.

“so much nature…”: ibid., p. 478.

“I could no more…”: Austen, Letter 126, April 1, 1816.

“We were obliged…”: Austen, Letter 130, July 9, 1816.

“it’s being bad weather…”: ibid.

“I have often observed…”: ibid.

“She speaks of France…”: Austen, Letter 133, September 8, 1816.

“Weather miserably wet…”: Bailey,
Standing
, p. 211.

“a summary of all that…”: Wilton,
Turner
, p. 27.

“reflect the form and essence…”: Hamilton,
Turner’s Britain
, p. 114.

“flat and tame”: Edgcumbe, p. 226.

“was violently lashing…”: ibid., p. 224.

“It is a country to be in…”: Fairweather, p. 454.

“Lord Byron looked in…”: Edgcumbe, p. 236.

“had washed away…”: ibid., p. 241.

“Alas! All our…”: ibid., pp. 241–2.

“The inundations…”: ibid., p. 251.

“was not only a believer…”: Feldman, p. 126.

“A foolish girl…”: Marchand,
Byron,
p. 125.

“at Geneva, where there was…”: Vail, p. 184.

8. T
HE
P
RICE OF
B
READ

“The waters are…”:
Times
(London), August 13, 1816.

“Thunderstorms brought forth … “: Lederer, “Report of the Famine,” p. 1.

“The weather continues…”:
Times
(London), August 8, 1816.

“burst its dikes … and in consequence…”:
Times
(London), August 12, 1816.

“The increase of waters…”:
Times
(London)
,
August 17, 1816.

“the harvest is completely…”:
Times
(London), August 14, 1816.

“with an immense concourse…”:
Times
(London), August 9, 1816.

“the first crop of hay…”:
Times
(London), August 13, 1816.

“laid on with a…”:
Times
(London), August 9, 1816.

“inflammation of…”: Adams, p. 434.

“a girdle of…”: ibid.

“He said that he hoped…”: ibid., p. 422.

“The wheats everywhere…”:
Times
(London), August 10, 1816.

“The late rains have…”: ibid.

“The weather continues fine…”:
Times
(London), August 20, 1816.

“notwithstanding the lateness…”: Adams, p. 430.

“It is strange that…”: ibid.

“So certain is the result…”: Skeen, p. 229.

“There was no election…”: ibid.

“it may be crossed on foot…”:
Farmer’s Cabinet
, September 7, 1816.

“never has there been…”:
Daily National Intelligencer
, September 7, 1816.

“every part of the…”:
Connecticut Courant
, October 8, 1816.

“A failure of the crops…”:
American Advocate
, September 28, 1816.

“corn froze to…”: Worthen,
Sutton
, p. 222.

“It is believed…”
Farmer’s Cabinet
, September 7, 1816.

“the corn is said to be…”:
Daily National Intelligencer
, September 13, 1816.

“July of 1816…”: Trigo, “Iberia,” p. 102.

“in many ways the basest king…”: Payne,
A History of Spain
, p. 428.

“July had only…”: Trigo, p. 102.

“the unusual cool weather…”: ibid.

“I note here as something…”: ibid., p. 103.

“A cold and humid temperature…”:
Times
(London), September 9, 1816.

“The state of the weather…”:
Times
(London), September 5, 1816.

“Such a set of venal…”: Frye,
After Waterloo
, p. 151.

“pure but moderate…”: de Sauvigny,
Bourbon,
p. 111.

“who do not believe…”: ibid.

“They are more considerable…”:
Times
(London), September 20, 1816.

“with its cheeks…”:
Times
(London), September 20, 1816.

“There has not been…”: Adams, p. 438.

“one of the most…”:
Times
(London), September 5, 1816.

“In the orchards and…”:
Times
(London), September 5, 1816.

“Snow in harvest…”: quoted in
Times
(London)
,
September 3, 1816.

“a considerable fall…”:
Times
(London)
,
September 7, 1816.

“somewhat extraordinary…”: ibid.

“the weather here…”:
Times
(London), September 11, 1816.

“Indeed, the whole…”:
Times
(London), September 5, 1816.

“and still the weather…”:
Times
(London), September 7, 1816.

“The gale has abated…”: Adams, pp. 440–1.

“extraordinary visitation…”:
Times
(London), September 7, 1816.

“the hops have been…”:
Times
(London), September 11, 1816.

“the present harvest…”: ibid.

“as large as…”:
Times
(London), September 16, 1816.

“Snow fell once or twice…”: ibid.

“the late and wet…”: ibid.

“the continuance of the cold…”: Sraffa, pp. 66–7.

“has begun about us…”: ibid., p. 68.

“Secrecy is looked upon…”:
Times
(London), September 23, 1816.

“the friends of the Government…”: Adams, p. 440.

“the distresses of the country…”:
Daily National Intelligencer
, October 29, 1816.

“Of distresses, such as now…”:
Quarterly Review
, October 1816, p. 276.

“Every expedient should be used…”:
Times
(London), September 4, 1816.

“the season has been even…”:
Daily National Intelligencer
, September 10, 1816.

“the corn here is…”: Sraffa, pp. 61–2.

“The Swiss are very slow…”: Feldman, p. 132.

“In all that essentially belongs…”: ibid., pp. 132–3.

“Our passage from…”: Jones,
Percy Shelley
, p. 504.

“The harvest is not yet…”: ibid., pp. 505–6.

“Even now we have…”: Paget, p. 172.

“does not answer to…”: Cochran, “Hobhouse,” p. 191.

“Grapes appeared many…”: ibid., p. 194.

“the most inclement…”:
Times
(London), October 3, 1816.

“thousands of fathers…”: ibid.

“How cold and triste…”: Edgcumbe, p. 280.

“the weather is dreadfully cold…”: ibid., p. 283.

“incalculable”: Post,
Subsistence Crisis
, p. 18.

“of the lower class”:
Times
(London), September 2, 1816.

“This looked as dismal…”: Edgcumbe, p. 288.

“The peasants must…”: ibid., pp. 291–2.

“rendered the seasons…”:
Daily National Intelligencer
, September 3, 1816.

“I recollect no period…”: Parker, p. 228.

“There never was such distress…”: O’Connell,
Correspondence
, p. 112.

“I have had an immense…”: ibid., p. 116.

“Between the fall of prices…”: ibid., p. 121.

“I think it still more…”: Parker, pp. 233–4.

9. H
ARVEST

“The whole summer has also…”:
Connecticut Courant
, October 15, 1816.

“No prospect of crops…”: Hoyt, p. 123.

“The four greatest frosts known…”: Mussey, p. 444.

“These frosts have destroyed…”: Ludlum,
Vermont Weather
, p. 98.

“Frost killed almost…”: Hoyt, p. 123.

“The ice on the ponds…”:
Connecticut Courant
, October 29, 1816.

“The oldest inhabitants…”:
Connecticut Courant
, October 15, 1816.

“The woods are every where…”: ibid.

“We have seen a gentleman…”: quoted in
Connecticut Courant
, October 15, 1816.

“I fear that the smoke…”:
Connecticut Courant
, October 15, 1816.

“Europeans can have little idea…”:
Gentleman’s Magazine
, November 1816, p. 454.

“Never before in this vicinity…”: Ludlum,
Vermont Weather
, p. 99.

“Many parishes in Quebec…”:
Albany Advertiser
, October 19, 1816.

“A fall of snow…”:
Daily National Intelligencer
, October 29, 1816.

“self-sufficiency and survival…”: Schlegel, p. 1.

“people were in…”: Warren,
Waterford
, p. 128.

“It is not probable…”:
Vermont Journal
, October 7, 1816.

“Indian corn on which…”: Hoyt, p. 123.

“of excellent quality”:
Connecticut Courant
, October 15, 1816.

“there will not be…”: Stommel,
Volcano Weather,
pp. 74–5.

“It would be well…”:
National Register
, September 14, 1816.

“The uncommon failure…”: Galusha, “Executive Speech,” pp. 3–4.